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Cureus Feb 2023Otosclerosis, also known as otospongiosis, is a primary osteodystrophy of the otic capsule of the inner ear and one of the leading causes of deafness in adults. The... (Review)
Review
Otosclerosis, also known as otospongiosis, is a primary osteodystrophy of the otic capsule of the inner ear and one of the leading causes of deafness in adults. The rationale for medical therapy for otospongiosis is to slow down and eventually stop the phase of bone resorption. Conservative treatments include sodium fluoride (NaF), bisphosphonates, and other modern medicines. A systematic review of the existing and published articles and books until April 2021 has been conducted in Medscape, Google Scholar, PubMed, and other databases using appropriate terms. According to the results of the research, the administration of NaF for a period of at least six months stabilizes hearing thresholds (HTs), improves vestibular symptoms, and delays the worsening of tinnitus. The administration of bisphosphonates for a period of at least six months showed significant percentage differences in the improvement of hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus remission. In the already existing double-blind studies that were evaluated, groups of patients treated with bisphosphonates for at least 24 months showed greater stabilization of the mean air and bone conduction thresholds than groups of patients treated with a placebo. The new modern medications have not yet been widely administered clinically to draw useful conclusions, although the test results of some of their use are quite encouraging.
PubMed: 36923175
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34850 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Aug 2022This study aimed to establish hearing outcomes after cochlear implantation in patients with otosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to establish hearing outcomes after cochlear implantation in patients with otosclerosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Databases searched were as follows: MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov . No limits were placed on language or year of publication. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.
RESULTS
Searches identified 474 abstracts and 180 full texts, with 68 studies meeting the inclusion criteria and reporting outcomes in a minimum of 481 patients with at least 516 implants. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were reported in five studies involving 51 patients. Intraoperative adverse events/surgical approach details and preoperative radiological assessment were reported in 46 and 38 studies, respectively. The methodological quality of included studies was modest, predominantly consisting of case reports and noncontrolled case series with small numbers of patients. Most studies were Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine grade IV.
DISCUSSION
Access to good rehabilitation support is essential to achieving the good hearing outcomes and PROMs that can be expected by 12 months after implantation in most cases. There was a significant association between the radiological severity of otosclerosis and an increase in surgical and postoperative complications. Postoperative facial nerve stimulation can occur and may require deactivation of electrodes and subsequent hearing detriment.
CONCLUSIONS
Hearing outcomes are typically good, but patients should be counseled on associated surgical complications that may compromise hearing. Modern diagnostic techniques may help to identify potentially difficult cases to aid operative planning and patient counseling. Further work is needed to characterize PROMs in this population.
Topics: Cochlear Implantation; Cochlear Implants; Facial Nerve; Hearing; Humans; Otosclerosis
PubMed: 35861644
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003574 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Dec 2021Stapes surgery has evolved from its origins in 1956. Microscopic assisted stapedotomy remains the most common technique but the introduction of endoscopic ear surgery...
OBJECTIVES
Stapes surgery has evolved from its origins in 1956. Microscopic assisted stapedotomy remains the most common technique but the introduction of endoscopic ear surgery has led to some units using this new approach. The endoscope delivers a wide angled, contextual view of the stapes, and associated pathology. This systematic review provides a critical analysis of the current published endoscopic data, allowing comparison to the established microscopic technique.
DATA SOURCES
Six databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane database, AMED, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were searched for studies within the last 10 years.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
English language articles including 5 or more cases were included. Primary outcomes included audiological results and reported complications. Data was extracted according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Thirteen papers were identified comprising 361 endoscopic stapes surgeries. Postoperative temporary facial nerve weakness was reported in 3 patients (0.8%) which all resolved within 4 weeks. Chorda tympani injury occurred in 21 cases (5.8%) and vertigo in 61 (16.9%). The audiometric outcomes of endoscopic stapes surgery were available for 259 patients and showed air bone gap closure rates of 71.4% (0-10 dB), 25.9% (11-20 dB), 2.3% (21-30 dB), and 0.4% (>30 dB).
CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic stapes surgery has similar audiometric outcomes compared to the traditional microscopic approach with air bone gap closure values of <20 dB in 97.3% of cases. However, the complication rates of chorda tympani damage, postoperative dysguesia, and tympanic membrane perforation for endoscopic stapes surgery are high. Caution should therefore be taken before undertaking stapes surgery with the endoscopic technique. Further studies are required to prove superiority over well established existing microsurgical methods.
Topics: Endoscopy; Humans; Ossicular Prosthesis; Otosclerosis; Retrospective Studies; Stapes; Stapes Surgery; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34267093
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003242 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2023To compare the mean pre-operative air-bone gaps (ABG), mean post-operative ABGs, and extrusion rates between pediatric recipients of partial ossicular reconstruction... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To compare the mean pre-operative air-bone gaps (ABG), mean post-operative ABGs, and extrusion rates between pediatric recipients of partial ossicular reconstruction prostheses (PORPs) and pediatric recipients of total ossicular reconstruction prostheses (TORPs) via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A quantitative systematic review last updated on September 29, 2021 of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted for studies reporting mean post-operative ABGs or numbers of children with post-operative ABG ≤ 20 dB following PORP and TORP procedures in at least five children aged 0-18 years. Studies were excluded if they were review articles, conference abstracts, or not in English. Studies that primarily reported data on congenital aural atresia, stapedectomy/stapedotomy, congenital stapes fixation, or juvenile otosclerosis were also excluded. NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess for risk of bias. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.1 was used to perform the meta-analysis and generate forest plots.
RESULTS
Out of 648 unique abstracts retrieved, 11 papers were included in this systematic review with meta-analysis. Data from 449 children (247 TORP recipients and 202 TORP recipients) are represented among the various analyses. Data from nine studies, representing 84.2 % of all children in the systematic review, demonstrated that PORP recipients presented with a pre-operative ABG 6.30 dB less than TORP recipients (mean difference: -6.30, 95 %CI: -7.4, -5.18, p < 0.01). Data from these same children demonstrated that PORP recipients had a 1.80 dB less post-operative ABG compared to TORP recipients (mean difference: -1.80 dB, 95 %CI: -2.84, -0.77, p < 0.001). Data from seven studies, representing 49.4 % of all children in the systematic review, demonstrated that PORP recipients were more likely to have a successful closure of the post-operative ABG to ≤20 dB (OR: 2.12, 95 %CI: 1.18, 3.79, p = 0.01). In these same children, 62.5 % of PORP recipients had a post-operative ABG ≤ 20 dB and 48.3 % of TORP recipients had a post-operative ABG ≤ 20 dB. There was no difference in extrusion rates between PORP recipients compared to TORP recipients (OR: 1.08, 95 %CI: 0.31, 3.78, p = 0.90) from five studies representing 45.9 % children in the systematic review.
CONCLUSION
Children who receive a PORP have better pre-operative hearing baselines and post-operative hearing outcomes compared to those who receive TORP with similar rates of extrusion. More pediatric studies should report their mean pre- and post-operative ABGs stratifying by various material types, surgical indications, and surgical details to facilitate future meta-analyses.
Topics: Child; Humans; Ossicular Prosthesis; Ossicular Replacement; Cross-Sectional Studies; Treatment Outcome; Stapes Surgery; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36347062
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103658 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Dec 2014To evaluate the effect of stapedotomy in cochlear implant candidates with far-advanced otosclerosis (FAO). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of stapedotomy in cochlear implant candidates with far-advanced otosclerosis (FAO).
DESIGN
Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for "stapedotomy" and "far-advanced otosclerosis" and their synonyms. The search was carried out on November 28, 2013; no language restrictions were applied.
STUDY SELECTION
The initial search yielded 243 articles; a total of nine articles met our inclusion criteria (i.e., patients with FAO and aided speech recognition scores of ≤50%) and were included in this review. In addition, a group of five patients (seven stapedotomies) of our own center was also included in this meta-analysis.
DATA EXTRACTION
The methodologic quality of included studies was assessed by examining the study design, level of evidence, method of measurement, and adequacy of outcome reporting. The speech recognition scores before and after stapedotomy as well as the pure-tone average before and after stapedotomy were extracted.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A random-effects model was fitted for calculating weighted means. The mean preoperative speech recognition score was 11%; stapedotomy resulted in a mean postoperative speech recognition score of 59%. The mean preoperative and postoperative pure-tone averages were 112 dB HL and 80 dB HL, respectively. Seventy-two percent of the patients no longer met the criterion for cochlear implantation (CI) (i.e., <50% speech recognition), and 35% of the patients reached a postoperative aided speech recognition of more than 80%.
CONCLUSION
Stapedotomy combined with hearing aid fitting results in a good outcome in a substantial amount of CI candidates with FAO. We feel that a stapedotomy should be attempted before considering CI in all patients with FAO. In patients with bilateral otosclerosis, a contralateral stapedotomy may offer patients the benefits of binaural processing. If bilateral stapedotomy yields an unsatisfactory outcome, the option for CI is still open.
Topics: Cochlear Implantation; Cochlear Implants; Humans; Otosclerosis; Stapes Surgery; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25393972
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000637 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Jan 2016To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) in detecting otosclerosis in patients with conductive hearing loss and a clinical suspicion of otosclerosis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) in detecting otosclerosis in patients with conductive hearing loss and a clinical suspicion of otosclerosis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.
STUDY SELECTION
A systematic search was conducted. Studies reporting original study data were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Relevance and risk of bias of the selected articles were assessed. Studies with low relevance, high risk of bias, or both were excluded. Prevalences, sensitivities, specificities, and post-test probabilities were extracted from the included articles.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Seven studies characterized by a moderate to high relevance and moderate to low risk of bias were included for data extraction. The prevalence of otosclerosis was high (up to 100%) in the majority of the included studies. In those studies with a high prevalence of disease, both positive and negative post-test probabilities were (relatively) high: 99% and between 51% and 67% respectively. In one study with a low prevalence of disease (9%), both positive and negative post-test probabilities were low (23% and 3% respectively). Overall, reported sensitivities ranged between 60% and 95%.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative CT has little to add in establishing otosclerosis and may not be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. We would recommend reserving CT for those patients with suspected additional abnormalities, for specific preoperative planning, or out of legal necessity.
Topics: Hearing Loss, Conductive; Humans; Otosclerosis; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26649602
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000924 -
JAMA Network Open Feb 2022Surgery and hearing aids have similar outcomes in terms of hearing acuity but differ in terms of cost, aesthetics, and patient quality of life. The cost-effectiveness...
IMPORTANCE
Surgery and hearing aids have similar outcomes in terms of hearing acuity but differ in terms of cost, aesthetics, and patient quality of life. The cost-effectiveness and budget impact of otosclerosis treatments have never been studied in Europe.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the estimated mean costs per patient over 10 years of surgery vs hearing aids for the treatment of otosclerosis and to estimate the budget impact of an increase in the proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This economic evaluation analyzed French and European epidemiological data on the surgical management of symptomatic otosclerosis and compared them with data from the literature to build economic models. The analysis was conducted in January 2021.
EXPOSURES
Two care pathways were considered in the treatment of otosclerosis, either hearing aid or surgery.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Costs were studied over 10 years using Markov models of the 2 care pathways (hearing aid vs surgery). The budget impact analysis was performed over 5 and 10 years, assuming a 1-percentage point yearly increase in the proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment.
RESULTS
Over 10 years, the estimated mean cost per patient was significantly lower in the surgery group compared with the hearing aid group (€3446.9 vs €6088.4; mean difference, -€2641.5; 95% CI -€4064.8 to -€1379.4 [US $3913.4 vs US $6912.4; mean difference, -US $2999.0; 95% CI, -US $4614.9 to -US $1566.1]). Increasing surgical treatment by 1 percentage point per year for 10 years would lead to overall savings of €1 762 304 (US $2 000 798) in France, with an increase of €1 322 920 (US $1 501 952) at 10 years for the public health insurance system and a decrease of €3 085 224 (US $3 502 750) at 10 years for patients and private health insurers. Sensitivity analyses showed that these results were robust.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These results suggest that in France, treating otosclerosis surgically is slightly less expensive over 10 years than using hearing aids, when considering all payers. The proposed models developed in this study could be adjusted to perform the same analysis in other countries.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Europe; Hearing Aids; Humans; Markov Chains; Models, Economic; Otologic Surgical Procedures; Otosclerosis
PubMed: 35175343
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.48932 -
Clinical Otolaryngology : Official... Nov 2022To review the role of the endoscope in cochlear implantation (CI). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the role of the endoscope in cochlear implantation (CI).
METHODS
MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library databases, as well as other sources, were searched by two independent reviewers. Studies including patients undergoing either exclusively endoscopic or endoscopically assisted CI were eligible for inclusion. Endoscopic CI approaches and postoperative complications were the primary outcomes. Secondary endpoints included the degree of round window (RW) microscopic visualisation according to St Thomas' Hospital classification and type of cochleostomy for electrode insertion in the scala tympani (ST).
RESULTS
Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria comprising 191 endoscopic or endoscopically assisted CI cases. The endoscope was used for better visualisation of the RW across all included studies, facilitated the insertion of the electrode in the ST and spared a mastoidectomy in a number of cases. No facial nerve palsy was reported in any of the studies. The most common complication was external auditory canal/tympanic membrane tear followed by chorda tympani injury.
CONCLUSION
The microscopic CI approach is still the gold standard. The endoscope facilitates the recognition of the RW area and leads to successful and safe implantation, particularly in difficult anatomical scenarios, ear malformations and advanced otosclerosis. Endoscopically assisted CI procedures offer the opportunity to avoid a posterior tympanotomy and reduce the risk of facial nerve injury. To date, the lack of long-term data does not permit the widespread adoption of completely endoscopic CI procedures without a mastoidectomy.
Topics: Cochlear Implantation; Cochlear Implants; Endoscopes; Humans; Round Window, Ear; Scala Tympani
PubMed: 34971491
DOI: 10.1111/coa.13909 -
European Archives of... Aug 2021These days, the gold standard procedure for otosclerosis treatment is stapes surgery. The endoscopic approach of the procedure is gaining popularity as endoscopic ear... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
These days, the gold standard procedure for otosclerosis treatment is stapes surgery. The endoscopic approach of the procedure is gaining popularity as endoscopic ear surgery develops across the globe. The main objective of this study is to gather and compile well-documented and reliable data regarding surgical outcomes for the endoscopic approach to stapes surgery up to this date.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Publications in English were searched in the PUBMED/MEDLINE database and were systematically reviewed. A total of 16 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria, obtaining a total of 573 patients managed surgically for otosclerosis, using an endoscopic approach. Data were systematically extracted and compared across variables.
RESULTS
Data were obtained as follows: mean age of 43 years; female proportion of 60%; 3 mm endoscope diameter of 51%, 4 mm of 39%; titanium piston-type prostheses of 52% and Teflon of 48%; length of the prosthesis (mode) was 4.5 mm; 0.6 mm diameter of the piston of 81% and 0.4 mm of 19%; mean surgical time was 55 min. Hearing results, mean preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) 31 dB; mean postoperative ABG 9 dB; ABG improvement of 22 dB; an ABG closure rate to 20 dB or less of 92% and an ABG closure rate to 10 dB or less of 77%. Complication rates: intraoperative tympanic membrane perforation of 5%; postoperative vertigo of 11%; postoperative dysgeusia of 10%; reported a postoperative neurosensorial hearing loss of 0.2%; reported gusher phenomenon of one case (0.2%).
CONCLUSION
Endoscopic stapes surgery is completely achievable using 0º angle and 4-mm-diameter sinus surgery endoscope. Instrument availability should not be an obstacle to the development of this type of surgery in any otolaryngology department. Audiological outcomes are comparable to microscopic approaches.
Topics: Adult; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Ossicular Prosthesis; Otosclerosis; Retrospective Studies; Stapes; Stapes Surgery; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33001293
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06388-8 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Jan 2021Concomitant otosclerosis (OTS) and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a rare, but difficult-to-identify and treat diagnosis. A systematic review of the...
OBJECTIVE
Concomitant otosclerosis (OTS) and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a rare, but difficult-to-identify and treat diagnosis. A systematic review of the literature was performed to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of concurrent OTS and SSCD cases and to identify possible factors that may help in predicting the surgical outcome.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Scopus, Medscape, Ovid databases.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies showing diagnosis of OTS documented by audiometric test with or without associated radiological signs (computed tomography), and concomitant diagnosis of SSCD, documented at least by high-resolution computed tomography (and possibly supported by neurophysiological testing) were included. Both surgically treated and untreated patients were considered for data analysis.
DATA EXTRACTION
The general characteristics of each study were recorded, when available. Clinical, audiological, vestibular testing, surgical, and radiological data were extracted from the published case reports and series, and recorded on a database. For each case, the diagnostic steps that confirmed OTS and concomitant SSCD in the same ear were extracted.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Twelve studies were included in the review and 18 cases affected simultaneously by the 2 conditions were extracted and analyzed. Seven of 12 ears (58.3%) undergoing stapes surgery experienced a hearing improvement. In four (33.3%) cases, vestibular symptoms (with or without associated acoustic symptoms) of SSCD were unmasked or worsened by stapes surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
A reliable preoperative diagnosis of the two concomitant conditions is possible with a proper interpretation of clinical signs, audiometric, and vestibular testing, in association with the radiologic assessment. Despite that the length and the location of the dehiscence may guide the surgical decision, definitive conclusions regarding the appropriate indications for surgical treatment cannot be drawn due to the limited number of cases with adequate data reported in the literature.
Topics: Decision Making; Humans; Labyrinth Diseases; Otosclerosis; Retrospective Studies; Semicircular Canal Dehiscence; Semicircular Canals
PubMed: 33065596
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002897