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Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the... 2020Celiac disease is characterized by deficits in bone mineral accrual and longitudinal growth. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Celiac disease is characterized by deficits in bone mineral accrual and longitudinal growth.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in bone health and stature among children and adolescents with celiac disease versus healthy controls.
DATA SOURCES
Articles published before February 27, 2018 were located using searches of the Physical Education Index (n = 186), PubMed (n = 180), Scopus (n = 3), SPORTDiscus (n = 3), and Web of Science (n = 4).
STUDY SELECTION
Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and height was measured using a stadiometer.
DATA EXTRACTION
Effect sizes (ES) were calculated as follows: the mean difference of the celiac disease group and healthy control group, divided by the pooled standard deviation. The inverse variance weight was used to calculate the overall mean ES. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean ES, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to identify potential moderators.
RESULTS
The results of 30 effects gathered from 12 studies published between 1996 and 2017 indicated BMC (ES = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.69 to -0.40; p < 0.0001) and aBMD (ES = 0.72, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.47; p < 0.0001) were lower in youth with celiac disease.
LIMITATIONS
These results were limited to only cross-sectional and baseline data from longitudinal studies reporting BMC and BMD, however did not assess changes in bone health over time.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents with celiac disease have suboptimal bone health and shorter stature.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Body Height; Body Weight; Bone Density; Calcification, Physiologic; Celiac Disease; Child; Humans
PubMed: 30833087
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.02.003 -
Hippocampus Sep 2017The generation of new neurons in the hippocampus of adult mammals has become a widely accepted phenomenon, but the functional significance of the adult neurogenesis in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The generation of new neurons in the hippocampus of adult mammals has become a widely accepted phenomenon, but the functional significance of the adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is not fully understood. One of the main hypotheses currently investigated suggests that neurogenesis contributes to pattern separation in the dentate gyrus. Many behavioral studies were conducted aiming to test this hypothesis using rodents as animal model. In those studies, researches ablated neurogenesis in the animals and subsequently evaluate them in tests of behavioral pattern separation, that is, behaviors that are thought to rely on the computational process of pattern separation. The results of these studies are varied, with most supporting a role for neurogenesis in pattern separation, but some others not. To address this controversy we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of neurogenesis ablation on behavioral pattern separation. Analysis results indicated that most of the literature in the topic is surprisingly consistent and, although there are two studies with divergent results, the bulk of the literature supports an effect of hippocampal neurogenesis on behavioral pattern separation. We discuss those findings in light of other behavioral effects of hippocampal neurogenesis ablation, limitations of behavioral data and other lines of evidence about the effect of hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
Topics: Animals; Databases, Bibliographic; Hippocampus; Humans; Neurogenesis; Neurons
PubMed: 28597491
DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22746 -
European Journal of Pediatrics Mar 2018The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of soccer practice on bone in male and female children and adolescents. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of soccer practice on bone in male and female children and adolescents. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched for scientific articles published up to and including October 2016. Twenty-seven studies were included in this systematic review (13 in the meta-analysis). The meta-analysis was performed by using OpenMeta[Analyst] software. It is well documented that soccer practice during childhood provides positive effects on bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) compared to sedentary behaviors and other sports, such as tennis, weightlifting, or swimming. Furthermore, soccer players present higher BMC and BMD in most weight-bearing sites such as the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and legs. Moreover, bone differences were minimized between groups during prepuberty. Therefore, the maturity status should be considered when evaluating bone. According to meta-analysis results, soccer practice was positively associated with whole-body BMD either in males (mean difference 0.061; 95%CI, 0.042-0.079) or in females (mean difference 0.063; 95%CI, 0.026-0.099).
CONCLUSION
Soccer may be considered a sport that positively affects bone mass during growth. Pubertal soccer players presented increased bone mass compared to controls or other athletes; however, these bone differences are minimized during the prepubertal stage. What is known: • It has been described that childhood and adolescence are important periods for bone mass and structure. • Previous studies have demonstrated that soccer participation improves bone mass in male and female children and adolescents. What is new: • The differences between soccer players and controls are more marked during puberty than prepuberty. • Weight-bearing sites such as lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric region and both legs are particularly sensitive to soccer actions.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Composition; Bone Density; Bone Development; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Soccer
PubMed: 29282554
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3060-3 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Jul 2016The aim was to assess the quality and to summarise the findings of the Systematic Reviews (SRs) and Meta-Analyses (MAs) on the dental and skeletal effects of maxillary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim was to assess the quality and to summarise the findings of the Systematic Reviews (SRs) and Meta-Analyses (MAs) on the dental and skeletal effects of maxillary expansion. Electronic and manual searches have been independently conducted by two investigators, up to February 2015. SRs and MAs on the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects of fixed expanders were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews). The design of the primary studies included in each SR/MA was assessed with the LRD (Level of Research Design scoring). The evidence for each outcome was rated applying a pre-determined scale. Twelve SRs/MAs were included. The AMSTAR scores ranged from 4 to 10. Two SRs/MAs included only RCTs. The current findings from SRs/MAs support with high evidence a significant increase in the short-term of maxillary dentoalveolar transversal dimensions after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). The same effect is reported with moderate evidence after Slow Maxillary Expansion (SME). However, there is moderate evidence of a non-significant difference between the two expansion modalities concerning the short-term dentoalveolar effects. With both RME and SME, significant increase of skeletal transversal dimension in the short-term is reported, and the skeletal expansion is always smaller than the dentoalveolar. Even though dental relapse to some extent is present, long-term results of the dentoalveolar effects show an increase of the transversal dimension, supported by moderate evidence for RME and low evidence for SME. Skeletal long-term effects are reported only with RME, supported by very low evidence.
Topics: Evidence-Based Dentistry; Humans; Mandible; Maxilla; Maxillofacial Development; Palatal Expansion Technique; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27004835
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12393 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Aug 2023The onset of OA is affected by a variety of factors, which eventually lead to the loss of cartilage in the joints, the formation of osteophytes, the loss of normal knee... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
The onset of OA is affected by a variety of factors, which eventually lead to the loss of cartilage in the joints, the formation of osteophytes, the loss of normal knee mobility, and pain and discomfort, which seriously affects the quality of life. HUC-MSCs can promote cartilage production and have been widely used in research in the past decade. This article systematically summarizes that it is well used in basic research and clinical studies to promote inflammatory chondrogenesis in the treatment of OA. Provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This study collected CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and articles related to the treatment of OA with HUC-MSCs since their publication, excluding non-basic and clinical studies such as reviews and meta-analysis. A total of 31 basic experimental studies and 12 clinical studies were included. Systematically analyze the effects of HUC-MSCs on inhibiting inflammatory factors, promoting chondrocyte production, and current clinical treatment.
RESULTS
HUC-MSCs can reduce inflammatory factors such as MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, IL-1β, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, induced conversion from M1 to M2 in OA to protect cartilage damage and reduce OA inflammation. Synthesize ColII, SOX9, and aggrecan at the same time to promote cartilage synthesis.
CONCLUSION
HUC-MSCs not only have typical stem cell biological characteristics, but also have rich sources and convenient material extraction. Compared with stem cells from other sources, HUC-MSCs have stronger proliferation, differentiation, and immune regulation abilities. Furthermore, there are no ethical issues associated with their use.
SAFETY
Primarily attributed to pain, the majority of individuals experience recovery within 24 h following injection. HUC-MSCs possess the ability to alleviate pain, enhance knee joint function, and potentially postpone the need for surgical intervention in both non-surgical and other cases, making them highly deserving of clinical promotion and application.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Chondrogenesis; Quality of Life; Knee Joint; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Umbilical Cord
PubMed: 37644595
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04131-7 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Mar 2016The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results.
AIM
This meta-analysis aims to determine whether systematic swimming training may influence BMD during childhood and adolescence.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus and ClinicalTrials.gov from the earliest possible year to March 2015, with data extraction and quality assessment performed independently by two researchers following the PRISMA methodology. Swimmers were compared to sedentary controls and to athletes performing highly osteogenic sports. Therefore, a total of two meta-analyses were developed.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to sedentary controls and lower than other high-impact athletes. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD differences between swimmers and sedentary controls and between swimmers and athletes practicing osteogenic sports appeared to increase with age and favored the non-swimming groups. There were no differences by sex.
CONCLUSION
While swimming is associated with several health benefits, it does not appear to be an effective sport for improving BMD. Swimmers might be in need of additional osteogenic exercises for increasing BMD values.
Topics: Adolescent; Athletes; Bone Density; Child; Femur Neck; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteogenesis; Swimming
PubMed: 26607734
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0427-3 -
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology... Jul 2016Simvastatin is a lipid lowering drug whose beneficial role on bone metabolism was discovered in 1999. Several in vivo studies evaluated its role on osteoporosis and... (Review)
Review
Simvastatin is a lipid lowering drug whose beneficial role on bone metabolism was discovered in 1999. Several in vivo studies evaluated its role on osteoporosis and fracture healing, however, controversial results are seen in the literature. For this reason, Simvastatin has not been the focus of any clinical trials as yet. This systematic review clears the mechanisms of action of Simvastatin on bone metabolism and focuses on in vivo investigations that have evaluated its role on osteoporosis and fracture repair to find out (i) whether Simvastatin is effective on treatment of osteoporosis and fracture repair, and (ii) which of the many available protocols may have the ability to be translated in the clinical setting. Simvastatin induces osteoinduction by increasing osteoblast activity and differentiation and inhibiting their apoptosis. It also reduces osteoclastogenesis by decreasing both the number and activity of osteoclasts and their differentiation. Controversial results between the in vivo studies are mostly due to the differences in the route of administration, dose, dosage and carrier type. Local delivery of Simvastatin through controlled drug delivery systems with much lower doses and dosages than the systemic route seems to be the most valuable option in fracture healing. However, systemic delivery of Simvastatin with much higher doses and dosages than the clinical ones seems to be effective in managing osteoporosis. Simvastatin, in a particular range of doses and dosages, may be beneficial in managing osteoporosis and fracture injuries. This review showed that Simvastatin is effective in the treatment of osteoporosis and fracture healing.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Fracture Healing; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Simvastatin
PubMed: 27061579
DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12577 -
Biomaterials Advances Oct 2023This systematic review evaluates the purpose, materials, physio-mechanical, and biological effects of bilayer scaffolds/membranes used for bone tissue engineering... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review evaluates the purpose, materials, physio-mechanical, and biological effects of bilayer scaffolds/membranes used for bone tissue engineering applications.
METHODS
A comprehensive electronic search of English-language literature from 2012 to October 2022 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar online databases according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The quality of animal studies was evaluated through the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
A total of 77 studies were sought for retrieval, and 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. According to the synthesis results, most bilayers had a dense barrier layer that prevented connective tissue penetration and a loose osteogenic layer that supported cell migration and osteogenesis. PLGA, PCL, and chitosan were the most common polymers in the barrier layers, while the most utilized polymers in osteogenic layers were PLGA and gelatin. Electrospinning and solvent casting were the most common fabrication methods to design the bilayer structures. Many studies reported higher biological results for bilayers compared to their single layers. Also, fabricated bilayers' in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo new bone formation were significantly superior or at least comparable to the frequently used commercial membranes.
CONCLUSION
1) Bilayers with two distinct layers and different materials, porosities, mechanical properties, and biological behavior can significantly improve heterogeneous bone regeneration; 2) the addition of ceramics and/or drugs to the osteogenic layer enhances the osteogenic properties of the bilayers; 3) fabrication method and pore size of the layers play an important role in determining the mechanical and biological behavior of them.
Topics: Animals; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Bone and Bones; Osteogenesis; Polymers
PubMed: 37352742
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213528 -
The British Journal of Oral &... Dec 2021Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that interferes with multiple biological pathways. ASA acts by stimulating... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that interferes with multiple biological pathways. ASA acts by stimulating osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ASA in the bone regeneration in animal models. This review was structured based on the PRISMA Statement and registered on PROSPERO database according to protocol number #CDR42018111403. The quality of evidence was assessed by using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). With the development of search strategies, we identified studies on the use of ASA from the following databases: 1- Medline (via PubMed); 2 - Web of Science; 3 - Scopus; and 4 - EMBASE. A total of 296 articles were identified and after screening the title, abstract, and full text, only 18 studies were selected for qualitative analysis and 12 were selected for performance of the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). A meta-analysis of the amount of bone tissue formed showed a significant advantage when ASA was locally used, revealing a mean difference (MD) of 22.75% (95% CI: 15.39-30.12) p < 0.00001. Within the limitations of the available data, the results were promising and showed that ASA can be effective in bone formation in animal models.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 34736809
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.051 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Oct 2016Combined cell implantation has been widely applied in tissue engineering in recent years. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to establish whether the combined... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Combined cell implantation has been widely applied in tissue engineering in recent years. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to establish whether the combined transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair, compared with transplantation of a single cell type, following tissue injury or during tissue regeneration.
METHODS
The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Chinese Biomedical Literature, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Eighteen controlled preclinical studies involving MSC and EPC transplantation in animal models of disease, or in coculture in vitro, were included in this review. The vessel density and other functional indexes, which were classified according to the organ source, were used to evaluate the efficiency of cotransplantation. Publication bias was assessed.
RESULTS
There was no obvious difference in angiogenesis following combined cell transplantation (EPCs and MSCs) and transplantation of EPCs alone; however, an improvement in the function of damaged organs was observed following cotransplantation. In addition, combined cell transplantation significantly promoted tissue recovery in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and during bone regeneration. Compared with combined transplantation (EPCs and MSCs) and transplantation of MSCs alone, cotransplantation significantly promoted angiogenesis and bone regeneration, as well as vessel revascularization and tissue repair in cerebrovascular disease; however, no obvious effects on cardiovascular disease were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
As an exploratory field in the discipline of tissue engineering, MSC and EPC cotransplantation offers advantages, although it is essential to assess the feasibility of this approach before clinical trials can be performed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Coculture Techniques; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteogenesis; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Wound Healing
PubMed: 27724974
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0390-4