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Lancet (London, England) Jun 2018Low back pain is a very common symptom. It occurs in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries and all age groups from children to the elderly population.... (Review)
Review
Low back pain is a very common symptom. It occurs in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries and all age groups from children to the elderly population. Globally, years lived with disability caused by low back pain increased by 54% between 1990 and 2015, mainly because of population increase and ageing, with the biggest increase seen in low-income and middle-income countries. Low back pain is now the leading cause of disability worldwide. For nearly all people with low back pain, it is not possible to identify a specific nociceptive cause. Only a small proportion of people have a well understood pathological cause-eg, a vertebral fracture, malignancy, or infection. People with physically demanding jobs, physical and mental comorbidities, smokers, and obese individuals are at greatest risk of reporting low back pain. Disabling low back pain is over-represented among people with low socioeconomic status. Most people with new episodes of low back pain recover quickly; however, recurrence is common and in a small proportion of people, low back pain becomes persistent and disabling. Initial high pain intensity, psychological distress, and accompanying pain at multiple body sites increases the risk of persistent disabling low back pain. Increasing evidence shows that central pain-modulating mechanisms and pain cognitions have important roles in the development of persistent disabling low back pain. Cost, health-care use, and disability from low back pain vary substantially between countries and are influenced by local culture and social systems, as well as by beliefs about cause and effect. Disability and costs attributed to low back pain are projected to increase in coming decades, in particular in low-income and middle-income countries, where health and other systems are often fragile and not equipped to cope with this growing burden. Intensified research efforts and global initiatives are clearly needed to address the burden of low back pain as a public health problem.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Attention; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Delivery of Health Care; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Social Class
PubMed: 29573870
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30480-X -
PloS One 2019To know the prevalence, associated factors and temporal trends of disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older people in Spain from 2009...
AIMS
To know the prevalence, associated factors and temporal trends of disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older people in Spain from 2009 to 2017.
BACKGROUND
Disability in older people is associated with health problems, increased health costs and low quality of life. There are no updated data in Spain with a representative sample about disability.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study with 25,465 non-institutionalized older people who participated in the European Health Survey in 2009 and 2014 and the National Health Survey in 2011/12 and 2017 in Spain. The prevalence rates of disability were evaluated using the Katz Scale and Lawton and Brody Scale. Logistic regression was used to determine if there was an association between basic and instrumental activities of daily living and sociodemographic characteristics.
RESULTS
More individuals had disability for instrumental activities of daily living (31.9%) than disability for basic activities of daily living (11.1%). The most predominant disability for instrumental activities of daily living was performing severe housework (34%). The prevalence of disabilities decreased from 2009 to 2017. In general, disability was associated with female gender, advanced age, lower education, restricted daily activity, being bedridden and higher pain levels.
CONCLUSION
There is a considerable prevalence of disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older people in Spain. Although the disability prevalence has decreased slowly from 2009 to 2017, it continues to remain a health problem. Gender may influence the disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Health policymakers should establish prevention strategies and effective interventions (e.g., physical exercise) for prevention and reduction of the disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living, particularly in older females.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Spain
PubMed: 31348797
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220157 -
BMC Medicine Jan 2018Disability as a health outcome deserves more attention than it has so far received. With people living longer and the epidemiological transition from infectious to...
Disability as a health outcome deserves more attention than it has so far received. With people living longer and the epidemiological transition from infectious to noncommunicable diseases as the major cause of health burden, we need to focus attention on disability - the non-fatal impact of heath conditions - over and above our concern for causes of mortality.With the first Global Burden of Disease study, WHO provided a metric that enabled the comparison of the impact of diseases, drawing on a model of disability that focused on decrements of health. This model has since been elaborated in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as being either a feature of the individual or arising out of the interaction between the individual's health condition and contextual factors. The basis of WHO's ongoing work is a set of principles: that disability is a universal human experience; that disability is not determined solely by the underlying health condition or predicated merely on the presence of specific health conditions; and finally, that disability lies on a continuum from no to complete disability. To determine whether interventions at individual or population levels are effective, an approach to disability measurement that allows for an appropriate and fair comparison across health conditions is needed. WHO has designed the Model Disability Survey (MDS) to collect information relevant to understand the lived experience of disability, including the person's capacity to perform tasks actions in daily life, their actual performance, the barriers and facilitators in the environment they experience, and their health conditions. As disability gains prominence within the development agenda in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the MDS will provide the data to monitor the progress of countries on meeting their obligations.The lesson learned from WHO's activities is that disability is a universal human experience, in the sense that everyone can be placed on a continuum of functioning and either currently experiences or is vulnerable to experiencing disability over the course of their lives. This understanding of disability is the key to mainstreaming disability within the public discourse.
Topics: Comprehension; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Environment; Female; Health Status Indicators; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Male; Patient Rights; Public Health; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thinking; United Nations; World Health Organization
PubMed: 29370847
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-1002-6 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Dec 2022In the developed societies, supportive environmental, physical and social conditions enable participation of persons with disabilities in the mainstream through actions,... (Review)
Review
In the developed societies, supportive environmental, physical and social conditions enable participation of persons with disabilities in the mainstream through actions, like provision of ramps and reserved parking. In contrast, in the developing countries like Pakistan, with focus on visual disability, years lost to disabilities compromise and restrict the productive life span of the disabled. The current narrative review was planned to highlight the perspective of disability in the context of Pakistan to bring to limelight the issues requiring immediate focus of the health authorities and the government through a holistic and sustainable approach. Of the 177 publications found on literature search, 33(%) English-language, full-text studies were reviewed. To address disability issues, long-term sustainable actions, like health reforms, including ensuring availability of rehabilitation professionals in hospitals, legislative reforms to initiate relevant legislations, capacity-building of persons with disabilities, including their mainstreaming, are deemed essential.
Topics: Humans; Pakistan; Disabled Persons; Policy
PubMed: 37246676
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.5090 -
Communications Biology Jul 2021July is Disability Pride Month here in New York, where part of the Communications Biology team is based. To mark this occasion, we are featuring a series of scientist...
July is Disability Pride Month here in New York, where part of the Communications Biology team is based. To mark this occasion, we are featuring a series of scientist interviews on the Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution Community site and wanted to elaborate on our motivations behind this post and our hopes for the future concerning the lived experience of disability in science.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Science
PubMed: 34272479
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02411-8 -
The Lancet. Psychiatry Dec 2016Some people have a profound dissatisfaction with what is considered an able-bodied state by most others. These individuals desire to be disabled, by conventional... (Review)
Review
Some people have a profound dissatisfaction with what is considered an able-bodied state by most others. These individuals desire to be disabled, by conventional standards. In this Review, we integrate research findings about the desire for a major limb amputation or paralysis (xenomelia). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging explorations of xenomelia show functional and structural abnormalities in predominantly right hemisphere cortical circuits of higher-order bodily representation, including affective and sexual aspects of corporeal awareness. These neural underpinnings of xenomelia do not necessarily imply a neurological cause, and a full understanding of the condition requires consideration of the interface between neural and social contributions to the bodily self and the concept of disability. Irrespective of cause, disability desires are accompanied by a disabling bodily dysphoria, in many respects similar to gender dysphoria, and we suggest that they should be considered a mental disorder.
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Body Dysmorphic Disorders; Disabled Persons; Humans
PubMed: 27889011
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30265-6 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Oct 2015
Topics: Disabled Persons; Human Rights; Humans; United States
PubMed: 26347353
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12877 -
Singapore Medical Journal Oct 2013Rehabilitation medicine is the medical specialty that integrates rehabilitation as its core therapeutic modality in disability management. More than a billion people... (Review)
Review
Rehabilitation medicine is the medical specialty that integrates rehabilitation as its core therapeutic modality in disability management. More than a billion people worldwide are disabled, and the World Health Organization has developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework through which disability is addressed. Herein, we explore paradigm shifts in neurorehabilitation, with a focus on restoration, and provide overviews on developments in neuropharmacology, rehabilitation robotics, virtual reality, constraint-induced therapy and brain stimulation. We also discuss important issues in rehabilitation systems of care, including integrated care pathways, very early rehabilitation, early supported discharge and telerehabilitation. Finally, we highlight major new fields of rehabilitation such as spasticity management, frailty and geriatric rehabilitation, intensive care and cancer rehabilitation.
Topics: Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Rehabilitation; World Health Organization
PubMed: 24154577
DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2013197 -
The Lancet. Public Health May 2024Health systems often fail people with disabilities, which might contribute to their shorter life expectancy and poorer health outcomes than people without disabilities.... (Review)
Review
Health systems often fail people with disabilities, which might contribute to their shorter life expectancy and poorer health outcomes than people without disabilities. This Review provides an overview of the existing evidence on health inequities faced by people with disabilities and describes existing approaches to making health systems disability inclusive. Our Review documents a broad range of health-care inequities for people with disabilities (eg, lower levels of cancer screening), which probably contribute towards health differentials. We identified 90 good practice examples that illustrate current strategies to reduce inequalities. Implementing such strategies could help to ensure that health systems can expect, accept, and connect people with disabilities worldwide, deliver on their right to health, and achieve health for all.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Healthcare Disparities; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 38702096
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00042-2 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... Sep 2019Multimorbidity is a robust predictor of disability in aging adults, but the mechanisms by which multimorbidity is disabling are not clear. Most existing research focuses... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Multimorbidity is a robust predictor of disability in aging adults, but the mechanisms by which multimorbidity is disabling are not clear. Most existing research focuses on disease-specific phenomena, such as diminished lung capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which can result in functional limitations. This review takes a different approach by highlighting the potential role of a biological process-inflammation-that is common to many chronic medical conditions and thus, from a medical perspective, relatively disease nonspecific.
METHOD
Beginning with a description of inflammation and its measurement, this paper will provide an overview of research on inflammation as a predictor of disease risk in healthy adults and of adverse outcomes (e.g., disability) in those with multimorbidity.
RESULTS
The discussion of inflammation is then situated in the context of biopsychosocial influences on health, as inflammation has been shown to be sensitive to a wide range of social and psychological processes that are thought to contribute to healthy aging, including successful adaptation to multimorbidity and reduced risk of disability.
CONCLUSIONS
Finally, implications of this broader perspective for interventions to improve outcomes in aging adults with multimorbidity are briefly considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Disabled Persons; Humans; Inflammation; Multimorbidity
PubMed: 31436464
DOI: 10.1037/hea0000749