-
Cells Jun 2021Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) are pleiotropic hormones with important roles in lifespan. They promote growth, anabolic actions, and body... (Review)
Review
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) are pleiotropic hormones with important roles in lifespan. They promote growth, anabolic actions, and body maintenance, and in conditions of energy deprivation, favor catabolic feedback mechanisms switching from carbohydrate oxidation to lipolysis, with the aim to preserve protein storages and survival. IGF-I/insulin signaling was also the first one identified in the regulation of lifespan in relation to the nutrient-sensing. Indeed, nutrients are crucial modifiers of the GH/IGF-I axis, and these hormones also regulate the complex orchestration of utilization of nutrients in cell and tissues. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the reciprocal feedback among the GH/IGF-I axis, macro and micronutrients, and dietary regimens, including caloric restriction. Expanding the depth of information on this topic could open perspectives in nutrition management, prevention, and treatment of GH/IGF-I deficiency or excess during life.
Topics: Caloric Restriction; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Lipolysis; Micronutrients; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34199514
DOI: 10.3390/cells10061376 -
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles Feb 2022Mounting evidence suggests that storage has an impact on extracellular vesicles (EVs) properties. While -80°C storage is a widespread approach, some authors proposed...
Mounting evidence suggests that storage has an impact on extracellular vesicles (EVs) properties. While -80°C storage is a widespread approach, some authors proposed improved storage strategies with conflicting results. Here, we designed a systematic study to assess the impact of -80°C storage and freeze-thaw cycles on EVs. We tested the differences among eight storage strategies and investigated the possible fusion phenomena occurring during storage. EVs were collected from human plasma and murine microglia culture by size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation, respectively. The analysis included: concentration, size and zeta potential (tunable resistive pulse sensing), contaminant protein assessment; flow cytometry for the analysis of two single fluorescent-tagged EVs populations (GFP and mCherry), mixed before preservation. We found that -80°C storage reduces EVs concentration and sample purity in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it increases the particle size and size variability and modifies EVs zeta potential, with a shift of EVs in size-charge plots. None of the tested conditions prevented the observed effects. Freeze-thaw cycles lead to an EVs reduction after the first cycle and to a cycle-dependent increase in particle size. With flow cytometry, after storage, we observed a significant population of double-positive EVs (GFP -mCherry ). This observation may suggest the occurrence of fusion phenomena during storage. Our findings show a significant impact of storage on EVs samples in terms of particle loss, purity reduction and fusion phenomena leading to artefactual particles. Depending on downstream analyses and experimental settings, EVs should probably be processed from fresh, non-archival, samples in majority of cases.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Mice; Particle Size; Plasma; Ultracentrifugation
PubMed: 35102719
DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12162 -
Biomolecules Sep 2020Pompe disease, also known as glycogen storage disease type II, is caused by the lack or deficiency of a single enzyme, lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase, leading to... (Review)
Review
Pompe disease, also known as glycogen storage disease type II, is caused by the lack or deficiency of a single enzyme, lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase, leading to severe cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathy due to progressive accumulation of glycogen. The discovery that acid alpha-glucosidase resides in the lysosome gave rise to the concept of lysosomal storage diseases, and Pompe disease became the first among many monogenic diseases caused by loss of lysosomal enzyme activities. The only disease-specific treatment available for Pompe disease patients is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) which aims to halt the natural course of the illness. Both the success and limitations of ERT provided novel insights in the pathophysiology of the disease and motivated the scientific community to develop the next generation of therapies that have already progressed to the clinic.
Topics: Autophagy; Enzyme Replacement Therapy; Genetic Therapy; Glycogen; Glycogen Storage Disease Type II; Humans; Lysosomal Storage Diseases; Lysosomes; Muscle, Skeletal; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 32962155
DOI: 10.3390/biom10091339 -
Cell Feb 2020Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) represent a group of monogenic inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the progressive accumulation of undegraded substrates...
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) represent a group of monogenic inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the progressive accumulation of undegraded substrates inside lysosomes, resulting in aberrant lysosomal activity and homeostasis. This SnapShot summarizes the intracellular localization and function of proteins implicated in LSDs. Common aspects of LSD pathogenesis and the major current therapeutic approaches are noted. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Enzymes; Eukaryotic Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Lysosomal Storage Diseases; Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; Lysosomes
PubMed: 32032518
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.017 -
Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) Jun 2023The demand for data storage is growing at an unprecedented rate, and current methods are not sufficient to accommodate such rapid growth due to their cost, space... (Review)
Review
The demand for data storage is growing at an unprecedented rate, and current methods are not sufficient to accommodate such rapid growth due to their cost, space requirements, and energy consumption. Therefore, there is a need for a new, long-lasting data storage medium with high capacity, high data density, and high durability against extreme conditions. DNA is one of the most promising next-generation data carriers, with a storage density of 10¹⁹ bits of data per cubic centimeter, and its three-dimensional structure makes it about eight orders of magnitude denser than other storage media. DNA amplification during PCR or replication during cell proliferation enables the quick and inexpensive copying of vast amounts of data. In addition, DNA can possibly endure millions of years if stored in optimal conditions and dehydrated, making it useful for data storage. Numerous space experiments on microorganisms have also proven their extraordinary durability in extreme conditions, which suggests that DNA could be a durable storage medium for data. Despite some remaining challenges, such as the need to refine methods for the fast and error-free synthesis of oligonucleotides, DNA is a promising candidate for future data storage.
PubMed: 37366792
DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020044 -
FEBS Letters Jul 1991Intracellular Ca(2+)-storage organelles are found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They play an important role in the regulation of the cytosolic free Ca2+... (Review)
Review
Intracellular Ca(2+)-storage organelles are found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They play an important role in the regulation of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and, thereby, in the regulation of cellular activity. Ca(2+)-storage organelles consist, in the simplest model of a Ca2+ pump, of a Ca(2+)-storage protein and a Ca(2+)-release channel. The primary structure of these functionally important proteins of Ca(2+)-storage organelles is similar in different cell types and conserved through evolution. In contrast, their spatial arrangement and, thus, the architecture of Ca(2+)-storage organelles may vary dramatically from one cell type to another.
Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calreticulin; Calsequestrin; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Models, Biological; Organelles; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
PubMed: 1649772
DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80806-e -
Trends in Biotechnology Jan 2021Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are promising for sustainable applications. Recently, electron storage during intermittent operation of electroactive... (Review)
Review
Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are promising for sustainable applications. Recently, electron storage during intermittent operation of electroactive biofilms (EABs) has been shown to play an important role in power output and electron efficiencies. Insights into electron storage mechanisms, and the conditions under which these occur, are essential to improve microbial electrochemical conversions and to optimize biotechnological processes. Here, we discuss the two main mechanisms for electron storage in EABs: storage in the form of reduced redox active components in the electron transport chain and in the form of polymers. We review electron storage in EABs and in other microorganisms and will discuss how the mechanisms of electron storage can be influenced.
Topics: Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biofilms; Electrodes; Electrons; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 32646618
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.006 -
Biomolecules Jun 2021Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of 60 rare inherited diseases characterized by a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from severe...
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of 60 rare inherited diseases characterized by a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from severe intellectual disabilities, cardiac abnormalities, visceromegaly, and bone deformities to slowly progressive muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, eye defects (corneal clouding and retinal degeneration), and skin alterations [...].
Topics: Humans; Lysosomal Storage Diseases; Lysosomes
PubMed: 34208892
DOI: 10.3390/biom11070964 -
The ISME Journal Mar 2022Organisms throughout the tree of life accumulate chemical resources, in particular forms or compartments, to secure their availability for future use. Here we review... (Review)
Review
Organisms throughout the tree of life accumulate chemical resources, in particular forms or compartments, to secure their availability for future use. Here we review microbial storage and its ecological significance by assembling several rich but disconnected lines of research in microbiology, biogeochemistry, and the ecology of macroscopic organisms. Evidence is drawn from various systems, but we pay particular attention to soils, where microorganisms play crucial roles in global element cycles. An assembly of genus-level data demonstrates the likely prevalence of storage traits in soil. We provide a theoretical basis for microbial storage ecology by distinguishing a spectrum of storage strategies ranging from surplus storage (storage of abundant resources that are not immediately required) to reserve storage (storage of limited resources at the cost of other metabolic functions). This distinction highlights that microorganisms can invest in storage at times of surplus and under conditions of scarcity. We then align storage with trait-based microbial life-history strategies, leading to the hypothesis that ruderal species, which are adapted to disturbance, rely less on storage than microorganisms adapted to stress or high competition. We explore the implications of storage for soil biogeochemistry, microbial biomass, and element transformations and present a process-based model of intracellular carbon storage. Our model indicates that storage can mitigate against stoichiometric imbalances, thereby enhancing biomass growth and resource-use efficiency in the face of unbalanced resources. Given the central roles of microbes in biogeochemical cycles, we propose that microbial storage may be influential on macroscopic scales, from carbon cycling to ecosystem stability.
Topics: Carbon; Carbon Cycle; Ecosystem; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 34593996
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01110-w -
Frontiers in Bioinformatics 2023DNA, as the storage medium in organisms, can address the shortcomings of existing electromagnetic storage media, such as low information density, high maintenance power...
DNA, as the storage medium in organisms, can address the shortcomings of existing electromagnetic storage media, such as low information density, high maintenance power consumption, and short storage time. Current research on DNA storage mainly focuses on designing corresponding encoders to convert binary data into DNA base data that meets biological constraints. We have created a new Chinese character code table that enables exceptionally high information storage density for storing Chinese characters (compared to traditional UTF-8 encoding). To meet biological constraints, we have devised a DNA shift coding scheme with low algorithmic complexity, which can encode any strand of DNA even has excessively long homopolymer. The designed DNA sequence will be stored in a double-stranded plasmid of 744bp, ensuring high reliability during storage. Additionally, the plasmid's resistance to environmental interference ensuring long-term stable information storage. Moreover, it can be replicated at a lower cost.
PubMed: 37900965
DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1276934