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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 2015A pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the... (Review)
Review
A pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. The first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. The rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. The shell vial procedure allowed the culture of new species of Rickettsia. The design of axenic media for growing fastidious bacteria such as Tropheryma whipplei and Coxiella burnetii and the ability of amoebal coculture to discover new bacteria constituted major advances. Strong efforts associating optimized culture media, detection methods, and a microaerophilic atmosphere allowed a dramatic decrease of the time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. The use of a new versatile medium allowed an extension of the repertoire of archaea. Finally, to optimize the culture of anaerobes in routine bacteriology laboratories, the addition of antioxidants in culture media under an aerobic atmosphere allowed the growth of strictly anaerobic species. Nevertheless, among usual bacterial pathogens, the development of axenic media for the culture of Treponema pallidum or Mycobacterium leprae remains an important challenge that the patience and innovations of cultivators will enable them to overcome.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Culture Media; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Microbiology
PubMed: 25567228
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00110-14 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jun 2022
Topics: Bacteriology; Microbiology
PubMed: 35583338
DOI: 10.1128/jb.00153-22 -
Microbial Biotechnology Mar 2021
Topics: Biotechnology; China; Industrial Microbiology; Microbiology
PubMed: 33609328
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13777 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Nov 2021Becoming and staying competent is a challenge in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases because of dramatic increases in medical knowledge, discovery of new... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Becoming and staying competent is a challenge in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases because of dramatic increases in medical knowledge, discovery of new pathogens, emerging infections, new resistance mechanisms and laboratory techniques. E-learning is an effective way of meeting educational needs by providing more efficient and flexible training. E-learning resources have become more important to acquire new knowledge and skills, especially at a time of physical distancing.
OBJECTIVES
This review aims to summarize the implementation of e-learning in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases with references to existing examples and resources.
SOURCES
Literature and online resources for e-learning, online teaching/education in medical education, clinical microbiology and infectious diseases.
CONTENT
The principles and common methods of e-learning and frequently used digital tools are described. For all aspects of e-learning/distance learning, available resources and examples of applications in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases are presented.
IMPLICATIONS
The techniques, tools and resources described in this article should be considered for the development and implementation of e-learning programmes in clinical microbiology and infectious disease training.
Topics: Computer-Assisted Instruction; Curriculum; Education, Distance; Humans; Infectious Disease Medicine; Learning; Microbiology
PubMed: 34058378
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.010 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2014The clinical microbiology laboratory has responsibilities ranging from characterizing the causative agent in a patient's infection to helping detect global disease... (Review)
Review
The clinical microbiology laboratory has responsibilities ranging from characterizing the causative agent in a patient's infection to helping detect global disease outbreaks. All of these processes are increasingly becoming partnered more intimately with informatics. Effective application of informatics tools can increase the accuracy, timeliness, and completeness of microbiology testing while decreasing the laboratory workload, which can lead to optimized laboratory workflow and decreased costs. Informatics is poised to be increasingly relevant in clinical microbiology, with the advent of total laboratory automation, complex instrument interfaces, electronic health records, clinical decision support tools, and the clinical implementation of microbial genome sequencing. This review discusses the diverse informatics aspects that are relevant to the clinical microbiology laboratory, including the following: the microbiology laboratory information system, decision support tools, expert systems, instrument interfaces, total laboratory automation, telemicrobiology, automated image analysis, nucleic acid sequence databases, electronic reporting of infectious agents to public health agencies, and disease outbreak surveillance. The breadth and utility of informatics tools used in clinical microbiology have made them indispensable to contemporary clinical and laboratory practice. Continued advances in technology and development of these informatics tools will further improve patient and public health care in the future.
Topics: Automation, Laboratory; Clinical Laboratory Information Systems; Disease Notification; Humans; Medical Informatics; Microbiological Techniques; Microbiology
PubMed: 25278581
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00049-14 -
Molecular Oral Microbiology Jun 2016
Topics: Biofilms; Biomedical Research; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Microbiology; Mouth; Switzerland
PubMed: 27060561
DOI: 10.1111/omi.12156 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2016The ubiquity of devices that connect to the Internet has exploded, allowing for easy dissemination of information. Many teachers from kindergarten to universities use... (Review)
Review
The ubiquity of devices that connect to the Internet has exploded, allowing for easy dissemination of information. Many teachers from kindergarten to universities use the information obtained online or post material they want their students to access. Online media readily places articles, books, videos, and games at our fingertips. The public in general also gathers health information from the Internet. The following review will explore what has been published regarding microbiology education and learning online and the use of electronic media by microbiologists for scientific purposes.
Topics: Education, Medical; Health Education; Humans; Internet; Microbiology
PubMed: 26935727
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.03176-15 -
Comptes Rendus Biologies Nov 2022Louis Pasteur was born in Dole on December 27, 1822. The Pasteur family left the town of Dole in August 1825. After five years in Marnoz, Jean-Joseph Pasteur rented a...
Louis Pasteur was born in Dole on December 27, 1822. The Pasteur family left the town of Dole in August 1825. After five years in Marnoz, Jean-Joseph Pasteur rented a tannery in Arbois in 1830.In the 1831 register of house visits, he is mentioned at 83 rue de Courcelles: "Pasteur Jean-Joseph, tanner, age 39, from Besançon. Jeanne Etiennette Roqui his wife, 37 years old, from Marnoz 4 children: Jeanne-Antoine 11 years old. Louis 9 years old. Joséphine 5 years old. Emilie 3 years old. A worker, Eloy Dole, 25 years old, from Poligny". At that time, Arbois and its suburbs had nearly 7000 inhabitants. The young Pasteur first attended the mutual education school and then the municipal college. After failing in Paris in 1838 to prepare for the baccalaureate, Pasteur studied rhetoric in Arbois and then, in 1839, at the royal college in Besançon. In 1842, Pasteur entered the École normale supérieure. In 1849 he became a professor at the faculty of Strasbourg, 1854 professor and dean of the new faculty of sciences of Lille, 1857 Pasteur was at the Ecole normale supérieure as administrator and director of scientific studies.In spite of his high functions, Pasteur and his family always came back to Arbois, it was a return to their roots."If there is no Arbois, there is no Pasteur," said the writer and academician Erik Orsenna.
Topics: Humans; Famous Persons; Microbiology
PubMed: 36852601
DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.84 -
MBio May 2017The field of microbiology has experienced significant growth due to transformative advances in technology and the influx of scientists driven by a curiosity to...
The field of microbiology has experienced significant growth due to transformative advances in technology and the influx of scientists driven by a curiosity to understand how microbes sustain myriad biochemical processes that maintain Earth. With this explosion in scientific output, a significant bottleneck has been the ability to rapidly disseminate new knowledge to peers and the public. Preprints have emerged as a tool that a growing number of microbiologists are using to overcome this bottleneck. Posting preprints can help to transparently recruit a more diverse pool of reviewers prior to submitting to a journal for formal peer review. Although the use of preprints is still limited in the biological sciences, early indications are that preprints are a robust tool that can complement and enhance peer-reviewed publications. As publishing moves to embrace advances in Internet technology, there are many opportunities for preprints and peer-reviewed journals to coexist in the same ecosystem.
Topics: Information Dissemination; Microbiology; Publishing
PubMed: 28536284
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00438-17 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Nov 2021There is wide variation in the availability and training of specialists in the diagnosis and management of infections across Europe. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is wide variation in the availability and training of specialists in the diagnosis and management of infections across Europe.
OBJECTIVES
To describe and reflect on the current objectives, structure and content of European curricula and examinations for the training and assessment of medical specialists in Clinical (Medical) Microbiology (CM/MM) and Infectious Diseases (ID).
SOURCES
Narrative review of developments over the past two decades and related policy documents and scientific literature.
CONTENT
Responsibility for curricula and examinations lies with the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). The ID Section of UEMS was inaugurated in 1997 and the MM Section separated from Laboratory Medicine in 2008. The sections collaborate closely with each other and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). Updated European Training Requirements (ETR) were approved for MM in 2017 and ID in 2018. These comprehensive curricula outline the framework for delivery of specialist training and quality control for trainers and training programmes, emphasizing the need for documented, regular formative reviews of progress of trainees. Competencies to be achieved include both specialty-related and generic knowledge, skills and professional behaviours. The indicative length of training is typically 5 years; a year of clinical training is mandated for CM/MM trainees and 6 months of microbiology laboratory training for ID trainees. Each Section is developing examinations using multiple choice questions to test the knowledge base defined in their ETR, to be delivered in 2022 following pilot examinations in 2021.
IMPLICATIONS
The revised ETRs and European examinations for medical specialists in CM/MM and ID provide benchmarks for national authorities to adapt or adopt locally. Through harmonization of postgraduate training and assessment, they support the promotion and recognition of high standards of clinical practice and hence improved care for patients throughout Europe, and improved mobility of trainees and specialists.
Topics: Curriculum; Europe; European Union; Humans; Infectious Disease Medicine; Microbiology; Specialization
PubMed: 34260952
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.009