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Cureus Aug 2020Otosclerosis is a common cause of conductive hearing loss which is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder related to abnormal bone remodeling of the human otic capsule that... (Review)
Review
Otosclerosis is a common cause of conductive hearing loss which is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder related to abnormal bone remodeling of the human otic capsule that has complex etiopathogenesis attributed to genetics, autoimmunity, viral infection, inflammation, hormonal factor, environmental factor, and disturbed bone metabolism. It has a prevalence of 0.3%-0.4% in Caucasians, which makes up 5-9% of all hearing loss and 18-22% of all conductive hearing loss. This review article aims to study the postulated role of sustained measles virus infection in the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis, among others. A PubMed search of the related topic identified 97,990 articles. After we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, it was determined that 52 articles were relevant, which included 38 observational studies, 13 review articles, and a systematic review. Among them, 33 observational studies, 13 review articles and a systematic review spotted a positive association between persistent measles virus infection and otosclerosis. On the contrary, five observational studies reported no evidence of the association. The majority of the current literature supported the presence of the measles virus component in the otosclerotic stapes samples and its role in the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis. Measles virus infection may have the amplitude to initiate a pathological process, which in the presence of other factors like autoimmunity and genes plays a significant role in causing otosclerosis. However, other studies have failed to show the presence of the measles virus component in otosclerotic stapes. So, more studies are needed to probe the role of persistent measles virus infection in the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis.
PubMed: 32968571
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9908 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Aug 2020Otosclerosis is an important cause of hearing loss and a widespread pathology in ENT medicine. Although a high diagnostic value of CT with impact on therapy is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Otosclerosis is an important cause of hearing loss and a widespread pathology in ENT medicine. Although a high diagnostic value of CT with impact on therapy is emphasized in the literature, the disease is seldom seen in the radiological routine diagnostics due to ENT findings often being diagnostic. Radiologists detect it rather more often in cases of unclear hearing loss or cochlear implant candidates. The findings may be very subtle. They require a target search and an optimal imaging technique.
METHODS
This review article is based on a selective search of the literature in PubMed without any time frame restrictions as well as on the long clinical experience of the authors.
RESULTS
The paper focuses on imaging aspects of otosclerosis: current role, advice for imaging technique, characteristic imaging signs, radiological differential diagnoses and findings after stapedoplasty. Pathology, clinical signs and therapeutic options are summarized briefly.
CONCLUSIONS
With an optimal technique and sufficient radiological experience otosclerosis can be correctly diagnosed by imaging in a high percentage of cases. Radiology plays the key role in the diagnosis of retrofenestral otosclerosis. It can provide valuable information for the management of complications after stapedotomy.
KEY POINTS
· X-ray cross-sectional imaging continues to be the method of first choice in the radiological diagnostics of otosclerosis. · With an optimal imaging technique and sufficient experience otosclerosis can be radiologically detected. · In complications after stapedoplasty, causes can be identified supporting the indication for a reoperation.
CITATION FORMAT
· Kösling K, Plontke SK, Bartel S. Imaging of otosclerosis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 745 - 753.
Topics: Cochlear Implants; Diagnosis, Differential; Hearing Loss; Humans; Otosclerosis; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Stapes Mobilization
PubMed: 32215901
DOI: 10.1055/a-1131-7980 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Oct 2010The aim of this study is to summarize current advances in research and clinical aspects of cochlear otosclerosis. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of this study is to summarize current advances in research and clinical aspects of cochlear otosclerosis.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies have revealed that otosclerosis is a process of bone remodeling that is unique to the otic capsule only. Even though no obvious bone remodeling is seen in the otic capsule under normal conditions, remodeling starts when some molecular factors trigger the capsule in certain patients who have genetic and/or environmental tendencies.
SUMMARY
Cochlear otosclerosis is defined as otosclerosis located in the otic capsule involving the cochlear endosteum and causing sensorineural hearing loss or mixed-type hearing loss. It has been clearly shown that, when otosclerosis is sufficiently severe to involve the cochlear endosteum, it usually fixes the stapes as well.
Topics: Bone Remodeling; Cochlea; Hearing Loss; Humans; Otosclerosis
PubMed: 20693902
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32833d11d9 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Aug 1965Dr T E T Weston describes his research into the effect of noise on hearing acuity and of deafness in the aged. He found that presbyacusis is associated with a...
Dr T E T Weston describes his research into the effect of noise on hearing acuity and of deafness in the aged. He found that presbyacusis is associated with a multiplicity of factors, e.g. smoking, circulatory disturbance, urban domicile, heredity and occupational acoustic trauma.Miss W Galbraith describes the social implications of various degrees of deafness and the ways in which they can be overcome by such measures as lipreading, hearing aids and rehabilitation.Sir Terence Cawthorne discusses otosclerosis, nearly 1% of the population being affected by this type of deafness. He describes the modern operation of insertion of an artificial piston through the stapes and states that 90% of cases submitted to this operation will show immediate improvement, whilst 85% should still have retained this improvement at the end of two years.
Topics: Audiometry; Auditory Perception; Child; Deafness; England; Geriatrics; Hearing Aids; Hearing Disorders; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Humans; Lipreading; Male; Medicine; Noise; Ossicular Prosthesis; Otosclerosis; Presbycusis; Prostheses and Implants; Rehabilitation; Stapes; Stapes Surgery; Wales
PubMed: 14341856
DOI: No ID Found -
Redox Report : Communications in Free... Sep 2017Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the...
OBJECTIVES
Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis; however, its etiology remains unclear.
METHODS
This study evaluated the correlation between otosclerosis and levels of paraoxonase-1 (PON1), arylesterase, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, lipid hydroperoxide, and ceruloplasmin in the serum of otosclerosis patients and healthy subjects with respect to oxidative stress.
RESULTS
In our study, TOS and OSI levels were higher in the otosclerosis patients than in the controls. The PON1 levels showed that oxidative stress was severe, and as a result, antioxidants were consumed and depleted.
DISCUSSION
When an imbalance between oxygen free radical production and antioxidative defense mechanisms occurs, reactive oxygen species levels may increase, which in turn may damage cells and tissues through the peroxidation of phospholipid membrane structures. The body initially responds with increased antioxidant production, but if the oxidative stress is severe, decreased antioxidant levels may result. This study reports expression levels of oxidative stress species in otosclerosis patients.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Case-Control Studies; Ceruloplasmin; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Middle Aged; Otosclerosis; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 27387094
DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1207920 -
Laryngoscope Investigative... Feb 2022Otosclerosis, a leading cause of deafness in adults, results from defective bone remodeling of the otic capsule. Bisphosphonates have been used to decrease bone... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Otosclerosis, a leading cause of deafness in adults, results from defective bone remodeling of the otic capsule. Bisphosphonates have been used to decrease bone remolding in many diseases, including otosclerosis. This study analyzes whether current literature supports bisphosphonate therapy as an effective treatment for otosclerosis.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
METHODS
A search was performed in three electronic databases; PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Control Trials. Articles were screened independently by two masked reviewers based on prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. After unmasking, the two reviewers resolved discrepancies through discussion.
RESULTS
From the search, 35 unique articles were identified for analysis. The dates of these publications range from 1982 to 2018. Further title and full-text review identified six articles for inclusion in this review. Three of the studies included are randomized controlled trials (RCT)s, and three are retrospective case reviews. These studies analyzed bisphosphonate therapy regimens, but dose and study length varied, making direct comparisons difficult. Only one RCT study was able to show a statistically significant change between patients treated with bisphosphonates compared to a control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of bisphosphonates for halting bone remodeling in otosclerosis remains unclear. Reviewing the literature, we found significant variations in experimental design and few studies of high-level evidence. Future RCTs investigating therapies for otosclerosis are needed before a firm conclusion about bisphosphonates efficacy as a pharmacological treatment of otosclerosis.Level of Evidence: 3a.
PubMed: 35155804
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.729 -
The Hospital Jun 1909
PubMed: 29815268
DOI: No ID Found