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International Journal of Infectious... Dec 2022To describe the global trends of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and disease. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To describe the global trends of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and disease.
METHODS
A systematic review of studies including culture-based NTM data over time. Studies reporting on pulmonary NTM infection and/or disease were included. Information on the use of guideline-based criteria for disease were collected, in which, infection is defined as the absence of symptoms and radiological findings compatible with NTM pulmonary disease. The trends of change for incidence/prevalence were evaluated using linear regressions, and the corresponding pooled estimates were calculated.
RESULTS
Most studies reported increasing pulmonary NTM infection (82.1%) and disease (66.7%) trends. The overall annual rate of change for NTM infection and disease per 100,000 persons/year was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-4.8) and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.2-5.0), respectively. For absolute numbers of NTM infection and disease, the overall annual change was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6-2.3) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3-0.7), respectively. An increasing trend was also seen for Mycobacterium avium complex infection (n = 15/19, 78.9%) and disease (n = 10/12, 83.9%) and for Mycobacterium abscessus complex (n = 15/23, 65.2%) infection (n = 11/17, 64.7%) but less so for disease (n = 2/8, 25.0%).
CONCLUSION
Our data indicate an overall increase in NTM worldwide for both infection and disease. The explanation to this phenomenon warrants further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Mycobacterium abscessus; Lung Diseases; Pneumonia
PubMed: 36244600
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.013 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Jan 2020Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus can lead to cervical dysplasia and cancer. Recent studies have suggested associations between the composition of...
BACKGROUND
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus can lead to cervical dysplasia and cancer. Recent studies have suggested associations between the composition of the vaginal microbiota, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and progression to cervical dysplasia and cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To assess how specific cervico-vaginal microbiota compositions are associated with HPV infection, cervical dysplasia and cancer, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (registered in PROSPERO: CRD42018112862).
SEARCH STRATEGY
PubMed, Web of science, Embase and Cochrane database.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All original studies describing at least two community state types of bacteria (CST), based on molecular techniques enabling identification of bacteria, and reporting the association with HPV infection, cervical dysplasia and/or cervical cancer.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
For the meta-analysis, a network map was constructed to provide an overview of the network relationships and to assess how many studies provided direct evidence for the different vaginal microbiota compositions and HPV, cervical dysplasia or cancer. Thereafter, the consistency of the model was assessed, and forest plots were constructed to pool and summarise the available evidence, presenting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
MAIN RESULTS
Vaginal microbiota dominated by non-Lactobacilli species or Lactobacillus iners were associated with three to five times higher odds of any prevalent HPV and two to three times higher for high-risk HPV and dysplasia/cervical cancer compared with Lactobacillus crispatus.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest an association between certain bacterial community types of the vaginal microbiota and HPV infection and HPV-related disease. This may be useful for guiding treatment options or serve as biomarkers for HPV-related disease.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
This network meta-analysis suggests an association between different vaginal bacterial community types and the risk of HPV.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Network Meta-Analysis; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vagina; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 31237400
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15854 -
Oral Diseases Jan 2023Periodontitis is a chronic non-communicable disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota. Pathogens can spread to the bloodstream, colonize other tissues or organs, and... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a chronic non-communicable disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota. Pathogens can spread to the bloodstream, colonize other tissues or organs, and favor the onset of other pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathogens could permanently or transiently colonize the brain and induce an immune response. Thus, we analyzed the evidence combining oral bacteria's detection in the brain, both in animals and humans affected with AD. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guideline. Studies that detected oral bacteria at the brain level were selected. The search was carried out in the Medline, Latindex, SciELO, and Cochrane Library databases. SYRCLE tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for the risk of bias assessment. 23 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria. Infection with oral pathogens in animals was related to developing neuropathological characteristics of AD and bacteria detection in the brain. In patients with AD, oral bacteria were detected in brain tissues, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also detected. There is evidence of a microbiological susceptibility to develop AD when the most dysbiosis-associated oral bacteria are present. The presence of bacteria in the brain is related to AD's pathological characteristics, suggesting an etiological oral-brain axis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Periodontitis; Bacteria; Microbiota; Brain; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 34698406
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14054 -
Andrology Jan 2021Male factor is attributable in up to 50% of cases of infertility. In vitro studies demonstrate that bacteria can negatively impact sperm function. The use of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Male factor is attributable in up to 50% of cases of infertility. In vitro studies demonstrate that bacteria can negatively impact sperm function. The use of next-generation sequencing techniques has provided a better understanding of the human microbiome, and dysbiosis has been reported to impact health. Evidence regarding the impact of the semen microbiome on sperm function and fertility remains conflicting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The databases MEDLINE, OVID and PubMed were searched to identify English language studies related to the identification of bacteria in the semen of infertile and fertile men, between 1992 and 2019. Fifty-five observational studies were included, with 51 299 subjects. We included studies identifying bacteria using next-generation sequencing, culture or polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
The semen microbiome was rich and diverse in both fertile and infertile men. Three NGS studies reported clustering of the seminal microbiome with a predominant species. Lactobacillus and Prevotella were dominant in respective clusters. Lactobacillus was associated with improvements in semen parameters. Prevotella appeared to exert a negative effect on sperm quality. Bacteriospermia negatively impacted sperm concentration and progressive motility, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI; MD: 3.518, 95% CI: 0.907 to 6.129, P = .008). There was an increased prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum in infertile men (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.47-3.46). Ureaplasma urealyticum negatively impacted concentration and morphology. There was no difference in the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis between fertile and infertile men and no significant impact on semen parameters. Enterococcus faecalis negatively impacted total motility, and Mycoplasma hominis negatively impacted concentration, PM and morphology.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Ureaplasma urealyticum, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycoplasma hominis and Prevotella negatively impact semen parameters, whereas Lactobacillus appears to protect sperm quality. These findings may facilitate the development of novel therapies (eg probiotics), although the evidence regarding the impact of the seminal microbiome on fertility is inconclusive and further studies are needed to investigate this association.
Topics: Fertility; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Microbiota; Semen; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 32794312
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12886 -
Experimental Dermatology Oct 2021Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and dandruff (DF) are common chronic inflammatory skin diseases characterized by recurrent greasy scales, sometimes with erythema and...
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and dandruff (DF) are common chronic inflammatory skin diseases characterized by recurrent greasy scales, sometimes with erythema and itchiness. Although the exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unclear, current theories highlight the role of microbes on the skin surface in the pathogenesis of SD. Here, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the skin microbiome alterations in patients with SD/DF. We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for research studies published in English between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2020. A total of 12 studies with 706 SD/DF samples and 379 healthy samples were included in this study. The scalp and face were predominated by the fungi of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and the bacteria of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. In general, the included studies demonstrated an increased Malassezia restricta/Malassezia globosa ratio and a reduction in the Cutibaterium/Staphylococcus ratio in the setting of SD/DF. Staphylococcus was associated with epidermal barrier damage, including elevated levels of trans-epidermal water loss and pH, while Cutibacterium had a positive correlation with water content. Malassezia was also found to be related to an increased itching score and disease severity. Further studies focusing on the interactions between various microbes and the host and microbes can help us to better understand the pathogenesis of SD/DF.
Topics: Dandruff; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Humans; Microbiota; Skin
PubMed: 34415635
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14450 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022Bacteriophages offer an alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial diseases as their mechanism of action differs from that of antibiotics. However,... (Review)
Review
Bacteriophages offer an alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial diseases as their mechanism of action differs from that of antibiotics. However, their application in the clinical field is limited to specific cases of patients with few or no other alternative therapies. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness and safety of phage therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria through the evaluation of studies published over the past decade. To that end, a bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Of the 1500 studies found, 27 met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 165 treated patients. Treatment effectiveness, defined as the reduction in or elimination of the bacterial load, was 85%. Except for two patients who died from causes unrelated to phage therapy, no serious adverse events were reported. This shows that phage therapy could be an alternative treatment for patients with infections associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, owing to the phage specificity required for the treatment of various bacterial strains, this therapy must be personalized in terms of bacteriophage type, route of administration, and dosage.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriophages; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Phage Therapy
PubMed: 35562968
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094577 -
Epidemiology and Infection Nov 2017Psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the transmission of the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci from birds to humans. Infections in humans mainly present as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the transmission of the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci from birds to humans. Infections in humans mainly present as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, most cases of CAP are treated without diagnostic testing, and the importance of C. psittaci infection as a cause of CAP is therefore unclear. In this meta-analysis of published CAP-aetiological studies, we estimate the proportion of CAP caused by C. psittaci infection. The databases MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched for relevant studies published from 1986 onwards. Only studies that consisted of 100 patients or more were included. In total, 57 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. C. psittaci was the causative pathogen in 1·03% (95% CI 0·79-1·30) of all CAP cases from the included studies combined, with a range between studies from 0 to 6·7%. For burden of disease estimates, it is a reasonable assumption that 1% of incident cases of CAP are caused by psittacosis.
Topics: Chlamydophila psittaci; Community-Acquired Infections; Humans; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Psittacosis
PubMed: 28946931
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268817002060 -
Nutrients Jul 2021The human gut microbiota are the microorganisms (generally bacteria and archaea) that live in the digestive tracts of humans. Due to their numerous functions, the gut...
The human gut microbiota are the microorganisms (generally bacteria and archaea) that live in the digestive tracts of humans. Due to their numerous functions, the gut microbiota can be considered a virtual organ of the body, playing a pivotal role in health maintenance. Dietary habits contribute to gut microbiota composition, and evidence from observational and intervention studies suggest that vegan diets may promote health, potentially through affecting the diverse ecosystem of beneficial bacteria in the gut. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus to identify studies investigating the microbiota composition in vegans. Vegans are defined as people excluding food products that are derived from animals from their diet. Nine observational studies were identified. The main outcome of the systematic review was an increase in Bacteroidetes on the phylum level and a higher abundance of on the genus level. In conclusion, the present systematic literature review highlighted some benefits of a vegan diet but also demonstrated the complexity of evaluating results from gut microbiota research. The available evidence only consisted of cross-sectional studies, therefore suggesting the need for well-designed randomised controlled trials. Furthermore, the quality assessment of the studies included in the review suggested a lack of standardised and validated methods for participant selection as well as for faecal sampling and faecal analysis.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Vegan; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 34371912
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072402 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jan 2019The vaginal microbiota may modulate susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infections.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The vaginal microbiota and its association with human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The vaginal microbiota may modulate susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infections. Persistent infection with a carcinogenic HPV is a prerequisite for cervical cancer, and C. trachomatis, N. gonorrheae and M. genitalium genital infections are all associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and subsequent infertility issues.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the association between these infections and the vaginal microbiota.
DATA SOURCES
The search was conducted on Medline and the Web of Science for articles published between 2000 and 2016.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Inclusion criteria included a measure of association for vaginal microbiota and one of the considered STIs, female population, cohort, cross-sectional and interventional designs, and the use of PCR methods for pathogen detection.
METHODS
The vaginal microbiota was dichotomized into high-Lactobacillus vaginal microbiota (HL-VMB) and low-Lactobacillus vaginal microbiota (LL-VMB), using either Nugent score, Amsel's criteria, presence of clue cells or gene sequencing. A random effects model assuming heterogeneity among the studies was used for each STI considered.
RESULTS
The search yielded 1054 articles, of which 39 met the inclusion criteria. Measures of association with LL-VMB ranged from 0.6 (95% CI 0.3-1.2) to 2.8 (95% CI 0.3-28.0), 0.7 (95% CI 0.4-1.2) to 5.2 (95% CI 1.9-14.8), 0.8 (95% CI 0.5-1.4) to 3.8 (95% CI 0.4-36.2) and 0.4 (95% CI 0.1-1.5) to 6.1 (95% CI 2.0-18.5) for HPV, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium infections, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Although no clear trend for N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium infections could be detected, our results support a protective role of HL-VMB for HPV and C. trachomatis. Overall, these findings advocate for the use of high-resolution characterization methods for the vaginal microbiota and the need for longitudinal studies to lay the foundation for its integration in prevention and treatment strategies.
Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Microbial Interactions; Microbiota; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Papillomaviridae; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Vagina
PubMed: 29729331
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.019 -
Gastroenterology Mar 2020Altering the intestinal microbiota has been proposed as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but there are no established associations between specific...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Altering the intestinal microbiota has been proposed as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but there are no established associations between specific microbes and IBD. We performed a systematic review to identify frequent associations.
METHODS
We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, through April 2, 2018 for studies that compared intestinal microbiota (from fecal or colonic or ileal tissue samples) among patients (adult or pediatric) with IBD vs healthy individuals (controls). The primary outcome was difference in specific taxa in fecal or intestinal tissue samples from patients with IBD vs controls. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the quality of studies included in the review.
RESULTS
We identified 2631 citations; 48 studies from 45 articles were included in the analysis. Most studies evaluated adults with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. All 3 studies of Christensenellaceae and Coriobacteriaceae and 6 of 11 studies of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii reported a decreased amount of those organisms compared with controls, whereas 2 studies each of Actinomyces, Veillonella, and Escherichia coli revealed an increased amount in patients with Crohn's disease. For patients with ulcerative colitis, Eubacterium rectale and Akkermansia were decreased in all 3 studies, whereas E coli was increased in 4 of 9 studies. The microbiota diversity was either decreased or not different in patients with IBD vs controls. Fewer than 50% of the studies stated comparable sexes and ages of cases and controls.
CONCLUSIONS
In a systematic review, we found evidence for differences in abundances of some bacteria in patients with IBD vs controls, but we cannot make conclusions due to inconsistent results and methods among studies. Further large-scale studies, with better methods of assessing microbe populations, are needed.
Topics: Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestines
PubMed: 31812509
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.294