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Preventive Veterinary Medicine Nov 2023Bovine paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Here, a systematic literature review was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Bovine paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Here, a systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the bovine paratuberculosis distribution and associated risk factors in China before 2022. The databases CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were used to search for articles. The random effect model of the "Meta" package of "R" software was used, and the Arcsine transformation was chosen for the rate conversion analysis. To reveal the factors that led to research heterogeneity, the research data were used for subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression analysis. Among the 1238 identified articles, 54 met the eligibility criteria. Based on data obtained from the selected articles, the combined positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 6.95% in China. In the sampling year subgroup, the positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis before 2013 was 4.94%, which was lower than in other time periods. In the sampling season subgroup, the highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis in cattle was 14.60% in the autumn. Furthermore, in the detection method subgroup, the highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 7.21%, which was detected by using ELISA. In the age subgroup, the positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 17.47% in cattle > 12 months old, significantly higher than other age subgroups. The highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 11.35% for female cattle in the gender subgroup, while in the geographic region subgroup, the highest positive rate was 8.12% for East China, which was significantly higher than in other regions. The highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was for dairy cattle (8.00%), and the highest positive rate by rearing method was 11.03% for non-scale farming. The effects of different geographical and climatic factors on the positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis were evaluated. In summary, we recommend focusing on screening cattle infected with MAP in warm and humid areas.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Female; Paratuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Prevalence; Cattle Diseases; China
PubMed: 37890218
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106043 -
Infectious Diseases (London, England) Jul 2016Background Several case series have reported on clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) caused by non-tuberculous... (Review)
Review
Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria: Predisposing conditions and clinical characteristics of six cases and a review of 63 cases in the literature.
Background Several case series have reported on clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). However, only a few patients were included, and systematic reviews are still lacking. The aim of this study was to update and summarise the pre-disposing conditions, clinical and radiographic characteristics of such cases due to NTM. Methods In this study, a systematic review was conducted of the English-language literature from 1961-2014 to investigate the pre-disposing conditions and characteristics of cases of VO due to NTM. Also, six additional cases diagnosed in the study hospitals were described; these cases are included in an analysis of a total of 69 cases of NTM VO. Results The most common species, regardless of the presence of HIV co-infection, was M. avium Complex followed by M. xenopi. Ten cases with HIV infection had a median CD4 lymphocyte count of 320/mm(3) (range = 41-465/mm(3)) at the time of diagnosis of NTM VO. The VO in the cases with HIV infections occurred at an earlier age and more often involved the thoracic spine than in the cases without HIV infection. Pre-disposing trauma or surgery was reported in 14.5% (10/69) of the cases. A variety of immunosuppressive diseases were observed in 49.3% of the patients, including the 10 with HIV infections and corticosteroids were used in 27.5% of the cases. Surgery was performed in 67.6% and improvement was reported in 80.6%. Conclusion NTM should be considered in immunocompromised patients with indolent VO without confirmation of tuberculosis.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Osteomyelitis; Tuberculosis, Spinal
PubMed: 27002256
DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2016.1158418 -
Microorganisms Aug 2021This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of pre-harvest interventions to control the main foodborne pathogens in pork in the European Union. A total of... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of pre-harvest interventions to control the main foodborne pathogens in pork in the European Union. A total of 1180 studies were retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science for 15 pathogens identified as relevant in EFSA's scientific opinion on the public health hazards related to pork (2011). The study selection focused on controlled studies where a cause-effect could be attributed to the interventions tested, and their effectiveness could be inferred. Altogether, 52 studies published from 1983 to 2020 regarding spp., , Methicillin-resistant , , and spp. were retained and analysed. Research was mostly focused on ( = 43 studies). In-feed and/or water treatments, and vaccination were the most tested interventions and were, overall, successful. However, the previously agreed criteria for this systematic review excluded other effective interventions to control and other pathogens, like , which is one of the most relevant biological hazards in pork. Examples of such successful interventions are the Specific Pathogen Free herd principle, stamping out and repopulating with disease-free animals. Research on other pathogens (i.e., Hepatitis E, and ) was scarce, with publications focusing on epidemiology, risk factors and/or observational studies. Overall, high herd health coupled with good management and biosecurity were effective to control or prevent most foodborne pathogens in pork at the pre-harvest level.
PubMed: 34576721
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091825 -
Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks Dec 2023Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause diseases not only in individuals with compromised immune systems but also in those with normal immune function. This study...
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause diseases not only in individuals with compromised immune systems but also in those with normal immune function. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of NTM in Türkiye and worldwide between 2012 and 2022. This study was designed following the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedure. A systematic search was conducted between January 2012 and September 2022 using different electronic databases, including Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Ebsco, Scopus, Türk Medline, and Google Scholar. During the literature review process, titles and abstracts were examined and the full texts of the studies were accessed. In 13 research articles from Türkiye included in the study, a total of 17.293 samples were studied and a total of 1304 NTM (7.54%) strains were isolated from these samples. Among the 1304 NTM strains reported from Türkiye, the top three most frequently isolated species were M. abscessus (29.83%), M. lentiflavum (14.97%), M. fortuitum (14.38%). In 35 studies included from around the world, a total of 512.626 samples were studied and a total of 12.631 NTM (2.46%) strains were isolated from these samples. Among the 12631 NTM strains isolated, the top three most frequently isolated species were M. intracellulare (28.13%), M. avium (17.70%) and M. abscessus (14.88%). This study unveiled the global prevalence of NTM-infected patients, detailing species distribution and microbiological diagnostic methods. Variations in NTM spread were observed, influenced by diverse factors.
Topics: Humans; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Prevalence; Turkey
PubMed: 38152011
DOI: 10.5578/tt.20239609 -
BMJ Open Aug 2022To accurately estimate the global prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in adults with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis and to determine the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To accurately estimate the global prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in adults with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis and to determine the proportion of NTM species and subspecies in clinical patients from 2006 to 2021.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for articles published between 2006 and 2021.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
We included all the prospective or retrospective studies without language restrictions and all patients were adults (≥18 years of age) with non-CF bronchiectasis. The studies estimated the effect size of the prevalence of NTM with a sample size ≥40, and patients were registered in and after 2006.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers screened the titles, abstracts and full texts independently. Relevant information was extracted and curated into tables. Risk of bias was evaluated following the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Meta-analysis was performed with software R Statistics V.3.6.3 using random effect model with 95% CI. I index and Q statistics were calculated to assess the heterogeneity, and mixed-effects meta-regression analyses were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. The proportions of NTM subspecies were examined using Shapiro-Wilk normality test in R.
RESULTS
Of all the 2014 studies yielded, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 14 were identified to be randomised controlled studies and included for an accurate estimation. The global prevalence of NTM in adults with non-CF bronchiectasis from 2006 to 2021 was estimated to be approximately 10%, with great variations primarily due to geographical location. complex was the most common subspecies, followed by and .
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of NTM in adults with non-CF bronchiectasis has been on the rise and the most common subspecies changed greatly in recent years. More cohort studies should be done in many countries and regions for future estimates.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020168473.
Topics: Adult; Bronchiectasis; Fibrosis; Humans; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35914904
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055672 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 2020In industrialized countries, Mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are major causes of opportunistic infection-related deaths in HIV... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
In industrialized countries, Mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are major causes of opportunistic infection-related deaths in HIV patients. However, in resource-limited regions, data on NTM are scarce, and tuberculosis (TB) was often assumed to be the cause of death in HIV patients with a positive acid-fast smear. We searched MEDLINE and Embase databases for studies on autopsied HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa published between January 1997 and April 2020. We included studies that reported histopathological or microbiological evidences for diagnosis of TB and NTM infection. We excluded articles without mycobacterial evidence from culture or molecular testing, such as those that used verbal autopsy, death certificates, or national registry data (systematic review registration number: CRD42019129836 at PROSPERO). We included six eligible studies that reported 391 autopsies in sub-Saharan African HIV patients. The prevalence of NTM and TB at autopsy ranged from 1.3% to 27.3% and 11.8% to 48.7%, respectively. The weighted prevalence ratio of NTM versus TB was 0.16 indicating that for every seven HIV patients died with mycobacterial infections, there was one died with NTM infection. Of the 13 NTM infections, six were caused by M. avium complex. Mycobacterium avium complex and other NTM infections are important differential diagnoses of TB at the time of death among HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings highlight the need to systematically survey the prevalence of NTM infections among HIV patients seeking medical care in resource-limited regions.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Autopsy; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Prevalence; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 33241786
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0973 -
Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism Aug 2021While MAC native joint septic arthritis is historically considered a rare entity, the number of reported cases have increased in recent decades. However, no...
INTRODUCTION
While MAC native joint septic arthritis is historically considered a rare entity, the number of reported cases have increased in recent decades. However, no comprehensive review of this topic has been conducted.
OBJECTIVES
To conduct a systematic review of cases of MAC native joint septic arthritis reported in the literature and summarize the presentations, baseline characteristics, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and treatment outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted by performing an extensive literature search through Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, starting from their inception. Screening of articles, assessment of eligibility, and data synthesis from eligible articles were independently performed by two reviewers with input from a third reviewer to achieve consensus. Inclusion criteria to determine eligibility included articles in English, case reports/case series, adult patients who presented with MAC/MA/MI septic arthritis of a native joint. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
RESULTS
Thirty-three cases of MAC native joint septic arthritis were reported since 1976. MAC septic arthritis affects immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, most frequently as a monoarthritis involving the knees and wrist. MAC septic arthritis may present in the context of disseminated MAC infection and primary MAC septic arthritis. The average time to diagnosis from onset of symptoms was 20 months, where the majority of cases were initially misdiagnosed. Although arthrocentesis can be used to make the diagnosis, a synovial biopsy is necessary in many cases to confirm the diagnosis. A combination of surgery and antimycobacterial drug treatment has the highest chance of achieving complete resolution.
CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of septic arthritis of native joints due to MAC can be challenging and/or delayed. A high level of suspicion is needed in high-risk patients and also when atypical presentations occur. Therefore, understanding the presentation, risk factors, and pitfalls in diagnosing MAC septic arthritis are essential. MAC septic arthritis literature is scarce, necessitating further research of this rare condition to increase awareness, diagnostic accuracy and determine the optimal treatment strategy to improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
PubMed: 34153895
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.05.012 -
Infectious Diseases (London, England) Feb 2019Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is often disseminated and mainly involves lymph nodes, spleen, liver or bone marrow. Peritonitis due to MAC infection (PMAC)...
BACKGROUND
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is often disseminated and mainly involves lymph nodes, spleen, liver or bone marrow. Peritonitis due to MAC infection (PMAC) is a very uncommon manifestation.
METHODS
In this report, after describing the case of the only PMAC infection in our 10-year retrospective study, which occurred in an AIDS patient who was non-adherent to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we performed a systematic literature review of documented bacteriological PMAC.
RESULTS
Including our patient, 51 cases of PMAC have been reported. Patients were most often male (sex ratio 2.14), with a median age of 41 years (2.8-72) and an immunodeficiency in all cases, most often AIDS (57%), cirrhosis (20%) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (18%). Ascites was more often chylous (54%) than exudative (46%) and, in this case, lymphocytic (60%), with an inconstantly positive acid-fast bacilli smear (54%). Non-disseminated PMAC patients were more likely to have peritoneal dialysis (39% versus 6.5%, p < .01) or cancer with immunosuppressive therapy (39% versus 0%, p < .0001), while AIDS was the leading underlying disease in disseminated-PMAC patients (83% versus 11%, p < .001). Mortality was high (50%), with no difference between disseminated and non-disseminated PMAC.
CONCLUSIONS
This report highlights the need to be aware of an atypical presentation of PMAC infection, which is associated with a high rate of mortality even for non-disseminated infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Peritonitis; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 30318980
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1519639 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2018The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in apparently immune-competent people is increasing...
BACKGROUND
The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in apparently immune-competent people is increasing worldwide. We performed a systematic review of the published literature on five-year all-cause mortality in patients with MAC lung disease, and pooled the mortality rates to give an overall estimate of five-year mortality from these studies.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the literature up to 1st August 2017 using PubMed® and ProQuest Dialog™ to search Medline® and Embase® databases, respectively. Eligible studies contained > 10 patients with MAC, and numerical five-year mortality data or a treatment evaluation for this patient group. Mortality data were extracted and analysed to determine a pooled estimate of all-cause mortality.
RESULTS
Fourteen of 1035 identified studies, comprising 17 data sets with data from a total of 9035 patients, were eligible. The pooled estimate of five-year all-cause mortality was 27% (95% CI 21.3-37.8%). A high degree of heterogeneity was observed (I = 96%). The mortality in the data sets varied between 10 and 48%. Studies predominantly including patients with cavitary disease or greater comorbidity reported a higher risk of death. Patients in Asian studies tended to have a lower mortality risk. Predictors of mortality consistent across studies included male sex, presence of comorbidities and advanced patient age.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite high heterogeneity, most studies in patients with MAC pulmonary disease document a five-year all-cause mortality exceeding 25%, indicating poor prognosis. These findings emphasise the need for more effective management and additional prospective mortality data collection.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Lung Diseases; Mortality; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
PubMed: 29724184
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3113-x -
Chest Apr 2018Pulmonary disease (PD) caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is increasing worldwide. We conducted a systematic review of studies that include microbiologic...
OBJECTIVE
Pulmonary disease (PD) caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is increasing worldwide. We conducted a systematic review of studies that include microbiologic outcomes to evaluate current macrolide-based treatment regimens.
METHODS
We searched literature published before April 2017 by using the MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Risk of bias in randomized trials was assessed using the Cochrane tool.
RESULTS
We retrieved 333 citations and evaluated 42 studies including 2,748 patients: 18 studies were retrospective chart reviews, 18 were prospective, and six were randomized. The weighted average proportion of sputum culture conversions in macrolide-containing regimens after subtracting posttreatment microbiologic recurrences was 52.3% (95% CI, 44.7%-59.9%). Using the triple-drug regimens recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) achieved treatment success in 61.4% (95% CI, 49.7%-72.5%), which further increased to 65.7% (95% CI, 53.3%-77.4%) when drugs were taken for at least 1 year by patients who were macrolide susceptible and had previously untreated MAC. The overall risk of bias was low in five of the six randomized trials. However, selective outcome reporting because of a posteriori exclusion of initially included patients (14.0%), uncompleted treatment (17.6%), and inconsistent use of outcome parameters (17 definitions of treatment success) hampered the comparison of nonrandomized trials.
CONCLUSIONS
To date, randomized studies on treatment outcome in patients with MAC PD are scarce. Long-term treatments with ATS-recommended regimens for patients who are macrolide susceptible are superior to other macrolide-based therapies. A standardized definition of treatment success and genotypic distinction between reinfection and relapse by means of pretreatment and posttreatment identification of MAC species in cases of microbiologic recurrences may help to optimize evaluation of treatment regimens in the future.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Epidemiologic Methods; Humans; Lung Diseases; Macrolides; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Sputum; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 29410162
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.01.024