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Cell May 2022Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between...
Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Mammals; Mice; Organogenesis; Pregnancy; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Single-Cell Analysis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35512705
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.003 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Jun 2015The liver is a central regulator of metabolism, and liver failure thus constitutes a major health burden. Understanding how this complex organ develops during... (Review)
Review
The liver is a central regulator of metabolism, and liver failure thus constitutes a major health burden. Understanding how this complex organ develops during embryogenesis will yield insights into how liver regeneration can be promoted and how functional liver replacement tissue can be engineered. Recent studies of animal models have identified key signaling pathways and complex tissue interactions that progressively generate liver progenitor cells, differentiated lineages and functional tissues. In addition, progress in understanding how these cells interact, and how transcriptional and signaling programs precisely coordinate liver development, has begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this complexity. Here, we review the lineage relationships, signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that orchestrate hepatogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; Mice; Organogenesis; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells
PubMed: 26081571
DOI: 10.1242/dev.114215 -
Cell Stem Cell Feb 2021Organoids are powerful models for studying tissue development, physiology, and disease. However, current culture systems disrupt the inductive tissue-tissue interactions...
Organoids are powerful models for studying tissue development, physiology, and disease. However, current culture systems disrupt the inductive tissue-tissue interactions needed for the complex morphogenetic processes of native organogenesis. Here, we show that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be coaxed to robustly undergo fundamental steps of early heart organogenesis with an in-vivo-like spatiotemporal fidelity. These axially patterned embryonic organoids (gastruloids) mimic embryonic development and support the generation of cardiovascular progenitors, including first and second heart fields. The cardiac progenitors self-organize into an anterior domain reminiscent of a cardiac crescent before forming a beating cardiac tissue near a putative primitive gut-like tube, from which it is separated by an endocardial-like layer. These findings unveil the surprising morphogenetic potential of mESCs to execute key aspects of organogenesis through the coordinated development of multiple tissues. This platform could be an excellent tool for studying heart development in unprecedented detail and throughput.
Topics: Animals; Embryonic Development; Heart; Mice; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells; Organogenesis; Organoids
PubMed: 33176168
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.013 -
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology Dec 2017Stem cells and their local microenvironment, or niche, communicate through mechanical cues to regulate cell fate and cell behaviour and to guide developmental processes.... (Review)
Review
Stem cells and their local microenvironment, or niche, communicate through mechanical cues to regulate cell fate and cell behaviour and to guide developmental processes. During embryonic development, mechanical forces are involved in patterning and organogenesis. The physical environment of pluripotent stem cells regulates their self-renewal and differentiation. Mechanical and physical cues are also important in adult tissues, where adult stem cells require physical interactions with the extracellular matrix to maintain their potency. In vitro, synthetic models of the stem cell niche can be used to precisely control and manipulate the biophysical and biochemical properties of the stem cell microenvironment and to examine how the mode and magnitude of mechanical cues, such as matrix stiffness or applied forces, direct stem cell differentiation and function. Fundamental insights into the mechanobiology of stem cells also inform the design of artificial niches to support stem cells for regenerative therapies.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Organogenesis; Regeneration; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 29115301
DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.108 -
Neuron Jan 2016The human CNS follows a pattern of development typical of all mammals, but certain neurodevelopmental features are highly derived. Building the human CNS requires the... (Review)
Review
The human CNS follows a pattern of development typical of all mammals, but certain neurodevelopmental features are highly derived. Building the human CNS requires the precise orchestration and coordination of myriad molecular and cellular processes across a staggering array of cell types and over a long period of time. Dysregulation of these processes affects the structure and function of the CNS and can lead to neurological or psychiatric disorders. Recent technological advances and increased focus on human neurodevelopment have enabled a more comprehensive characterization of the human CNS and its development in both health and disease. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular landscapes of the developing human CNS, with focus on the cerebral neocortex, and the insights these findings provide into human neural evolution, function, and dysfunction.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Central Nervous System; Humans; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Neurogenesis; Organogenesis
PubMed: 26796689
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.008 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Jun 2022Prostate organogenesis begins during embryonic development and continues through puberty when the prostate becomes an important exocrine gland of the male reproductive...
Prostate organogenesis begins during embryonic development and continues through puberty when the prostate becomes an important exocrine gland of the male reproductive system. The specification and growth of the prostate is regulated by androgens and is largely a result of cell-cell communication between the epithelium and mesenchyme. The fields of developmental and cancer biology have long been interested in prostate organogenesis because of its relevance for understanding prostate diseases, and research has expanded in recent years with the advent of novel technologies, including genetic-lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing and organoid culture methods, that have provided important insights into androgen regulation, epithelial cell origins and cellular heterogeneity. We discuss these findings, putting them into context with what is currently known about prostate organogenesis.
Topics: Androgens; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Humans; Male; Mesoderm; Organogenesis; Prostate
PubMed: 35726824
DOI: 10.1242/dev.200394 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Feb 2014The respiratory system, which consists of the lungs, trachea and associated vasculature, is essential for terrestrial life. In recent years, extensive progress has been... (Review)
Review
The respiratory system, which consists of the lungs, trachea and associated vasculature, is essential for terrestrial life. In recent years, extensive progress has been made in defining the temporal progression of lung development, and this has led to exciting discoveries, including the derivation of lung epithelium from pluripotent stem cells and the discovery of developmental pathways that are targets for new therapeutics. These discoveries have also provided new insights into the regenerative capacity of the respiratory system. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lung development and regeneration, which will hopefully lead to better insights into both congenital and acquired lung diseases.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lung; Models, Biological; Organogenesis; Regeneration
PubMed: 24449833
DOI: 10.1242/dev.098186 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Dec 2021Organoids are three-dimensional structures that self-organize from human pluripotent stem cells or primary tissue, potentially serving as a traceable and manipulatable... (Review)
Review
Organoids are three-dimensional structures that self-organize from human pluripotent stem cells or primary tissue, potentially serving as a traceable and manipulatable platform to facilitate our understanding of organogenesis. Despite the ongoing advancement in generating organoids of diverse systems, biological applications of in vitro generated organoids remain as a major challenge in part due to a substantial lack of intricate complexity. The studies of development and regeneration enumerate the essential roles of highly diversified nonepithelial populations such as mesenchyme and endothelium in directing fate specification, morphogenesis, and maturation. Furthermore, organoids with physiological and homeostatic functions require direct and indirect inter-organ crosstalk recapitulating what is seen in organogenesis. We herein review the evolving organoid technology at the cell, tissue, organ, and system level with a main emphasis on endoderm derivatives.
Topics: Endoderm; Humans; Morphogenesis; Organogenesis; Organoids; Pluripotent Stem Cells
PubMed: 34352726
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.06.007 -
Current Topics in Developmental Biology 2022Proper innervation of peripheral organs helps to maintain physiological homeostasis and elicit responses to external stimuli. Disruptions to normal function can result...
Proper innervation of peripheral organs helps to maintain physiological homeostasis and elicit responses to external stimuli. Disruptions to normal function can result in pathophysiological consequences. The establishment of connections and communication between the central nervous system and the peripheral organs is accomplished through the peripheral nervous system. Neuronal connections with target tissues arise from ganglia partitioned throughout the body. Organ innervation is initiated during development with stimuli being conducted through several types of neurons including sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory. While the physiological modulation of mature organs by these nerves is largely understood, their role in mammalian development is only beginning to be uncovered. Interactions with cells in target tissues can affect the development and eventual function of several organs, highlighting their significance. This chapter will cover the origin of peripheral neurons, factors mediating organ innervation, and the composition and function of organ-specific nerves during development. This emerging field aims to identify the functional contribution of innervation to development which will inform future investigations of normal and abnormal mammalian organogenesis, as well as contribute to regenerative and organ replacement efforts where nerve-derived signals may have significant implications for the advancement of such studies.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Mammals; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neurons; Organogenesis; Peripheral Nervous System
PubMed: 35461566
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.004 -
Organogenesis 2013We would like to welcome our readers to the regenerated Organogenesis and to share with you the reasoning behind the refocusing of this journal toward the development of...
We would like to welcome our readers to the regenerated Organogenesis and to share with you the reasoning behind the refocusing of this journal toward the development of tissues and organs as a future means to improve the health of patients.
Topics: Developmental Biology; Humans; Organogenesis; Periodicals as Topic; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 23594929
DOI: 10.4161/org.24545