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Current HIV Research 2017The securitization (i.e., framing of a health issue as a security threat) of HIV/AIDS by the United Nations Security Council in 2000 changed the belief that HIV/AIDS is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The securitization (i.e., framing of a health issue as a security threat) of HIV/AIDS by the United Nations Security Council in 2000 changed the belief that HIV/AIDS is only a health issue. Although now accepted that HIV/AIDS represents a security threat, the consequences of securitization are still not widely established.
METHODS
The purpose of this paper was to present an evidence-based review of the outcomes and current challenges associated with HIV/AIDS securitization in the context of national security.
RESULTS/CONCLUSION
We provided an overview of HIV/AIDS securitization, followed by a discussion of the impact of securitization on peacekeeping personnel and uniformed services. We also reviewed the United States Government's response to securitization and potential risks and benefits of securitization.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Communicable Disease Control; Health Policy; Humans; Security Measures; United States
PubMed: 28521723
DOI: 10.2174/1570162X15666170516163834 -
Global Public Health Aug 2018This special symposium critically examines optimistic promises about an imminent 'end of AIDS,' currently circulating in global health discourse and policy. We aim not...
This special symposium critically examines optimistic promises about an imminent 'end of AIDS,' currently circulating in global health discourse and policy. We aim not simply to interrogate the discourse surrounding calls to end AIDS, but to also explore the broader practices, contexts, and policy landscapes that have transformed the global HIV response during the fourth decade of the epidemic and allowed this discourse to gain such political traction. In this introduction we preview the collection's five substantive papers, which delve beneath the 'end of AIDS' rhetoric, bringing greater realism as well as resolve together with empirical evidence about the state of efforts to end AIDS in diverse locations and populations. Taken together, these papers critique not the hope that one day AIDS may come to an end, but the means by which current policy expects to arrive at such ends, particularly in the absence of realistic, sustained commitments to extending treatment, prevention, and broader support in highly under-resourced places and populations.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Disease Eradication; Global Health; Health Policy; Humans
PubMed: 29676202
DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2018.1464589 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Dec 2021
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Humans; Pandemics
PubMed: 34786993
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00463.2021 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2015Although epigenetics is not a new field, its implications for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research have not been explored fully. To develop therapeutic and... (Review)
Review
Although epigenetics is not a new field, its implications for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research have not been explored fully. To develop therapeutic and preventive approaches against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the host, involvement of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, characterization of viral reservoirs, and factors influencing the latency of the virus. Both methylation of viral genes and histone modifications contribute to initiating and maintaining latency and, depending on the context, triggering viral gene repression or expression. This chapter discusses progress made at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), recommendations from the International AIDS Society Scientific Working Group on HIV Cure, and underlying epigenetic regulation. A number of epigenetic inhibitors have shown potential in treating AIDS-related malignancies. Epigenetic drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and their implications for the eradication of HIV/AIDS and AIDS-related malignancies also are discussed.Past and current progress in developing treatments and understanding the molecular mechanisms of AIDS and HIV infection has greatly improved patient survival. However, increased survival has been coupled with the development of cancer at higher rates than those observed among the HIV/AIDS-negative population. During the early days of the AIDS epidemic, the most frequent AIDS-defining malignancies were Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Now, with increased survival as the result of widespread use in the developed world of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-AIDS defining cancers (i.e., anal, skin, and lung cancers, and Hodgkin disease) are on the increase in HIV-infected populations. The current status of AIDS-related malignancies also is discussed.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Epigenesis, Genetic; HIV; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 25421672
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_21 -
Lancet (London, England) Aug 2022
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Botswana; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 35964598
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01523-9 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Dec 2021
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 34889677
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.22.1269 -
AIDS (London, England) Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; China; HIV Infections; United Nations
PubMed: 37139655
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003571 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2024The global burden of HIV remains a formidable challenge, affecting millions. Despite significant progress in understanding, treatment, and prevention , HIV/AIDS...
The global burden of HIV remains a formidable challenge, affecting millions. Despite significant progress in understanding, treatment, and prevention , HIV/AIDS continues to exert a substantial impact on personal and public health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence is highest. HIV not only poses a direct threat to the well-being of individuals but also contributes to social and economic disparities. Approximately 38 million people worldwide are living with HIV, with millions unaware of their status. Stigma and discrimination still hinder testing, starting and staying on treatment. Access to antiretroviral therapy has improved, yet disparities persist, with marginalized communities often facing barriers to essential health care services. Efforts to reduce new HIV infections and transmission include comprehensive prevention strategies, education, and increased access to testing and treatment. Addressing social determinants, reducing stigma, and ensuring equitable access to health care remain crucial to reach the ambitious goal of ending AIDS by 2030.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Africa South of the Sahara; Prevalence
PubMed: 38387533
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2024.02.001 -
Oral Diseases Apr 2016HIV/AIDS is a global public health concern with more than 30 million deaths having been reported. Over 70% of the 35 million people with HIV/AIDS live in sub-Saharan... (Review)
Review
HIV/AIDS is a global public health concern with more than 30 million deaths having been reported. Over 70% of the 35 million people with HIV/AIDS live in sub-Saharan Africa. The current available antiretroviral treatments are limited because they do not cure but slow the progression of disease. Therefore, care and treatment for HIV/AIDS and its related research, especially in HIV-preventive vaccine trials, require stringent ethical guidelines because of the vulnerability of the affected individuals as it with all clinical trials. These guidelines should incorporate the basic principles in ethics which include autonomy of individuals, beneficence, non-malfeasance and justice in the care and participation of individuals in research. With at least one in five African adults infected with the disease living in sub-Saharan Africa, this review will discuss the current ethical issues in HIV care and HIV research based on the South African context as well as exploring some of the issues globally.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Bioethical Issues; Biomedical Research; Confidentiality; Humans; Informed Consent; Patient Selection; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 27109274
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12391 -
Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery Jan 2015
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans; Internationality; Leadership; Medical Laboratory Personnel
PubMed: 25549583
DOI: 10.1038/nrd4528