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Acta Psychologica Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Personality; Self Report
PubMed: 37316377
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103954 -
Journal of Aging and Health Mar 2017The objective of this study was to develop and assess a composite measure of physical capacity using self-report and physical performance items.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to develop and assess a composite measure of physical capacity using self-report and physical performance items.
METHOD
Item response theory (IRT) is used to evaluate measurement properties of self-report and performance items and to develop a composite measure for 7,609 participants in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.
RESULTS
Self-reports distinguish differences at the lower end of physical capacity but not at mid-to-high levels. Performance-based measures discriminate across a fuller spectrum. An IRT-based composite score, drawing on both, provides increased measurement precision across the physical capacity spectrum and detects age group differences if either self-report or performance does so-suggesting it is better suited for studying age-related changes than either measure alone.
DISCUSSION
Self-report and performance measures have different strengths on the physical capacity spectrum. IRT provides a means of combining these different measurement approaches for analyses of physical capacity across a broad range of functioning in later life.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disability Evaluation; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Physical Fitness; Psychometrics; Self Report; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 26965083
DOI: 10.1177/0898264316635566 -
The American Journal of Occupational... 2020Women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptoms may experience difficulty carrying out desired life roles and activities. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptoms may experience difficulty carrying out desired life roles and activities.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a 7-wk tailored occupation-based intervention can reduce perceived stress and ADHD symptoms and enhance perceived performance of and satisfaction with daily roles and activities among women with ADHD.
DESIGN
Randomization to intervention (n = 11) and control (n = 12) groups.
SETTING
Home and community.
PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-three participants ages 20-55 yr, English speaking, and with a self-reported diagnosis of ADHD.
INTERVENTION
The intervention was administered for 7 wk in individual 1-hr sessions and addressed routine establishment, organization, time management, stress management, and sensory regulation in the home and community.
OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
RESULTS
At 1-wk postintervention, statistically significant differences were found between intervention and control groups in perceived stress (Z = -3.838, p < .000, d = -2.66), ADHD symptoms (Z = -3.605, p < .000, d = -2.17), and COPM Performance (Z = -4.074, p < .000, d = 3.04) and Satisfaction change scores (Z = -3.759, p < .000, d = 2.82).
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
A 7-wk tailored intervention reduced perceived stress and ADHD symptoms and enhanced perceived performance of and satisfaction with desired occupational roles and activities in a sample of women with ADHD. Further research is warranted to determine whether the intervention can be useful to women with ADHD beyond the present sample.
WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS
This intervention may offer an effective nonpharmacological option for women with ADHD symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Canada; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Research Design; Self Report; Young Adult
PubMed: 32078512
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.033316 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Tobacco causes premature death through cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease [...].
Tobacco causes premature death through cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease [...].
Topics: Humans; Self Report; Biological Monitoring; Smoking; Nicotiana; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36767170
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031801 -
Arthritis Care & Research Oct 2020
Review
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Self Report
PubMed: 33091242
DOI: 10.1002/acr.24211 -
Behavior Modification Jul 2022Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological...
Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological reactivity were associated with each other during a speech challenge task. A total of 95 university students completed a self-report measure of public speaking anxiety before and after the speech challenge. Speech duration (i.e., behavioral measure), physiological reactivity, as well as speech performance evaluated by the participants and observers were also recorded. The results suggest that self-reported public speaking anxiety predicts speech duration, as well as speech quality, as rated by the participants themselves and observers. However, the physiological measures were not associated with self-reported anxiety during the speech task. Additionally, we observed that socially anxious participants underrate their speech performance in comparison to their observers' evaluations.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Self Report; Speech
PubMed: 33593107
DOI: 10.1177/0145445521994308 -
Substance Use & Misuse 2022ContextBiospecimen analysis may enhance confidence in the accuracy of self-reported substance use among adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY). Associations...
ContextBiospecimen analysis may enhance confidence in the accuracy of self-reported substance use among adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY). Associations between biospecimen types and self-reported use, however, are poorly characterized in the existing literature. We performed a systematic review of associations between biospecimen-confirmed and self-reported substance use. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We included studies documenting associations between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed substance use among adolescents (12-18 years) and TAY (19-26 years) published 1990-2020. Three authors extracted relevant data using a template and assessed bias risk using a modified JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. We screened 1523 titles and abstracts, evaluated 73 full texts for eligibility, and included 28 studies. Most studies examined urine (71.4%) and hair (32.1%) samples. Self-report retrospective recall period varied from past 24 h to lifetime use. Agreement between self-report and biospecimen results were low to moderate and were higher with rapidly metabolized substances (e.g., amphetamines) and when shorter retrospective recall periods were applied. Frequently encountered sources of potential bias included use of non-validated self-report measures and failure to account for confounding factors in the association between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed use. Study heterogeneity prevented a quantitative meta-analysis. Studies varied in retrospective recall periods, biospecimen processing, and use of validated self-report measures. Associations between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed substance use are low to moderate and are higher for shorter recall periods and for substances with rapid metabolism. Future studies should employ validated self-report measures and include demographically diverse samples.
Topics: Adolescent; Bias; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Self Report; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35006043
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2019783 -
Annals of Clinical and Translational... Jan 2022Clinicians rely on patient self-report of impairment during seizures for decisions including driving eligibility. However, the reliability of patient reports on...
OBJECTIVE
Clinicians rely on patient self-report of impairment during seizures for decisions including driving eligibility. However, the reliability of patient reports on cognitive and behavioral functions during seizures remains unknown.
METHODS
We administered a daily questionnaire to epilepsy patients undergoing continuous video-EEG monitoring, asking about responsiveness, speech, memory, awareness, and consciousness during seizures in the preceding 24 hours. We also administered a questionnaire upon admission about responsiveness, speech, and awareness during seizures. Subjective questionnaire answers were compared with objective behavioral ratings on video review. Criteria for agreement were Cohen's kappa >0.60 and proportions of positive and negative agreement both >0.75.
RESULTS
We analyzed 86 epileptic seizures in 39 patients. Memory report on the daily questionnaire met criteria for agreement with video review (κ = 0.674 for early, 0.743 for late recall). Subjective report of awareness also met agreement criteria with video ratings of memory (κ = 0.673 early, 0.774 late). Concordance for speech was relatively good (κ = 0.679) but did not meet agreement criteria, nor did responsiveness or consciousness. On the admission questionnaire, agreement criteria were met for subjective report of awareness versus video ratings of memory (κ = 0.814 early, 0.806 late), but not for other comparisons.
INTERPRETATION
Patient self-report of memory or awareness showed the best concordance with objective memory impairment during seizures. Self-report of impairment in other categories was less reliable. These findings suggest that patient reports about impaired memory during seizures may be most reliable, and otherwise determining functional impairments should be based on objective observations.
Topics: Adult; Awareness; Cognition; Consciousness; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report
PubMed: 35014222
DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51485 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Jul 2022Social media use can sometimes become excessive and damaging. To deal with this issue, scholars and practitioners have called for the development of measures that...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Social media use can sometimes become excessive and damaging. To deal with this issue, scholars and practitioners have called for the development of measures that predict social media use. The current studies test the utility of evaluation and self-identification measures for predicting social media use.
METHOD
Study 1 examined the relation between evaluation (n = 58) and self-identification (n = 56) measures on the one hand and several self-report measures of social media use on the other hand. Study 2 examined whether the main results of Study 1 could be replicated and whether evaluation (n = 68) and self-identification (n = 48) also relate to actual social media use. We probed evaluation and self-identification using implicit and explicit measures.
RESULTS
Explicit evaluation and self-identification measures significantly correlated with several of the self-report measures of social media. Explicit evaluation also significantly correlated with several indices of actual social media use. Implicit measures did not relate to social media use.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The current results suggest that researchers and practitioners could benefit from using explicit evaluation and self-identification measures when predicting social media use, especially an evaluation measure since this measure also seems to relate to actual social media use. Study 2 was one of the first to test the ecological validity of social media use measures. Although implicit measures could provide benefits for predicting social media use, the current studies did not show evidence for their predictive utility.
Topics: Humans; Self Concept; Self Report; Social Media
PubMed: 35895558
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00042 -
Journal of Fluency Disorders Dec 2018To (1) analyze verbatim wording used by adults who stutter (AWS) to self-disclose stuttering, (2) determine contexts in which AWS may self-disclose, (3) examine the use...
PURPOSE
To (1) analyze verbatim wording used by adults who stutter (AWS) to self-disclose stuttering, (2) determine contexts in which AWS may self-disclose, (3) examine the use of self-disclosure by AWS about other aspects of their identity, and (4) investigate the ways in which speech-language pathologists (SLPs) develop self-disclosure statements with AWS.
METHOD
Web-based questionnaires were administered to AWS (N = 42) and SLPs (N = 33) who work with AWS. The AWS questionnaire asked about the verbatim wording of self-disclosure statements used by AWS and the contexts in which they utilize them. For SLPs, the questionnaire probed how and why they work with AWS to formulate self-disclosure statements. Responses were openly coded and then funneled into concepts for analysis.
RESULTS
The majority of AWS provided verbatim self-disclosure statements which were educational in nature. However, when responding to fixed choices and when reporting on self-disclosing other aspects of their lives, the majority of participants selected a direct statement. The majority of AWS reported that they self-disclose when interviewing for a job. SLPs reportedly instruct their clients to use educational self-disclosure statements. SLPs also reported that they use an individualized approach to brainstorming self-disclosure statements. Finally, SLPs reported that they find self-disclosure beneficial because it facilitates self-empowerment for AWS.
CONCLUSION
AWS may benefit from learning about the type of self-disclosure statements and the contexts in which other AWS chose to disclose. Additionally, SLPs who work with AWS may benefit from the reported procedures for and types of self-disclosure statements formulated by AWS.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Self Disclosure; Self Report; Stuttering
PubMed: 30286946
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.09.004