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JCO Global Oncology Jan 2023The proportion of head and neck cancers (HNCs) with human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is poorly characterized. Characterizing this has...
PURPOSE
The proportion of head and neck cancers (HNCs) with human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is poorly characterized. Characterizing this has implications in staging, prognosis, resource allocation, and vaccination policies. This study aims to determine the proportion of HPV-associated HNC in SSA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This systematic review included searches from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online. All English publications reporting the proportion of HNC specimens from SSA patients who tested positive for HPV and/or p16 were included. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Case Series Studies.
RESULTS
In this systematic review of 31 studies and 3,850 patients, the overall p16 positivity was 13.6% (41 of 1,037 patients tested) with the highest proportion among oropharyngeal cancers (20.3%, 78 of 384 patients) and the overall HPV polymerase chain reaction positivity was 15.3% (542 of 3,548 samples tested) with the highest proportion among nasopharyngeal cancers (16.5%, 23 of 139 patients). Among the 369 HPV strains detected, the most common genotypes were HPV 16 (226 patients, 59.2%) and HPV 18 (78, 20.4%).
CONCLUSION
HPV was found to be associated with a significant proportion of HNC in SSA. The genotypes reported suggest that the nine-valent vaccine and gender-neutral vaccination policies should be considered. Given that these studies may not accurately capture prevalence nor causation of HPV in HNC subsites, additional research is needed to provide a more thorough epidemiologic understanding of HPV-associated HNC in SSA, including risk factors and clinical outcomes.
Topics: United States; Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36730877
DOI: 10.1200/GO.22.00259 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2023We sought to summarize human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacy/effectiveness (VE) against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection, Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Recurrence of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
We sought to summarize human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacy/effectiveness (VE) against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN).
METHODS
We performed literature review and meta-analysis to estimate VE, stratified by age and analytic population (per-protocol efficacy [PPE] or intention-to-treat [ITT] population in clinical trials, or all participants in real-world studies).
RESULTS
We identified 6 clinical trials and 8 real-world studies. In participants vaccinated at age ≤26 years (mainly human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-negative individuals), significant VE against incident/prevalent anal HPV infection was reported in clinical trials, with a higher estimate in PPE (2 studies with 2390 participants; VE, 84% [95% confidence interval (CI), 77%-90%]; I2 = 0%) than ITT (2 studies with 4885 participants; 55%, 39%-67%; I2 = 46%) populations or in real-world studies (4 studies with 2375 participants; 77%, 40%-91%; I2 = 81%). HPV vaccination at age ≤26 years was associated with significant VE in preventing persistent anal HPV infection and AIN. No significant VE against anal HPV infection or AIN was found in persons vaccinated at age >26 years (mainly people living with HIV).
CONCLUSIONS
There is strong evidence for high VE against anal HPV infection and AIN in HIV-negative individuals vaccinated at age ≤26 years. However, the lower impact in ITT than in PPE populations and the lack of significant effect in people living with HIV aged >26 years indicates that vaccines have the higher impact in populations with less sexual exposure to anal HPV.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Anus Neoplasms; Carcinoma in Situ; HIV Infections; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37257044
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad183 -
Reviews in Medical Virology Sep 2023Head and neck cancer, one of the most commonly prevalent malignancies globally is a complex category of tumours that comprises cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and... (Review)
Review
A systematic review on the molecular and clinical association between Human Papillomavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infection in Head, Neck and Oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Head and neck cancer, one of the most commonly prevalent malignancies globally is a complex category of tumours that comprises cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. A specific subgroup of such cancers has been found with some unique chromosomal, therapeutic, and epidemiologic traits with the possibility of affecting via co-infection. About 25% of all head and neck cancers in the population are human papillomavirus infection (HPV)-associated, typically developing in the oropharynx, which comprises the tonsils. In the period of efficient combined antiviral treatment, HPV-positive oral cancers are also becoming a significant contributor to illness and fatality for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons. Although the prevalence and historical background of oral HPV transmission are not thoroughly understood, it seems likely that oral HPV transmission is relatively frequent in HIV-infected people when compared to the overall population. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanisms leading to this co-infection, as there is very little research related to that. Hence, this study mainly focus on the therapeutical and biomedical analysis of HPV and HIV co-infection in the above-mentioned cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Mouth Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Coinfection; Head and Neck Neoplasms; HIV Infections; HIV; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37280764
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2462 -
Head & Neck Jul 2022Data describing features and management of oropharyngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) remain sparse. A systematic review was performed. Patients were stratified by... (Review)
Review
Data describing features and management of oropharyngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) remain sparse. A systematic review was performed. Patients were stratified by treatment modality and examined for disease progression and survival outcomes. Ninety-four patients from 50 publications were included. Average age at diagnosis was 59.7 years (range 14-83). 73.4% were male. Most studies did not document HPV status. Forty patients (85.1%) were p16 positive, and 34 (85.0%) were HPV-ISH positive. Overall survival was 75.4% at 1 year, and 40.0% at 2 years. Of patients with locoregional disease, 33.8% developed distant metastasis. 12.5% of patients developed locoregional recurrence. Patients who developed distant metastases had worse overall survival (p = 0.0004). No significant difference was found between treatment modalities. Human papilloma virus may be associated with oropharyngeal NEC. Current treatments provide locoregional control, but distant metastases are common and confer low overall survival.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 35437851
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27055 -
The Aging Male : the Official Journal... Jun 2020There is growing evidence showing a putative association between high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and an increased risk of PCa. The aim of the current... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
There is growing evidence showing a putative association between high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and an increased risk of PCa. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between HPV infection and PCa risk. This analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. We included all studies on HPV DNA or antibodies detected in biopsy tissues or sera. Available data were extracted from the article, including means and standard deviations in all case-control groups. Thirty studies that investigated the link between HPV-16 and -18 were identified as eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis, including a total of 6321 participants. The pooled OR showed increased risk of PCa (OR =1.37; < .01) in men positive for HPV-16. There were seven studies with 2391 PCa cases and 4059 controls investigating the association between HPV-18 infection and PCa risk. Significant heterogeneity between study was found in the pooled analyzes. The pooled OR did not show increased risk of PCa (OR =0.80; = .49) in men positive for HPV-18. This meta-analysis suggests that HPV-16 infection could represent a risk factor for PCa, whereas we found no such association for HPV-18. Further well-conducted studies could be useful to confirm this conclusion.
Topics: Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29571270
DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1455178 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Apr 2022Despite the high risks associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV vaccination rate of men is far lower than women. Most previous review studies have focused on... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite the high risks associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV vaccination rate of men is far lower than women. Most previous review studies have focused on female vaccination and related affecting factors. However, previous studies have reported that the factors affecting HPV vaccination differ by gender.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to identify the factors affecting HPV vaccine initiation in men through a systematic review approach.
METHODS
A literature review was conducted across 3 central electronic databases for relevant articles. A total of 30 articles published between 2013 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in this study.
RESULTS
In total, 50 factors affecting HPV vaccination in men were identified, including 13 sociodemographic factors and social structure factors, 12 belief-related variables, 4 family factors, 4 community factors, 14 variables related to needs, and 3 environmental factors.
CONCLUSIONS
To increase HPV vaccination rates in men, strategies targeting young males and their families should consider frequent visits to or contact with health care providers so that health care professionals can provide recommendations for HPV vaccination.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 35471242
DOI: 10.2196/34070 -
Research in Nursing & Health Jun 2021The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes many anogenital and oral cancers affecting young adults in the United States. Vaccination during adolescence can prevent...
The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes many anogenital and oral cancers affecting young adults in the United States. Vaccination during adolescence can prevent HPV-associated cancers, but vaccine uptake among adolescents is low and influenced by factors serving as barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination. In this systematic review, we synthesized research using the socioecological framework model to examine individual-level, relationship-level, community-level, and societal-level factors that influence HPV vaccine initiation and completion among US adolescents. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to guide the methodology for this review. An electronic search was conducted in January 2020 using PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest Central, Scopus, and American Psychological Association PsycInfo databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used to assess the quality for the 57 studies included in this review. The most consistent influences of HPV vaccination included age at vaccination, awareness, and knowledge about HPV vaccination, socioeconomic status, insurance status, race/ethnicity, and preventative care behaviors at the individual level. Provider recommendation, familial/peer support of vaccination, and parental health behaviors were influences at the relationship level. Although fewer findings elucidated community-level and societal-level influences, high-poverty areas, high-risk communities with large proportions of racial/ethnic minority groups, healthcare facilities servicing children, and combined health policies appear to serve as facilitators of HPV initiation and completion. Findings from this review can inform culturally relevant and age-specific interventions and multi-level policies aiming to improve HPV vaccination coverage in the United States.
Topics: Adolescent; Ethnicity; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Minority Groups; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Vaccination
PubMed: 33860541
DOI: 10.1002/nur.22135 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2024Despite the ongoing global vaccination campaign aimed at preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) related health issues, the uptake of the HPV vaccine remains unacceptably... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Despite the ongoing global vaccination campaign aimed at preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) related health issues, the uptake of the HPV vaccine remains unacceptably low in developing regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent school girls in SSA. Electronic bio-medical databases were explored. Pooled prevalence, publication bias, meta-regression, sub-group, and sensitivity analysis were performed. The estimated pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake was 28.53% [95% CI: (5.25, 51.81)]. Having good knowledge and a positive attitude was significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake in SSA. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest uptake was 62.52% from Kenya and the lowest was 3.77% in Nigeria. The HPV vaccine uptake is low. It underscores the need for community education, school-based immunization, and education programs that promote the uptake of the vaccine to increase coverage.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccination; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Africa South of the Sahara
PubMed: 38505959
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326295 -
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Dec 2020To evaluate what is currently known about the risk to surgeons and other operating theatre (OT) staff of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission and HPV-related disease...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate what is currently known about the risk to surgeons and other operating theatre (OT) staff of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission and HPV-related disease following surgical smoke exposure.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of Embase and Ovid-MEDLINE was undertaken for primary studies relevant to the presence of HPV in surgical smoke, contamination of OT staff with HPV after performing or attending smoke-generating surgical procedures, and the presence of HPV or HPV-related disease in OT staff following occupational surgical smoke exposure. Additional articles were identified by searching the reference lists of relevant published papers.
RESULTS
Twenty-one relevant articles were identified. These demonstrate that surgical smoke from the treatment of HPV-related lesions can contain HPV DNA, and that this can contaminate the upper airways of OT staff. Whether this corresponds to infectious virus is not known. Increased prevalence of HPV infection or HPV-related disease in OT staff following occupational exposure to surgical smoke has not been convincingly shown.
CONCLUSIONS
While HPV transmission to OT staff from surgical smoke remains unproven, it would be safest to treat surgical smoke as potentially infectious. Necessary precautions should be taken when performing smoke-generating procedures, consisting of: (1) local exhaust ventilation, (2) general room ventilation and (3) full personal protective equipment including a fit tested particulate respirator of at least N95 grade. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend HPV vaccination for OT staff or to state that the above precautions, when used properly, would not be effective at preventing HPV transmission from surgical smoke.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; DNA; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Medical Staff, Hospital; Occupational Exposure; Operating Rooms; Papillomavirus Infections; Smoke; Surgeons; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Universal Precautions
PubMed: 32385189
DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106333 -
Epidemiology and Infection Jan 2015We conducted a systematic review summarizing data on incidence of high- and low-grade lesions in women with normal baseline cervical cytology, stratified by age (<30 and... (Review)
Review
We conducted a systematic review summarizing data on incidence of high- and low-grade lesions in women with normal baseline cervical cytology, stratified by age (<30 and ⩾30 years), and baseline human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Incidence of high- and low-grade lesions in women aged ⩾30 years with a baseline HPV infection increased over follow-up time (5-127 months), although incidence generally remained <10%. Without baseline HPV infection, incidence of high-grade lesions remained low over follow-up time (<5% over 5-122 months). Incidence of high-grade lesions in women aged ⩾30 years with baseline HPV infection appeared similar to that in women aged <30 years. In some women aged <30 years, high-grade lesions can develop relatively shortly after initial HPV infection. We observed an increase in low-grade lesions over time in women aged ⩾30 years with baseline HPV infection, potentially indicative of an HPV infection that is potentially progressing to higher grade lesions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Young Adult
PubMed: 24877975
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268814001356