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Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Mar 2017Self-reported maternal weight is error-prone, and the context of pregnancy may impact error distributions. This systematic review summarizes error in self-reported... (Review)
Review
Self-reported maternal weight is error-prone, and the context of pregnancy may impact error distributions. This systematic review summarizes error in self-reported weight across pregnancy and assesses implications for bias in associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar through November 2015 for peer-reviewed articles reporting accuracy of self-reported, pregnancy-related weight at four time points: prepregnancy, delivery, over gestation and postpartum. Included studies compared maternal self-report to anthropometric measurement or medical report of weights. Sixty-two studies met inclusion criteria. We extracted data on magnitude of error and misclassification. We assessed impact of reporting error on bias in associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. Women underreported prepregnancy (PPW: -2.94 to -0.29 kg) and delivery weight (DW: -1.28 to 0.07 kg), and over-reported gestational weight gain (GWG: 0.33 to 3 kg). Magnitude of error was small, ranged widely, and varied by prepregnancy weight class and race/ethnicity. Misclassification was moderate (PPW: 0-48.3%; DW: 39.0-49.0%; GWG: 16.7-59.1%), and overestimated some estimates of population prevalence. However, reporting error did not largely bias associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. Although measured weight is preferable, self-report is a cost-effective and practical measurement approach. Future researchers should develop bias correction techniques for self-reported pregnancy-related weight.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Empirical Research; Female; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Weight Gain
PubMed: 28170169
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12486 -
Journal of Critical Care Medicine... Apr 2023To date, recommendations for the implementation of awake prone positioning in patients with hypoxia secondary to SARSCoV2 infection have been extrapolated from prior...
To date, recommendations for the implementation of awake prone positioning in patients with hypoxia secondary to SARSCoV2 infection have been extrapolated from prior studies on respiratory distress. Thus, we carried out a systematic review and metaanalysis to evaluate the benefits of pronation on the oxygenation, need for endotracheal intubation (ETI), and mortality of this group of patients. We carried out a systematic search in the PubMed and Embase databases between June 2020 and November 2021. A randomeffects metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the impact of pronation on the ETI and mortality rates. A total of 213 articles were identified, 15 of which were finally included in this review. A significant decrease in the mortality rate was observed in the group of pronated patients (relative risk [RR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.480.99; p = 0.044), but no significant effect was observed on the need for ETI (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.631.00; p = 0.051). However, a subgroup analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) did reveal a significant decrease in the need for this intervention (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.710.97). Prone positioning was found to significantly reduce mortality, also diminishing the need for ETI, although this effect was statistically significant only in the subgroup analysis of RCTs. Patients' response to awake prone positioning could be greater when this procedure is implemented early and in combination with noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) or highflow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy.
PubMed: 37593248
DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0014 -
Psychosomatic MedicineAlthough several studies have examined the association between estradiol and human aggression, a consistent understanding of their correlation has yet to be established.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Although several studies have examined the association between estradiol and human aggression, a consistent understanding of their correlation has yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate this relationship comprehensively.
METHODS
We systematically searched five English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) from their inception to June 5, 2023. Two authors independently screened publications and extracted data based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4, and a random-effects model was used to pool the data.
RESULTS
We identified 14 eligible studies comprising data from 1820 participants that met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis indicated a positive correlation between estradiol and human aggression, albeit a weak one. The pooled Fisher z value was 0.16 (95% confidence interval = 0.05-0.26; I2 = 73%, p <.00001). Furthermore, we found that participants' sex and age, the measures of aggression, and the literature quality might be sources of heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
Human aggression exhibited a weak positive correlation with estradiol concentration, whereas this relationship was influenced by participants' sex and age, the measure of aggression used, and the quality assessment of the literature. Gaining a better understanding of the association between estradiol and aggression could aid in the identification of populations prone to aggression.
Topics: Humans; Aggression; Estradiol; Research Design
PubMed: 37678333
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001247 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Sep 2020This systematic review has examined more than 300 original papers dealing with the biology of overfeeding. Studies have varied from 1 day to 6 months. Overfeeding... (Review)
Review
This systematic review has examined more than 300 original papers dealing with the biology of overfeeding. Studies have varied from 1 day to 6 months. Overfeeding produced weight gain in adolescents, adult men and women and in older men. In longer term studies, there was a clear and highly significant relationship between energy ingested and weight gain and fat storage with limited individual differences. There is some evidence for a contribution of a genetic component to this response variability. The response to overfeeding was affected by the baseline state of the groups being compared: those with insulin resistance versus insulin sensitivity; those prone to obesity versus those resistant to obesity; and those with metabolically abnormal obesity versus those with metabolically normal obesity. Dietary components, such as total fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrate influenced the patterns of adipose tissue distribution as did the history of low or normal birth weight. Overfeeding affected the endocrine system with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and triiodothyronine frequently present. Growth hormone, in contrast, was rapidly suppressed. Changes in plasma lipids were influenced by diet, exercise and the magnitude of weight gain. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism are substantially altered by chronic overfeeding.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biology; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Hyperphagia; Insulin Resistance; Male; Obesity; Weight Gain
PubMed: 32515127
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13040 -
A Systematic Review on Pulmonary Complications Secondary to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Cureus May 2022The main purpose of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize evidence about pulmonary complications following stem cell transplantation to raise awareness... (Review)
Review
The main purpose of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize evidence about pulmonary complications following stem cell transplantation to raise awareness among physicians since it is a lesser-known topic. Studies that included targeted pulmonary complications that occurred after stem cell transplantation; in humans; and were randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case studies between January 2011 and 2021. Fifteen intervention features were identified and analyzed in terms of their association with successful or unsuccessful interventions. Fifteen of 15 studies that met inclusion criteria had positive results. Features that appeared to have the most consistent positive effects included relevant information consisting of clinical presentations and management of complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a therapeutic method that has been introduced for various hematological diseases. Its main objective is to restore the hematopoietic function that has been eradicated or affected. The stem cell transplantation requires a period of administration of chemotherapeutic agents that may lead to infectious and/or non-infectious pulmonary complications that require follow-up. Noninfectious pulmonary complications include bronchiolitis obliterans, alveolar hemorrhage, fibroelastosis, pulmonary hypertension, and infections. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is an obstructive lung disease that affects the small airways, reducing lung function, and it's the most frequent late-onset complication. Furthermore, diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage is a fatal adverse effect and the most common noninfectious pulmonary complication of acute leukemia, observed within the first weeks after the procedure. Pulmonary hypertension has multiple etiologies, mainly related to the pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. It carries a poor prognosis, with a 55% mortality rate. The area of hematology is very wide and prone to new development of treatments and procedures that could be available for new emerging diseases and improving survival rates.
PubMed: 35686267
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24807 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Sep 2021Adolescent mental health is becoming a critical concern. Mental illness rates are rising and many psychological disorders first present symptoms during teenage years.... (Review)
Review
Adolescent mental health is becoming a critical concern. Mental illness rates are rising and many psychological disorders first present symptoms during teenage years. Studies consistently show associations between the built environment and mental health, including internalising mental health disorders in adults, but the evidence for adolescents is less robust and few studies attempt to isolate causality. This review examines the relationship between the urban public realm and adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Our search yielded 24 studies for inclusion. We undertook qualitative synthesis of 20 cross-sectional studies and conducted a separate quality analysis of four longitudinal studies. Greenspace and neighbourhood quality are associated with adolescent mental health and wellbeing although this may be due more to residual confounding, selection effects and same-source bias than evidence for a causal effect. Furthermore, the few longitudinal studies that seek to test causality remain prone to these biases. Overall, we find little evidence of an effect of the urban public realm on adolescent mental health and wellbeing, which, we argue, reflects the difficulty of researching complex pathways between environments and health and highlights a challenge to the field. To address this challenge, we propose a research agenda that prioritises more and better data drawn from diverse study designs, and more and better theories developed from diverse epistemologies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health; Adult; Built Environment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mental Health; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 34333404
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114242 -
Advances in Skin & Wound Care Jan 2023To investigate the relationship between COVID-19 related variables and hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) incidence.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between COVID-19 related variables and hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) incidence.
DATA SOURCES
The authors searched four databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The literature search contained key terms such as COVID-19, hospital-acquired pressure injuries, pressure ulcer, pressure injury, decubitus ulcer, and hospitalization.
STUDY SELECTION
The systematic search of the literature identified 489 publications that matched the inclusion criteria. This included peer-reviewed publications that reported HAPI incidence for patients who were hospitalized and COVID-19 positive. Two reviewers performed the screen simultaneously and 19 publications were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers followed a standardized extraction form that included study and patient characteristics, COVID-19 status, HAPI characteristics, prone positioning, length of hospitalization, and HAPI prevention and treatment strategies.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A narrative synthesis of the extracted data was carried out because the data obtained were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. The primary outcome was HAPI incidence.
CONCLUSIONS
This review identified that HAPI incidence was high among men who were COVID-19 positive, had longer hospital stays, experienced prone positioning, and had care teams without a skin and wound care expert. Future research should employ more robust methodology and focus on quantitative modeling to iteratively improve in-patient HAPI guidelines.
PubMed: 36705972
DOI: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000919408.20614.61 -
Arab Journal of Urology Jun 2016To review the literature reporting the technique of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and outcomes for prone and supine PCNL, as PCNL is an established treatment for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature reporting the technique of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and outcomes for prone and supine PCNL, as PCNL is an established treatment for renal calculi and both prone and supine PCNL have been described, but there has been much debate as to the optimal position for renal access in PCNL.
METHODS
A review of the medical literature was conducted using the PubMed database to identify relevant studies reporting on prone and supine PCNL published up until July 2015. Only publications in English were considered. Search terms included 'supine', 'prone', 'percutaneous nephrolithotomy', 'PCNL' and 'randomised controlled trial'. Articles relevant to the particular aspect of PCNL discussed were selected.
RESULTS
In all, 30 articles were included in the literature review. Nine of these articles were of Level 1 Evidence as graded by the Oxford System of Evidence-based Medicine.
CONCLUSION
The present systematic review highlights the benefits and disadvantages of supine and prone PCNL. The published data on supine and prone PCNL have shown no significant superiority of either approach. Whether prone or supine PCNL is optimal, remains a debatable topic.
PubMed: 27489736
DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2016.01.005 -
Cureus Jul 2022As the globe continues to grapple and scuffle with new emerging strains of COVID every day, a set of recovered patients continue to show persistent enervating symptoms.... (Review)
Review
As the globe continues to grapple and scuffle with new emerging strains of COVID every day, a set of recovered patients continue to show persistent enervating symptoms. Many patients never fully recovered after COVID and had neurological and psychiatric symptoms for weeks or months. The emphasis of our study is on these long haulers, particularly on the two critical organ systems of the body, i.e., the central nervous system and the muscular system. Depending upon the severity of the disease, many signs and symptoms continue to linger, ranging from weeks to months. A total of 29 studies are included in our review after thorough screening, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality appraisals. The total number of patients included is 6012. We found many long-term effects, but the emphasis of our study continued to remain on the two main organ systems that resulted in prolonged COVID with debilitating symptoms and thus affected the quality of life of these patients. Various factors and underlying pathophysiologic manifestations result in the predominance of these signs and symptoms. Furthermore, the patient's underlying medical conditions and other environmental factors may add to it. More focus is required on the quality of life post-COVID, and this requires a team of specialists. There are still many unanswered questions like which ethnicity is affected more, why females are more prone to the long symptoms, and the effects of various treatments on the long-term signs and symptoms.
PubMed: 36060385
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27441 -
Journal of Pediatric Urology Oct 2020To determine whether excising a testicular remnant or nubbin is necessary and perform a systematic review of the incidental ectopic adrenal cortical rest associated with... (Review)
Review
AIM
To determine whether excising a testicular remnant or nubbin is necessary and perform a systematic review of the incidental ectopic adrenal cortical rest associated with undescended testis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of impalpable undescended testis was carried out between May 2016 and June 2019. The demographic data, intra-operative findings and histopathological diagnosis were analyzed. In conjunction with this, systematic search of PUBMED and EMBASE database was performed by using the search terms "undescended testis" AND "ectopic adrenal tissue". Data was collected for demographic characteristics, size and appearance of ectopic adrenal cortical rest and histopathology. Quantitative data has been presented as medians. Categorical variables have been presented as percentages.
RESULT
We encountered 43 cases of impalpable undescended testis, out of which, nubbins were identified in 9 cases. Incidence of EACT in nubbin and impalpable UDT was 2/9 (22.22%) and 2/43 (4.7%) respectively. None of the excised nubbin had germ cells. On Systematic review, EACT associated with UDT was seen in 90/2501 (3.6%), while its association with testicular nubbin has been reported only once before in a case report.
CONCLUSION
A testicular nubbin is a condition wherein no viable testicular tissue can be grossly identified in a case of impalpable testis. Even when germ cells are not found in the excised nubbin, the presence of ectopic adrenal cortical rest make them prone to later malignant transformation. Association of EACT with UDT has been consistently reported but there is scarcity of such documentation in association with testicular nubbin.
Topics: Cryptorchidism; Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY; Humans; Male; Rest; Retrospective Studies; Testis
PubMed: 32741641
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.07.011