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Assessment Apr 2023Children's unique developmental and contextual needs make it challenging to measure empathy validly and reliably. This scoping review is the first to collate currently... (Review)
Review
Children's unique developmental and contextual needs make it challenging to measure empathy validly and reliably. This scoping review is the first to collate currently available information about self-report, other-report, and performance-based questionnaire measures of empathy for children aged up to 11 years. Following the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR; Tricco et al., 2018), a literature search using PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar identified 24 relevant measures of empathy in children, with publication years spanning 1958 to 2019. Questionnaires could broadly be classified into four groups, according to the extent to which they were developed with children's developmental needs and contexts in mind, and were based on contemporary theory and research findings. There was a distinction between performance-based measures, which elicited children's empathy-related responses to novel content and therefore assessed situational state empathy, and self- and other-report measures, which rated children's general empathic tendencies and thus assessed dispositional trait empathy. Results highlighted the importance of researchers having clarity on their definition of empathy and choosing measures consistent with this, and the merit of utilizing a multimodal assessment approach.
Topics: Child; Humans; Empathy; Self Report
PubMed: 35012357
DOI: 10.1177/10731911211069677 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important... (Review)
Review
Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important for documenting emotional and abstract concepts, such as anxiety. Children may not always be able to communicate their symptoms due to language difficulties, a lack of developmental language skills, or the severity of their illness. Instruments with sufficient psychometric quality and pictorial support may address this communication challenge. The purpose of this review was to systematically search the published literature and identify validated and reliable self-report instruments available for children aged 5-18 years to use in the assessment of their anxiety to ensure they receive appropriate anxiety-relief intervention in hospital. What validated self-report instruments can children with cancer use to self-report anxiety in the hospital setting? Which of these instruments offer pictorial support? Eight instruments were identified, but most of the instruments lacked pictorial support. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) 3.0 Brain Tumor Module and Cancer Module proved to be useful in hospitalized children with cancer, as they provide pictorial support. It is recommended that faces or symbols be used along with the VAS, as pictures are easily understood by younger children. Future studies could include the adaptation of existing instruments in digital e-health tools.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Child, Preschool; Humans; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Self Report
PubMed: 33669455
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041911 -
The Journal of Pain Sep 2017Claims are made for the validity of some self-report pain scales for 3- and 4-year-old children, but little is known about their ability to use such tools. This... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Claims are made for the validity of some self-report pain scales for 3- and 4-year-old children, but little is known about their ability to use such tools. This systematic review identified self-report pain intensity measures used with 3- and/or 4- year-old participants (3-4yo) and considered their reliability and validity within this age span. The search protocol identified research articles that included 3-4yo, reported use of any pain scale, and included self-reported pain intensity ratings. A total of 1,590 articles were screened and 617 articles met inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 98% aggregated self-report data for 3-4yo with data for older children, leading to overestimates of the reliability and validity of self-report in the younger age group. In the 14 studies that provided nonaggregated data for 3-4yo, there was no evidence for 3-year-old and weak evidence for 4-year-old children being able to use published self-report pain intensity tools in a valid or reliable way. Preschool-age children have been reported to do better with fewer than the 6 response options offered on published faces scales. Simplified tools are being developed for young children; however, more research is needed before these are adopted.
PERSPECTIVE
Some self-report pain scales have been promoted for use with 3- and 4-year-old children, but this is on the basis of studies that aggregated data for younger and older children, resulting in overestimates of reliability and validity for the preschool-age children. Scales with fewer response options show promise, at least for 4-year-old children.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cognition; Humans; Pain Measurement; Psychology, Child; Self Report
PubMed: 28347796
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.03.005 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Jun 2021The crisis in child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing has prompted the development of school and community-based interventions to tackle negative emotions... (Review)
Review
The crisis in child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing has prompted the development of school and community-based interventions to tackle negative emotions towards the self. Providing an evidence-base for such interventions is therefore a priority for policy makers and practitioners. This paper presents the first systematic review of self-referential and self-report measures of negative emotions for use with non-clinical child/adolescent populations, and evaluation of their psychometric properties. A systematic search of electronic databases and grey literature was conducted. Peer reviewed articles that introduced a new measure or included psychometric evaluation of a negative self-referential emotion for children and/or adolescents were identified. Study characteristics were extracted, and psychometric properties rated using internationally recognised quality criteria. Initially, 98 measures designed for evaluating children and adolescents' negative self-referential emotions were found. Measures were primarily excluded if they were intended for clinical diagnosis or did not focus on self-referential emotions. The remaining eight measures (Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire; Self-Consciousness Scale-Children; Shame and Guilt Scale for Adolescents; Test of Self-Conscious Affect- Adolescents; The Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale [CAPS]; Child and Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Revised; Children Automatic Thoughts Scale [CATS]; Negative Affect Self-Statement Questionnaire) were organised into domains consisting of self-conscious emotions, self-oriented perfectionism and negative self-cognitions. Psychometric quality ratings identified the CAPS (Flett et al. in J Psychoeduc Assess 34:634-652, 2016) and the CATS (Schniering and Rapee in Behav Res Ther 40:1091-1109, 2002) as having the strongest psychometric qualities. However, all reviewed measures lacked full evaluation of essential psychometric properties. Our review revealed a paucity of self-referential emotional measures suitable for assessing adverse negative self-referential emotions in general child and adolescent populations. Measures suitable for use in non-clinical samples were identified, but these require further evaluation and/or new scale developments are needed. The psychometric findings and methodological issues identified will guide researchers and practitioners to make evidence-based decisions in order to select optimal measures.
Topics: Adolescent; Emotions; Guilt; Humans; Self Concept; Self Report; Shame
PubMed: 33544312
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00339-9 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Mar 2023Craving is one of the main criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5; however, it is not included in the main criteria for gambling... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Craving is one of the main criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5; however, it is not included in the main criteria for gambling disorder (GD). In the present systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the available body of knowledge regarding gambling craving to help step forward to a consensus regarding this topic.
DATA SOURCES
PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES and PubMed/Medline were used.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS
(1) individuals of both genders who had a clinical diagnosis of GD in which the presence of gambling craving were studied by means of tasks or self-report tools; (2) we included three types of studies: (a) validation articles of craving psychometric tools in which GD was assessed; (b) articles in which craving-GD association was explored; and (c) treatment articles for GD in which craving was assessed.
RESULTS
n = 63 studies were finally included in the systematic review. Some studies described an association between craving- and gambling-related factors, and craving was also described as a predictor of GD severity, gambling episodes, chasing persistence and income-generating offenses. Gambling craving also seems to be associated with emotional states and negative urgency. Finally, some studies implemented specific interventions for GD and assessed its impact on reducing gambling craving.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a growing body of knowledge on the relevant role of craving in gambling behavior and GD. Further studies are needed to reach a consensus on the diagnostic criterion for GD.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Gambling; Craving; Substance-Related Disorders; Emotions; Self Report
PubMed: 36787136
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00080 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2021Epidemiological and interventional research has highlighted sleep as a potentially modifiable risk factor associated with poor physical and mental health. Emerging... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Epidemiological and interventional research has highlighted sleep as a potentially modifiable risk factor associated with poor physical and mental health. Emerging evidence from (behavioral) genetic research also shows that sleep characteristics are under strong genetic control. With this study we aimed to meta-analyze the literature in this area to quantify the heritability of sleep duration and sleep quality in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature search in five online databases on January 24th 2020. Two authors independently screened 5644 abstracts, and 160 complete articles for the inclusion criteria of twin studies from the general population reporting heritability statistics on sleep duration and/or quality, and written in English. We ultimately included 23 papers (19 independent samples: 45,328 twins between 6 mo and 88 y) for sleep duration, and 13 papers (10 independent samples: 39,020 twins between 16 and 95 y) for sleep quality. Collectively, we showed that 46% of the variability in sleep duration and 44% of the variability in sleep quality is genetically determined. The remaining variation in the sleep characteristics can mostly be attributed to the unique environment the twins experience, although the shared environment seemed to play a role for the variability of childhood sleep duration. Meta-analyzed heritability estimates for sleep duration, however, varied substantially with age (17% infancy, 20-52% childhood, 69% adolescence and 42-45% adulthood) and reporter (8% parent-report, 38-52% self-report). Heritability estimates for actigraphic and Polysomnography (PSG)-estimated sleep were based on few small samples, warranting more research. Our findings highlight the importance of considering genetic influences when aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to the trajectories of sleep patterns across the lifespan.
Topics: Actigraphy; Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Polysomnography; Self Report; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33636423
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101448 -
Obesity Facts 2017People living with overweight and obesity often experience weight-based stigmatization. Investigations of the prevalence and correlates of weight bias and evaluation of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
People living with overweight and obesity often experience weight-based stigmatization. Investigations of the prevalence and correlates of weight bias and evaluation of weight bias reduction interventions depend upon psychometrically-sound measurement. Our paper is the first to comprehensively evaluate the psychometric properties, use of people-first language within items, and suitability for use with various populations of available self-report measures of weight bias.
METHODS
We searched five electronic databases to identify English-language self-report questionnaires of weight bias. We rated each questionnaire's psychometric properties based on initial validation reports and subsequent use, and examined item language.
RESULTS
Our systematic review identified 40 original self-report questionnaires. Most questionnaires were brief, demonstrated adequate internal consistency, and tapped key cognitive and affective dimensions of weight bias such as stereotypes and blaming. Current psychometric evidence is incomplete for many questionnaires, particularly with regard to the properties of test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change as well as discriminant and structural validity. Most questionnaires were developed prior to debate surrounding terminology preferences, and do not employ people-first language in the items administered to participants.
CONCLUSIONS
We provide information and recommendations for clinicians and researchers in selecting psychometrically sound measures of weight bias for various purposes and populations, and discuss future directions to improve measurement of this construct.
Topics: Body Weight; Female; Humans; Language; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Prejudice; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 28601888
DOI: 10.1159/000475716 -
Sleep Medicine Dec 2021The purpose of this study is to summarize the evidence for the association between snoring and hypertension and the effect of snoring on hypertension in men and/or women. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to summarize the evidence for the association between snoring and hypertension and the effect of snoring on hypertension in men and/or women.
METHODS
We searched the articles in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase published up to 12 November 2020 to evaluate the association between snoring and hypertension. Studies were selected according to the predefined screening criteria and their qualities were assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Evaluation Scale. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as effective indicators. It was registered in PROSPERO with the number: CRD42021224912.
RESULTS
According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 studies including eight prospective cohort studies and three cross-sectional studies were included. The results showed that compared with non-snoring participants, snoring significantly increased the risk of hypertension in both men and women [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-1.42; men: odds ratio (OR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-1.49; women: odds ratio (OR) = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-1.40]. Besides, the risk of hypertension was significantly increased when the snoring frequency was ≥4 nights/week [frequency≥4 nights/week: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-1.66; 4 nights/week >frequency>0: odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.13-1.34].
CONCLUSIONS
Snoring is considered as an independent predictor of hypertension in both men and women, which may play a role in the prevention and control of hypertension. People who snore frequently should pay close attention to their blood pressure levels to prevent hypertension.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Prospective Studies; Self Report; Snoring
PubMed: 34749273
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.016 -
Current Rheumatology Reports Aug 2016This study had two objectives: to describe the historical development of self-reported presenteeism instruments that can be used to identify and measure presenteeism as... (Review)
Review
This study had two objectives: to describe the historical development of self-reported presenteeism instruments that can be used to identify and measure presenteeism as a result of musculoskeletal disease (MSD) and to identify if, and how many of these, presenteeism instruments are underpinned by economic theory. Systematic search methods were applied to identify self-report instruments used to quantify presenteeism caused by MSD. A total of 24 self-reported presenteeism instruments were identified; 24 were designed for use in general health, and 1 was specifically designed for use in rheumatoid arthritis. One generic self-reported presenteeism instrument was explicitly reported to be underpinned by economic theory. Overtime, self-reported presenteeism instruments have become more differentiated and complex by incorporating many different contextual factors that may impact levels of presenteeism. Researchers are encouraged to further develop presenteeism instruments that are underpinned by relevant economic theory and informed by robust empirical research.
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Presenteeism; Self Report
PubMed: 27402110
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0600-1 -
Journal of Adolescence Oct 2022Emotional intelligence (EI) is a psychological protective factor that can improve subjective well-being (WB) in adolescents. This study aims to establish the overall... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a psychological protective factor that can improve subjective well-being (WB) in adolescents. This study aims to establish the overall relationship between different EI models (performance-based ability model, self-report ability model, and self-report mixed model) and subjective WB in adolescents, analyze the affective WB and cognitive WB components, and examine the moderating effect of EI models on both types of subjective WB.
METHOD
We searched PsycINFO and WOS databases. Eligible studies reported an association between EI and subjective WB in adolescents aged 10-19 years using instruments that directly measure subjective WB. In addition, two meta-analyses were conducted, one for the relationship between EI and affective WB and the other for EI and cognitive WB.
RESULTS
A total of 41 studies were included, of which 37 were pooled in the meta-analyses. We found a significant positive relationship between EI and affective WB (estimated effect size = 0.35) and between EI and cognitive WB (estimated effect size = 0.27). Regarding EI models, self-report ability showed an estimated effect size of 0.33 for affective WB and 0.27 for cognitive WB. For the self-report mixed model, we obtained an estimated effect size of 0.42 for affective WB and 0.37 for cognitive WB.
CONCLUSIONS
Establishing a quantitative relationship between EI and subjective WB makes it possible to implement clinical and educational prevention measures. Introducing EI training in educational and clinical settings can increase subjective WB, significantly impacting the prevention of emotional disorders in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Educational Status; Emotional Intelligence; Humans; Self Report
PubMed: 35860897
DOI: 10.1002/jad.12075