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Rehabilitation Psychology May 2017The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize existing empirical research on disability identity development. This review is organized to present the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize existing empirical research on disability identity development. This review is organized to present the demographics of participants and types of disabilities represented in the existing data, measures of disability identity development and theoretical models of disability identity development.
METHOD
Electronic databases (EBSCO, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Sociological Abstracts) were searched for all peer reviewed empirical studies published between 1980 and 2017. Articles were excluded if they were theoretical and/or did not include participants with disabilities, or focused on a disability-specific community identity rather than general disability identity.
RESULTS
Empirical articles (N = 41) were included in the final review. An overwhelming majority (75.6%) were qualitative in nature, with only 22% of the articles reviewed being quantitative and only 1 that utilized a mixed methods design. The results suggest that disability identity can be considered a unique phenomenon that shapes persons' ways of seeing themselves, their bodies, and their way of interacting with the world.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
Disability identity development has the potential to become an important factor in developing effective interventions and/or therapies. Identity development is a fundamentally social process, and identities are formed through mirroring, modeling, and recognition through available identity resources, and so it is imperative that able-bodied professionals (i.e., rehabilitation professionals, therapists, teachers and caregivers) working with individuals with disabilities become aware of this developmental process to be able to better support individuals along this journey. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Self Concept
PubMed: 28406650
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000134 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Dec 2016To conduct a systematic review to elucidate the frequency, recovery, and associated outcomes for poststroke aphasia over the long-term. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To conduct a systematic review to elucidate the frequency, recovery, and associated outcomes for poststroke aphasia over the long-term.
DATA SOURCES
Using the Cochrane Stroke Strategy, we searched 10 databases, 13 journals, 3 conferences, and the gray literature.
STUDY SELECTION
Our a priori protocol criteria included unselected samples of adult stroke patients from randomized controlled trials or consecutive cohorts. Two independent reviewers rated abstracts and articles for exclusion or inclusion, resolving discrepancies by consensus.
DATA EXTRACTION
We documented aphasia frequencies by stroke type and setting, and computed odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We retrieved 2168 citations, reviewed 248 articles, and accepted 50. Median frequencies for mixed stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) were 30% and 34% for acute and rehabilitation settings, respectively. Frequencies by stroke type were lowest for acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (9%) and highest for acute ischemic stroke (62%) when arrival to the hospital was ≤3 hours from stroke onset. Articles monitoring aphasia for 1 year demonstrated aphasia frequencies 2% to 12% lower than baseline. Negative outcomes associated with aphasia included greater odds of in-hospital death (OR=2.7; 95% CI, 2.4-3.1) and longer mean length of stay in days (mean=1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3) in acute settings. Patients with aphasia had greater disability from 28 days (OR=1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7) to 2 years (OR=1.7; 95% CI, 1.6-2.0) than those without aphasia. By 2 years, they used more rehabilitation services (OR=1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6) and returned home less frequently (OR=1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7).
CONCLUSIONS
Reported frequencies of poststroke aphasia range widely, depending on stroke type and setting. Because aphasia is associated with mortality, disability, and use of health services, we recommend long-term interdisciplinary vigilance in the management of aphasia.
Topics: Aphasia; Disabled Persons; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Incidence; Length of Stay; Stroke
PubMed: 27063364
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.03.006 -
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly :... Jan 2017Compared with mainstream sport athletes, relatively little is known regarding the factors affecting the development of athletes with a disability. Sport-specific... (Review)
Review
Compared with mainstream sport athletes, relatively little is known regarding the factors affecting the development of athletes with a disability. Sport-specific training programs are essential to athletes' successful performance; to create appropriate programs and strategies, a clear understanding of the nuances of development of athletes with a disability is important. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize existing research on development in athletes with a disability and examine the key determinants of successful development and sporting performance. After a search of the Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases, 21 articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria, which were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and categorized into 3 groups: training and practice, shortterm interventions, and long-term changes due to training. Among the studies, there was a disproportionate focus on immediate interventions and training programs and less on long-term development. The review reflected a lack of research on sportspecific development of athletes with a disability, which raises concerns regarding the effectiveness and appropriateness of current training practices.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Performance; Disabled Persons; Humans; Physical Education and Training
PubMed: 28218871
DOI: 10.1123/APAQ.2016-0030 -
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury... 2017Power wheelchairs capable of overcoming environmental barriers, such as uneven terrain, curbs, or stairs, have been under development for more than a decade. We... (Review)
Review
Power wheelchairs capable of overcoming environmental barriers, such as uneven terrain, curbs, or stairs, have been under development for more than a decade. We conducted a systematic review of the scientific and engineering literature to identify these devices, and we provide brief descriptions of the mechanism and method of operation for each. We also present data comparing their capabilities in terms of step climbing and standard wheelchair functions. We found that all the devices presented allow for traversal of obstacles that cannot be accomplished with traditional power wheelchairs, but the slow speeds and small wheel diameters of some designs make them only moderately effective in the basic area of efficient transport over level ground and the size and configuration of some others limit maneuverability in tight spaces. We propose that safety and performance test methods more comprehensive than the International Organization for Standards (ISO) testing protocols be developed for measuring the capabilities of advanced wheelchairs with step-climbing and other environment-negotiating features to allow comparison of their clinical effectiveness.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Durable Medical Equipment; Equipment Design; Humans; Wheelchairs
PubMed: 29339886
DOI: 10.1310/sci2302-98 -
Disability and Health Journal Apr 2021Musculoskeletal traumas are on the rise in the United States; however, limited studies are available to help trauma providers assess and treat concerns beyond the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal traumas are on the rise in the United States; however, limited studies are available to help trauma providers assess and treat concerns beyond the physical impact. Little is understood about the psychological, social, and spiritual factors that protect patients from adverse effects after a physical trauma or their experiences with each factor afterward.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review was conducted to investigate and review advancements in research related to risk and resiliency factors experienced by survivors of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. The use of biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPS-S) framework and resiliency theory guided the analysis.
METHODS
Researchers reviewed 1003 articles, but only seven met the search criteria. Due to the complexity and uniqueness of traumatic brain injuries, studies on that target population were excluded.
RESULTS
Of the seven articles reviewed, three identified psychological protective factors that protect against negative health outcomes; three identified negative psychological, social, or spiritual outcomes; and none investigated social or spiritual health.
CONCLUSIONS
There are significant gaps in the literature surrounding risk and resiliency factors related to the BPS-S health of musculoskeletal injury survivors.
Topics: Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Disabled Persons; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Survivors; United States
PubMed: 32888877
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100987 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The epidemiological demands of aging point to the need for characterizing older adults regarding health and disability. This systematic review aims to summarize the... (Review)
Review
The epidemiological demands of aging point to the need for characterizing older adults regarding health and disability. This systematic review aims to summarize the indicators (instruments) identifying different components of disability as a result of aging exposition in community-dwelling older adults, considering the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. Taking the PRISMA 2020 recommendations as a reference, studies with community-dwelling older adults, reporting the development and/or age disability modifications were included. Two reviewers analyzed the observational studies searched in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Of the 137 potentially eligible studies, 49 were included in this review. Several indicators (instruments) demonstrated older adults' disabilities according to the different domains of the ICF. Objective measures assessed Body Structures, Body Functions, and Environmental Factors and included handgrip strength (dynamometry, = 8), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State examination, = 7), gait speed (walk test, = 6), and endurance (Chair stand-test, = 4). Self-reported measures assessed Activities and Participation, but not the Body Structures, and included the basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) (the Katz Index of ADL, = 4 studies, the Lawton and Brody Instrumental ADL, = 4 studies). The summary of the measures gathered can guide researchers and health professionals to select indicators (instruments) to assess and monitor older adults' disabilities resulting from aging exposition, to support the development of new wearables, and to provide improvements to the existing ones, allowing the tailored assessment of different health and disability dimensions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Independent Living; Activities of Daily Living; Hand Strength; Disabled Persons; Self Report
PubMed: 36365968
DOI: 10.3390/s22218270 -
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Mar 2023Young people with disabilities are persistently under-employed and experience concerning rates of discrimination and ableism in looking for work and within the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Young people with disabilities are persistently under-employed and experience concerning rates of discrimination and ableism in looking for work and within the workplace. Focusing on youth is salient because rates of ableism are often higher among younger ages compared to older. The objective of this systematic review was to explore the experiences and impact of workplace discrimination and ableism among youth and young adults with disabilities.
METHODS
Systematic searches of seven databases from 2000 to 2021 were conducted. Four reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria, extracted the data and rated the study quality.
RESULTS
Of the 39 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, they represented 516,281 participants across eight countries over a 20-year period. The findings highlight the rates of workplace ableism, factors affecting workplace ableism (i.e., type of disability, gender, education level, lack of employers' knowledge about disability), ableism in job searching and anticipated ableism. The review also noted the impact of workplace ableism, which included pay discrimination, lack of job supports and social exclusion, job turnover and unemployment, and discrimination allegations and charges.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings reveal the stark prevalence of workplace ableism among youth and young adults with disabilities. There is an urgent need for further in-depth research to understand youth's lived experiences of ableism and the development of solutions to address it so they can be included in a meaningful and respectful way in the workplace.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Workplace; Employment; Disabled Persons; Social Discrimination
PubMed: 35976480
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10049-4 -
Cancer Treatment Reviews Dec 2017People with cancer frequently report limitation in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs); essential activities required to live independently within society. Although... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
People with cancer frequently report limitation in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs); essential activities required to live independently within society. Although several studies have assessed ADL related disability, variability in assessment, setting, and population means evidence is difficult to interpret. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ADL related disability, overall and by setting, and the most commonly affected ADLs in people living with cancer.
METHODS
We searched twelve databases to June 2016 for observational studies assessing ADL disability in adults with cancer. Data on study design, population, ADL instruments and disability (difficulty with or requiring assistance in ≥1 activity) were extracted, summarised, and pooled to estimate disability prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) overall and by setting.
RESULTS
Forty-three studies comprising 19,246 patients were included. Overall, 36.7% (95% CI 29.8-44.3, 18 studies) and 54.6% (95% CI 46.5-62.3, 15 studies) of patients respectively reported disability relating to basic and instrumental ADLs. Disability was marginally more prevalent in inpatient compared to outpatient settings. The Katz Index (18 studies) and Lawton IADL Scale (11 studies) were the most commonly used instruments. Across the activities studied, the most frequently affected basic ADLs were personal hygiene, walking and transfers, and instrumental ADLs were housework, shopping and transportation.
CONCLUSIONS
About one-third and half of adults with cancer respectively have difficulty or require assistance to perform basic and instrumental ADLs. These findings highlight the need for rehabilitation focused on functional independence, and underscore the importance of professionals skilled in occupational assessment and therapy within cancer services.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms
PubMed: 29125982
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.006 -
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2023There is no systematic review assessing the effectiveness of interferential current (IC) in patients with low back pain. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
There is no systematic review assessing the effectiveness of interferential current (IC) in patients with low back pain.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effectiveness of IC in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.
METHODS
The databases PUBMED, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and SCIELO were searched. Randomized controlled trials reporting pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain, in which IC was applied were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of evidence.
RESULTS
Thirteen RCTs were considered eligible for this systematic review (pooled n = 1367). Main results showed moderate-quality evidence and moderate effect sizes that IC probably reduces pain intensity and disability compared to placebo immediately post-treatment (Pain: MD = -1.57 points; 95% CI -2.17, -0.98; Disability: MD = -1.51 points; 95% CI -2.57, -0.46), but not at intermediate-term follow-up. Low-quality evidence with small effect size showed that IC may reduce pain intensity (SMD = -0.32; 95% CI -0.61, -0.03, p = 0.03) compared to TENS immediately post-treatment, but not for disability. There is very low-quality evidence that IC combined with other interventions (massage or exercises) may not further reduce pain intensity and disability compared to the other interventions provided in isolation immediately post-treatment.
CONCLUSION
Moderate-quality evidence shows that IC is probably better than placebo for reducing pain intensity and disability immediately post-treatment in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Exercise Therapy; Pain Measurement; Disabled Persons; Chronic Pain
PubMed: 37801776
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100549 -
Disability and Rehabilitation 2015This meta-analysis examined the effects of foot orthoses (FO) on pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This meta-analysis examined the effects of foot orthoses (FO) on pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, SPORT Scielo, and CINAHL were searched through July 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of orthoses on pain and disability in RA patients. Two reviewers selected studies independently. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) test.
RESULTS
Three studies, involving 110 patients who received FO and 108 control patients, met the study criteria. Relative to controls, FO had a positive impact on pain (WMD 0.40; 95% CI 0.04-0.57). Between group differences in disability were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
FO may improve pain in RA patients, but their impact on disability remains undetermined. Additional large RCTs are needed to investigate the effects of these devices in RA patients. Implications for Rehabilitation The use of foot orthoses (FO) often part of the conservative treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the indication of these devices is usually empiric. Thus, the results of this meta-analysis can provide guidance to rehabilitation professionals to undertake these devices to therapeutic programs. There is no consensus among rehabilitation professionals regarding the efficacy of FO improved pain and disability in patients with RA. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the use of the FO improves pain but has no impact on disability. Thus, rehabilitation professionals, from reading this article will make clear to their patients that benefit of the FO is exclusively in pain improvement. Healthcare professionals and organizations should take into account the costs of production of FO during the definition of the therapeutic program. In case of low cost, the effect on improvement of pain in the feet can justify the indication of these devices to a patient with RA.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Disabled Persons; Foot Orthoses; Humans; Pain Management; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25249238
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.961654