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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Aug 2021Attentional, executive, and memory processes play a pivotal role in time perception. As acute or chronic alcohol consumption influences these processes, it should also... (Review)
Review
Attentional, executive, and memory processes play a pivotal role in time perception. As acute or chronic alcohol consumption influences these processes, it should also modify time perception. We systematically reviewed and critically assessed all existing studies on time perception among alcohol drinkers, following the PICOS procedure and PRISMA guidelines. We selected 31 articles, distributed across four populations (i.e., alcohol intoxication, binge/heavy drinking, severe alcohol use disorder [SAUD], and Korsakoff syndrome). Several studies suggested the overestimation or underestimation of time during alcohol intoxication. No direct effect of binge/heavy drinking was observed on time perception, while studies on SAUD reported conflicting results. Participants with Korsakoff syndrome exhibited globally impaired time perception and marked deficits in associated cognitive abilities. This systematic review suggests that alcohol consumption affects time perception only when specific cognitive processes are depleted. However, due to the methodological limitations related to existing studies, no firm conclusion can be drawn. Guidelines and perspectives to advance the field are proposed.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Attention; Ethanol; Humans; Time Perception
PubMed: 33933506
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.027 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Jun 2022Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) virus is a flavivirus that can be transmitted to humans from monkeys or other mammals through hard ticks (Haemaphysalis spinigera). The...
Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) virus is a flavivirus that can be transmitted to humans from monkeys or other mammals through hard ticks (Haemaphysalis spinigera). The disease is endemic to 16 districts in 5 states of Southern India and is reported in the dry season, most commonly in humans travelling to the forests in these areas. The aim of this systematic review is to raise awareness of the clinical and laboratory manifestation of KFD among physicians and travel medicine practitioners. A total of 153 articles were screened of which 16 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for qualitative analysis. KFD is an acute haemorrhagic fever with a biphasic component in some individuals. The second phase is usually marked by neurological symptoms. Leucopoenia, thrombocytopenia and elevated transaminases are the hallmarks of the first phase of KFD. The diagnostic modality of choice in the first few days of illness is polymerase chain reaction assay, whereas serology is used in the late phase. In the absence of a specific antiviral treatment, the clinical management of patients is limited to supportive care. Avoidance of exposure and vaccination is recommended to prevent this infection.
Topics: Animals; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne; Humans; India; Ixodidae; Kyasanur Forest Disease; Leukopenia; Mammals; Travel
PubMed: 33196834
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa310 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Mar 2021Adolescence is a developmental period marked by changes in cognition, emotion, and social relations. For example, sensitivity to social feedback increases as peer... (Review)
Review
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by changes in cognition, emotion, and social relations. For example, sensitivity to social feedback increases as peer relationships become more important yet less stable, leaving adolescents vulnerable to experiences of peer victimization and rejection. Given that prefrontal brain regions responsible for regulatory abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the brain is especially susceptible to environmental influences. As such, exposure to adverse peer experiences may undermine emotion regulation development. Thus, the present review sought to elucidate the association between adverse peer experiences and emotion regulation in adolescence (i.e. age 12-17 years). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of the literature assessing adverse peer experiences (victimization and rejection) and emotion regulation (including neurobiological, behavioral, cognitive levels of analysis) was conducted (N = 27). Results demonstrate that adverse peer experiences are negatively associated with emotion regulation processes, behaviorally and neurally. Although variability in definitions and measurement of constructs make nuanced comparisons between studies difficult, the present systematic review organizes this body of literature and discusses how promising theoretical perspectives, including the cognitive control of emotion model and social information processing theory, may help to explain this association. Finally, recommendations for future work to expand our understanding of these processes, and for intervention and prevention efforts (e.g., school-based violence prevention and socio-emotional learning programs, parenting practices) that may serve to ameliorate outcomes for youths facing adverse peer experiences and emotion dysregulation, are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Bullying; Child; Crime Victims; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans; Peer Group
PubMed: 33428070
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00337-x -
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2023Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with several congenital anomalies, including non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with several congenital anomalies, including non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This systematic review aimed to update the literature on the association between ETS and NSOFCs.
METHODS
Four databases were searched up to March 2022, and studies that evaluated the association between ETS and NSOFCs were selected. Two authors selected the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Comparing the association of maternal exposure to ETS and active parental smoking with NSOFCs allowed for the creation of pooled effect estimates for the included studies.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were deemed eligible for this review, of which 14 were reported in a previous systematic review. Twenty five were case-control studies, and one was a cohort study. In total, these studies included 2142 NSOFC cases compared to 118129 controls. All meta-analyses showed an association between ETS and the risk of having a child with NSOFC, based on the cleft phenotype, risk of bias, and year of publication, with a pooled increased odds ratio of 1.80 (95% CI: 1.51-2.15). These studies had a marked heterogeneity, which decreased upon subgrouping based on the recent year of publication and the risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
ETS exposure was associated with more than a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of having a child with NSOFC, showing a higher odds ratio than paternal and maternal active smoking.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database # CRD42021272909.
PubMed: 37313116
DOI: 10.18332/tid/163177 -
Clinical Psychology Review Apr 2021There has been a marked increase of network studies of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Despite rapidly growing contributions, their findings have yet to be... (Review)
Review
There has been a marked increase of network studies of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Despite rapidly growing contributions, their findings have yet to be systematically aggregated and examined. We therefore conducted a systematic review of depression network studies using PRISMA guidelines. A total of 254 clinical and population studies were collected from ISI's Web of Science and PsycINFO, between January 2010 to May 2020. A total of 23 between-subject studies were included for review, resulting in 58 cross-sectional networks. To determine their most critical symptoms and their connections, we analyzed strength centrality rankings, and aggregated the most robust symptoms connections into a summary network. Results indicated substantial variability between study samples, depression measures, and network features. Fatigue and Depressed Mood were the most central symptoms, while Weight changes tended to have the weakest centrality. Depressed Mood and Fatigue formed two separated symptoms communities characterized by recurrent connections, with Mood-Anhedonia as the most frequent edge of MDD. Network analysis informed our understanding of MDD, suggesting the critical role of Fatigue and Depressed Mood. The study's findings are discussed in their clinical and methodological implications, including future directions for network studies of MDD.
Topics: Affect; Anhedonia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans
PubMed: 33721606
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102000 -
Journal of Robotic Surgery Oct 2023Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard of care for the treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. In the context of the increasing uptake of robotic... (Review)
Review
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard of care for the treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. In the context of the increasing uptake of robotic surgery, robotic cholecystectomy has seen a substantial growth over the past decades. Despite this, a formal assessment of the evidence for this practice remains elusive and a randomised controlled trial is yet to be performed. This paper reviews the evidence to date for robotic multiport cholecystectomy compared to conventional multiport cholecystectomy. This systematic review was performed conducted using the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases; in line with the PRISMA guideline. All articles that compared robotic and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. The studies were assessed with regards to operative outcomes, postoperative recovery and complications. Fourteen studies were included, describing a total of 3002 patients. There was no difference in operative blood loss, complication rates, incidence of bile duct injury or length of hospital stay between the robotic and laparoscopic groups. The operative time for robotic cholecystectomy was longer, whereas the risk of conversion to open surgery was lower. There was marked variation in definitions of measured outcomes, and most studies lacked data on training and quality assessment, leading to substantial heterogeneity of the data. Available evidence on multiport robotic cholecystectomy compared to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy is scarce and the quality of the available studies is generally poor. Results suggest longer operating time for robotic cholecystectomy, although many studies included the learning curve period. Postoperative recovery and complications were similar in both groups.
Topics: Humans; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Robotics; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Cholecystectomy; Laparoscopy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37439902
DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01662-3 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2021All corneal cross-linking techniques attenuated disease progression in patients with pediatric keratoconus for at least one year based on a meta-analysis. A standard and... (Review)
Review
All corneal cross-linking techniques attenuated disease progression in patients with pediatric keratoconus for at least one year based on a meta-analysis. A standard and accelerated technique led to marked improvement in visual acuity. We determined the efficacy and safety of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in pediatric keratoconus by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant studies on the effects of standard, transepithelial, and/or accelerated CXL protocols in patients aged 18 years or younger. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare the data collected at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcomes were maximum keratometry (Kmax) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and the secondary outcomes were the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent or cylindrical refraction. Our search yielded 7913 publications, of which 26 were included in our systematic review and 21 were included in the meta-analysis. Standard CXL significantly improved the Kmax, UCVA, and BCVA, and significantly decreased the TCT. Accelerated CXL significantly improved UCVA and BCVA. In the transepithelial and accelerated-transepithelial CXL methods, each measurable parameter did not change after treatments. All CXL techniques attenuated disease progression in patients with pediatric keratoconus for at least one year. Standard and accelerated CXL led to marked improvement in visual acuity.
PubMed: 34203646
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122626 -
Nutrients Apr 2023The purpose of this study is to understand the conflicting results from previous studies on the association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The purpose of this study is to understand the conflicting results from previous studies on the association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the most recent scientific evidence. A systematic review used three electronic databases to gather literature on the association between carbohydrate intake and CVD. Considering the discrepancies, either fixed or random effect models were chosen to determine the effect size, and sensitivity analysis results, as well as publication bias, were also presented. The meta-analysis found that individuals with the highest carbohydrate intake had a 1.15-fold increased risk of CVD compared to those with the lowest intake (hazard ratio, HR: 1.15, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07-1.23). Further subgroup analysis revealed that this association was only present in Asia, with a 1.52-fold increased risk (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.17-1.97), while no associations were seen in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania. The relationship between carbohydrate intake and CVD was non-linear, with a marked escalation beyond 60% of total energy from carbohydrates. Our findings suggest that a high-carbohydrate diet may raise the risk of CVD, particularly in Asian populations. This association may be due to the higher carbohydrate consumption and genetic variations found in Asia.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Europe; Carbohydrates; Asia; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37049580
DOI: 10.3390/nu15071740 -
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine Nov 2021There is a paucity of data regarding osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond (OLTPs), in part because they are far less common than osteochondral lesions of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of data regarding osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond (OLTPs), in part because they are far less common than osteochondral lesions of the talus.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the topographical characteristics of OLTPs and outcomes after surgical intervention, while analyzing the level of evidence (LOE) and quality of evidence (QOE) of the included studies.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
METHODS
A systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies reporting clinical data for OLTPs were included. The LOE and QOE of the included studies were evaluated using a 5-level grading system and the modified Coleman Methodology Score, respectively.
RESULTS
Included were 20 studies with 426 OLTPs; 4 studies were LOE 2 and 16 studies were LOE 4. Overall, 86.7% of OLTPs were associated with a traumatic history and/or previous ankle sprain. OLTPs were most commonly located in the centromedial region of the tibial plafond (30.4%), with the fewest number of OLTPs found in the anteromedial region of the tibial plafond (3.9%). In 17 of the studies, a total of 46.9% of OLTPs were associated with coexisting osteochondral lesions of the talus. The most frequently used surgical technique to treat OLTPs was microfracture, which resulted in good clinical outcomes at midterm follow-up.
CONCLUSION
The results of this systematic review indicated that OLTPs are frequently preceded by ankle trauma and are often associated with coexisting osteochondral lesions of the talus. Clinical outcomes after arthroscopic intervention appear to produce good results in the midterm, but the low LOE, poor QOE, marked heterogeneity, and underreporting of the data confound any recommendation based on this systematic review.
PubMed: 34778469
DOI: 10.1177/23259671211029208 -
World Neurosurgery Feb 2017Synchronous tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are very rare and inconsistently described. We present 2 cases of contiguous vestibular schwannoma (VS) and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Synchronous tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are very rare and inconsistently described. We present 2 cases of contiguous vestibular schwannoma (VS) and meningioma and a systematic literature review of all multiple CPA tumors.
METHODS
Retrospective chart review and systematic literature review were performed.
RESULTS
A 64-year-old woman and a 42-year-old man presented with symptoms referable to the CPA. Magnetic resonance imaging in both patients revealed 2 separate contiguous tumors. Retrosigmoid craniotomy and tumor removal in each case confirmed VS and meningioma. Systematic literature review identified 42 previous English-language publications describing 46 patients with multiple CPA tumors. Based on Frassanito criteria, there were 4 concomitant tumors (8%), 16 contiguous tumors (33%), 3 collision tumors (6%), 13 mixed tumors (27%), and 11 tumor-to-tumor metastases (23%). Extent of resection was gross total in 16 cases and subtotal in 16 cases (50% each). Unfavorable House-Brackmann grade III-VI function was documented in 27% overall and in 33% of patients with VS and meningioma, a marked increase from the observed range in isolated VS.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple CPA tumors are rare, heterogeneous lesions with a marked predisposition toward poor facial nerve outcomes, potentially attributable to a paracrine mechanism that simultaneously drives multiple tumor growth and increases invasiveness or adhesiveness at the facial nerve-tumor interface. Preceding nomenclature has been confounding and inconsistent; we recommend classifying all multiple CPA tumors as "synchronous tumors," with "schwannoma with meningothelial hyperplasia" or "tumor-to-tumor metastases" reserved for rare, specific circumstances.
Topics: Adult; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Cerebellopontine Angle; Craniotomy; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Neuroma, Acoustic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 27836701
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.002