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Nanoscale Feb 2023Skin-mountable electronics are considered to be the future of the next generation of portable electronics, due to their softness and seamless integration with human... (Review)
Review
Skin-mountable electronics are considered to be the future of the next generation of portable electronics, due to their softness and seamless integration with human skin. However, impermeable materials limit device comfort and reliability for long-term, continuous usage. The recent emergence of permeable skin-mountable electronics has attracted tremendous attention in the soft electronics field. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and systematic review of permeable skin-mountable electronics. Typical porous materials and structures are first highlighted, followed by discussion of important device properties. Then, we review the latest representative applications of breathable skin-mountable electronics, such as bioelectrical sensors, temperature sensors, humidity and hydration sensors, strain and pressure sensors, and energy harvesting and storage devices. Finally, a conclusion and future directions for permeable skin electronics are provided.
Topics: Humans; Electronics; Porosity; Reproducibility of Results; Skin; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 36723108
DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06236d -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2022The aim of the present study was to investigate Salmonella behavior in meat stored in cool conditions (between 0 °C and 7.5 °C), by employing a systematic review and... (Review)
Review
The aim of the present study was to investigate Salmonella behavior in meat stored in cool conditions (between 0 °C and 7.5 °C), by employing a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were obtained from research articles published in SciELO, PubMed, the Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The results of the retrieved studies were obtained from meat (beef, chicken, pork, poultry, and turkey), fish, shellfish, and broth media samples The data were extracted as sample size (n), initial concentration (Xi), final concentration (Xf), standard deviation (SD), standard error (SE), and microbial behavior effects (reduction or growth). A meta-analysis was carried out using the metaphor package from R software. A total of 654 articles were initially retrieved. After applying the exclusion criteria, 83 articles were selected for the systematic review, and 61 of these were used for the meta-analysis. Most studies were conducted at 0 °C to 4.4 °C storage temperatures under normal atmosphere package conditions. Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and a cocktail (strain mixture) were inoculated at 5.0 and 6.0 log CFU mL−1. Articles both with and without the addition of antimicrobial compounds were found. Salmonella concentration decreases were observed in most studies, estimated for all study combinations as −0.8429 ± 0.0931 log CFU g−1 (95% CI; −1.0254, −0.6604) (p < 0.001), varying for each subgroup analysis. According to this survey, Salmonella concentration decreases are frequent during cool storage, although concentration increases and no bacterial inactivation were observed in some studies.
PubMed: 36359027
DOI: 10.3390/ani12212902 -
The European Journal of Health... Aug 2022To quantify the association between income and antibiotic misuse including unprescribed use, storage of antibiotics and non-adherence. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To quantify the association between income and antibiotic misuse including unprescribed use, storage of antibiotics and non-adherence.
METHODS
We identified pertinent studies through database search, and manual examination of reference lists of selected articles and review reports. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis of income, both continuous and categorical, in relation to antibiotic misuse. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated under a random-effects random effects model.
RESULTS
Fifty-seven studies from 22 countries of different economic class were included. Overall, the data are in agreement with a flat linear association between income standardized to socio-economic indicators and antibiotic misuse (OR per 1 unit increment = 1.00, p-value = 0.954, p-value non-linearity = 0.429). Data were compatible with no association between medium and high income with general antibiotic misuse (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.89, 1.20 and OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.82, 1.29). Medium income was associated with 19% higher odds of antibiotic storage (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07, 1.32) and 18% higher odds of any aspect of antibiotic misuse in African studies (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.00, 1.39). High income was associated with 51% lower odds of non-adherence to antibiotic treatment (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.34, 0.60). High income was also associated with 11% higher odds of any antibiotic misuse in upper-middle wealth countries (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.22).
CONCLUSIONS
The association between income and antibiotic misuse varies by type of misuse and country wellness. Understanding the socioeconomic properties of antibiotic misuse should prove useful in developing related intervention programs and health policies.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Income
PubMed: 34845563
DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01416-8 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2023Nutrigenomics - the study of the interactions between genetics and nutrition - has emerged as a pivotal field in personalized nutrition. Among various genetic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nutrigenomics - the study of the interactions between genetics and nutrition - has emerged as a pivotal field in personalized nutrition. Among various genetic variations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been extensively studied for their probable relationship with metabolic traits.
METHODS
Throughout this review, we have employed a targeted research approach, carefully handpicking the most representative and relevant articles on the subject. Our methodology involved a systematic review of the scientific literature to ensure a comprehensive and accurate overview of the available sources.
RESULTS
SNPs have demonstrated a significant influence on lipid metabolism, by impacting genes that encode for enzymes involved in lipid synthesis, transport, and storage. Furthermore, they have the ability to affect enzymes in glycolysis and insulin signaling pathways: in a way, they can influence the risk of type 2 diabetes. Thanks to recent advances in genotyping technologies, we now know numerous SNPs linked to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The large-scale studies on this topic have unveiled the potential of personalized dietary recommendations based on an individual's genetic makeup. Personalized nutritional interventions hold promise to mitigate the risk of various chronic diseases; however, translating these scientific insights into actionable dietary guidelines is still challenging.
CONCLUSIONS
As the field of nutrigenomics continues to evolve, collaborations between geneticists, nutritionists, and healthcare providers are essential to harness the power of genetic information for improving metabolic health. By unraveling the genetic basis of metabolic responses to diet, this field holds the potential to revolutionize how we approach dietary recommendations and preventive healthcare practices.
Topics: Humans; Nutrigenomics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Lipids; Carbohydrate Metabolism
PubMed: 37994765
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2023.2488 -
The American Journal of Sports Medicine May 2022Storage procedures and parameters have a significant influence on the health of fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) cartilage. To date, there is a lack of agreement on...
BACKGROUND
Storage procedures and parameters have a significant influence on the health of fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) cartilage. To date, there is a lack of agreement on the optimal storage conditions for OCAs.
PURPOSE
To systematically review the literature on (1) experimental designs and reporting of key variables of ex vivo (laboratory) studies, (2) the effects of various storage solutions and conditions on cartilage health ex vivo, and (3) in vivo animal studies and human clinical studies evaluating the effect of fresh OCA storage on osteochondral repair and outcomes.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review; Level of evidence, 5.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The inclusion criteria were laboratory studies (ex vivo) reporting cartilage health outcomes after prolonged storage (>3 days) of fresh osteochondral or chondral tissue explants and animal studies (in vivo) reporting outcomes of fresh OCA. The inclusion criteria for clinical studies were studies (>5 patients) that analyzed the relationship of storage time or chondrocyte viability at time of implantation to patient outcomes. Frozen, cryopreserved, decellularized, synthetic, or tissue-engineered grafts were excluded.
RESULTS
A total of 55 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Ex vivo studies reported a spectrum of tissue sources and storage solutions and conditions, although the majority of studies lacked complete reporting of key variables, including storage solution formula and environmental conditions. The effect of various conditions (eg, temperature) and storage solutions on cartilage health were inconsistent. Although 60% of animal models suggest that storage time may influence outcomes and 80% indicate inferior outcomes with frozen OCA as compared with fresh OCA, 75% of clinical studies report no correlation between storage time and outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Given the variability in experimental designs and lack of reporting across studies, it is still not possible to determine optimal storage conditions, although animal studies suggest that storage time and chondrocyte viability influence osteochondral repair outcomes. A list of recommendations was developed to encourage reporting of key variables, such as media formulation, environmental factors, and methodologies used. High-quality clinical data are needed to investigate the effects of storage and graft health on outcomes.
Topics: Allografts; Animals; Bone Transplantation; Cartilage; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocytes; Humans; Intra-Articular Fractures; Knee Joint; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 34310184
DOI: 10.1177/03635465211016832 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Blockchain technology was introduced through Bitcoin in a 2008 whitepaper by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. Since its inception, it has gathered great attention... (Review)
Review
Blockchain technology was introduced through Bitcoin in a 2008 whitepaper by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. Since its inception, it has gathered great attention because of its unique properties-immutability and decentralized authority. This technology is now being implemented in various fields such as healthcare, IoT, data management, etc., apart from cryptocurrencies. As it is a newly emerging technology, researchers and organizations face many challenges in integrating this technology into other fields. Consent management is one of the essential processes in an organization because of the ever-evolving privacy laws, which are introduced to provide more control to users over their data. This paper is a systematic review of Blockchain's application in the field of consent and privacy data management. The review discusses the adaptation of Blockchain in healthcare, IoT, identity management, and data storage. This analysis is formed on the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and a process of systematic mapping review. We provide analysis of the development, challenges, and limitations of blockchain technology for consent management.
PubMed: 33535465
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020137 -
Current Urology Reports Jun 2018In the past years, the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction has been widely explored. The aim of our systematic review is to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In the past years, the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction has been widely explored. The aim of our systematic review is to summarize the published evidence over the past year on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED).
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent data support the relationship between LUTS and ED in Eastern Europe and in Asia. The role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors alone or in combination with alpha blockers to treat LUTS and ED, especially in younger patients, is strongly supported by high level of evidence. LUTS and ED are prevalent conditions in men over 50; epidemiologically, the relationship between both conditions has been confirmed all over the world. PDE5i alone or in combination with alpha blockers can be considered the gold standard for the treatment of young patients with storage symptoms and concomitant ED. In clinical research, a better understanding of the molecular pathways behind this association may also help to identify new possible targets and develop novel therapeutic approaches to manage both disorders; the identification of new biomarkers of both disorders is also compulsory in this area.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; Male; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors
PubMed: 29858709
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-018-0817-9 -
Brain Sciences Oct 2018Metal storage disorders (MSDs) are a set of rare inherited conditions with variable clinical pictures including neurological dysfunction. The objective of this study... (Review)
Review
Metal storage disorders (MSDs) are a set of rare inherited conditions with variable clinical pictures including neurological dysfunction. The objective of this study was, through a systematic review, to identify the prevalence of Parkinsonism in patients with MSDs in order to uncover novel pathways implemented in Parkinson's disease. Human studies describing patients of any age with an MSD diagnosis were analysed. Foreign language publications as well as animal and cellular studies were excluded. Searches were conducted through PubMed and Ovid between April and September 2018. A total of 53 publications were identified including 43 case reports, nine cross-sectional studies, and one cohort study. The publication year ranged from 1981 to 2018. The most frequently identified MSDs were Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) with 11 papers describing Parkinsonism, Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) (7 papers), and Wilson's disease (6 papers). The mean ages of onset of Parkinsonism for these MSDs were 33, 53, and 48 years old, respectively. The Parkinsonian features described in the PKAN and HH patients were invariably atypical while the majority (4/6) of the Wilson's disease papers had a typical picture. This paper has highlighted a relationship between MSDs and Parkinsonism. However, due to the low-level evidence identified, further research is required to better define what the relationship is.
PubMed: 30384510
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8110194 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2022Successful spatial cognition involves learning, consolidation, storage, and later retrieval of a spatial memory trace. The functional contributions of specific brain... (Review)
Review
Successful spatial cognition involves learning, consolidation, storage, and later retrieval of a spatial memory trace. The functional contributions of specific brain areas and their interactions during retrieval of past spatial events are unclear. This systematic review collects studies about allocentric remote spatial retrieval assessed at least two weeks post-acquisition in rodents. Results including non-invasive interventions, brain lesion and inactivation experiments, pharmacological treatments, chemical agent administration, and genetic manipulations revealed that there is a normal forgetting when time-periods are close to or exceed one month. Moreover, changes in the morphology and functionality of neocortical areas, hippocampus, and other subcortical structures, such as the thalamus, have been extensively observed as a result of spatial memory retrieval. In conclusion, apart from an increasingly neocortical recruitment in remote spatial retrieval, the hippocampus seems to participate in the retrieval of fine spatial details. These results help to better understand the timing of memory maintenance and normal forgetting, outlining the underlying brain areas implicated.
Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Humans; Memory, Long-Term; Neuroanatomy; Rodentia; Spatial Memory
PubMed: 35278596
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104609 -
Critical Care (London, England) Aug 2018Platelets (PLTs) are usually stored for up to 5 days prior to transfusion, although in some blood services the storage period is extended to 7 days. During storage,...
BACKGROUND
Platelets (PLTs) are usually stored for up to 5 days prior to transfusion, although in some blood services the storage period is extended to 7 days. During storage, changes occur in both PLT and storage medium, which may lead to PLT activation and dysfunction. The clinical significance of these changes remains uncertain.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review to assess the association between PLT storage time and clinical or transfusion outcomes in patients receiving allogeneic PLT transfusion. We searched studies published in English between January 2000 and July 2017 identified from MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Libraries.
RESULTS
Of the 18 studies identified, five included 4719 critically ill patients (trauma, post-cardiac surgery and a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients) and 13 included 8569 haematology patients. The five studies in critically ill patients were retrospective and did not find any association between PLT storage time when PLTs were stored for up to 5 days and mortality. There was also no association between older PLTs and sepsis in the two largest studies (n = 4008 patients). Of the 13 studies in haematology patients, seven analysed prolonged storage time up to 6.5 or 7 days. Administration of fresh PLTs (less than 2 or 3 days) was associated with a significant increase in corrected count increment (CCI) compared to older PLTs in seven of the eight studies analysing this outcome. One single centre retrospective study found an increase in bleeding events in patients receiving older PLTs.
CONCLUSIONS
PLT storage time does not appear to be associated with clinical outcomes, including bleeding, sepsis or mortality, in critically ill patients or haematology patients. The freshest PLTs (less than 3 days) were associated with a better CCI, although there was no impact on bleeding events, questioning the clinical significance of this association. However, there is an absence of evidence to draw definitive conclusions, especially in critically ill patients.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Critical Illness; Drug Storage; Humans; Platelet Transfusion; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30077181
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2114-x