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The Lancet. HIV Sep 2022
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 36055291
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00224-7 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Aug 2014
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Australia; Bereavement; Congresses as Topic; Hope; Humans; Patient Advocacy; Social Justice; Violence
PubMed: 25128942
DOI: 10.5694/mja14.01040 -
Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica =... Dec 2016
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Americas; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 28718487
DOI: No ID Found -
The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Sep 2018
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Child; Female; Global Health; Humans; International Cooperation; Male
PubMed: 30119750
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30246-3 -
Politics and the Life Sciences : the... May 2019Disinformation, now best known generically as "fake news," is an old and protean weapon. Prominent in the 1980s was AIDS disinformation, including the...
BACKGROUND
Disinformation, now best known generically as "fake news," is an old and protean weapon. Prominent in the 1980s was AIDS disinformation, including the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth, for whose propagation some figures ultimately admitted blame while others shamelessly claimed credit. In 2013 we reported a comprehensive analysis of this myth, finding leading roles for the Soviet Union's state security service, the KGB, and for biologist and independent conspiracy theorist Jakob Segal but not for East Germany's state security service, the Stasi. We found Stasi involvement had been much less extensive and much less successful than two former Stasi officers had begun claiming following German reunification. In 2014 two historians crediting the two former Stasi officers coauthored a monograph challenging our analysis and portraying the Stasi as having directed Segal, or at least as having used him as a "conscious or unconscious multiplier," and as having successfully assisted a Soviet bloc AIDS-disinformation conspiracy that they soon inherited and thenceforth led. In 2017 a German appellate court found our 2013 analysis persuasive in a defamation suit brought by a filmmaker whose work the 2014 monograph had depicted as co-funded by the Stasi. Question and methods. Were our critics right about the Stasi? We asked and answered ten subsidiary questions bearing upon our critics' arguments, reassessing our own prior work and probing additional sources including archives of East Germany's Partei- und Staatsführung [party-and-state leadership] and the recollections of living witnesses.
FINDINGS
Jakob Segal transformed and transmitted the myth without direction from the KGB or the Stasi or any element of East Germany's party-and-state leadership. The Stasi had trouble even tracking Segal's activities, which some officers feared would disadvantage East Germany scientifically, economically, and politically. Three officers in one Stasi section did show interest in myth propagation, but their efforts were late, limited, inept, and inconsequential.
CONCLUSION
The HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth, most effectively promoted by Jakob Segal acting independently of any state's security service, was not, contrary to claims, a Stasi success.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Germany, East; History, 20th Century; Humans; Mythology; Politics; Russia
PubMed: 31094673
DOI: 10.1017/pls.2018.27 -
Global Public Health Jun 2022This paper examines the decline of the AIDS Programme in Brazil, the Latin American country most affected by the epidemic, with emphasis in the second decade of the...
This paper examines the decline of the AIDS Programme in Brazil, the Latin American country most affected by the epidemic, with emphasis in the second decade of the twenty-first century. For many years, Brazil served as a model in Global Health due to a comprehensive preventive policy, a partnership between the government and health activists and the support of life-saving drugs as public goods rather than commodities. The regression of AIDS policies in Brazil interacted with developments in the United States as well as with multilateral agencies like UNAIDS that emphasised biomedicalisation in the response to the disease where broad human-rights programmes and alliance with activists were not priorities. International programmes like the 'Ending AIDS' campaign indirectly undermined the exceptional status AIDS enjoyed since the late 1980s. The backlash in Brazilian policies to fight AIDS was a result of the fragmentation of the left and the empowerment of radical conservative authoritarian and religious forces. The result was the breakdown of the long-held belief that successful anti-AIDS disease programmes could simultaneously help control the disease and build better healthcare systems and ultimately prompted the end of the special place AIDS' policy had in Brazil.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Brazil; Epidemics; Global Health; Health Policy; Human Rights; Humans
PubMed: 33689577
DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1896764 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Global... Sep 2023In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and partners launched the 90-90-90 targets. These were further updated to correspond to 95-95-95 by the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and partners launched the 90-90-90 targets. These were further updated to correspond to 95-95-95 by the year 2025. We present an overview of the progress made by Gulf Cooperated Council (GCC) countries towards meeting the global targets.
METHODS
We extracted data from Global AIDS Monitoring (GAM), UNAIDS AIDS Info, HIV case reporting database, and the WHO global policy uptake for six countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab of Emirates (UAE) to assess the HIV/AIDS burden in the six GCC countries, and the progress towards achieving the 95-95-95 goal.
RESULTS
By the end of 2021, an estimated 42,015 people living with HIV (PLHIV) were residing in the GCC countries with prevalence levels below 0.01%. Data from four GCC countries, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and UAE, indicated that by 2021, 94%, 80%, 66%, and 85% of HIV-positive population knew their status, respectively. 68%, 93% (2020 data), 65%, 58% and 85% of PLHIV in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and UAE who knew their status were on anti-retroviral therapy (ART), respectively, and 55%, 92%, 58% and 90% (2020 data) among those who were on ART had viral suppression in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and KSA, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The GCC countries have made great strides toward fulfilling the 95-95-95 targets, but the interim 2025 overall UNAIDS targets remain unmet. The GCC countries must strive diligently to accomplish the targets by emphasising early identification of the cases by enhanced screening and testing, as well as prompt commencement of ART therapy with viral load suppression.
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Oman; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Bahrain
PubMed: 37079171
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00097-1 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Dec 2015Substantial progress has been made in China in using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Our objective was to review... (Review)
Review
Substantial progress has been made in China in using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Our objective was to review the latest developments in TCM treatment of AIDS in China between 2004 and 2014. We reviewed the content of original articles investigating the efficacy and safety of TCM for treating AIDS published in Chinese and English language journals. Relevant references from 2004 to 2014 were found using PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database. We found that TCM has been widely used for treating AIDS and its complications in China. The number of TCM studies has increased, which indicates efficacy and safety. Measures of efficacy in the reviewed articles included the alleviation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related signs and symptoms, improvements in quality of life, improvements in long-term survival, counteraction of the adverse side effects of antiviral drugs, promotion of immune reconstitution, and improvement of laboratory results. In sum, the literature indicates that TCM is safe. TCM plays an important role in the treatment of AIDS. Some studies have attempted to measure the efficacy and safety of TCM for treating AIDS, but more evidence is needed. Therefore, more research on this topic is required in the future.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunomodulation; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load
PubMed: 26699285
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-015-0093-6 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Dec 2021
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 34816744
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00471.2021 -
Medicine Dec 2023The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic is primarily affecting young people worldwide, with those between the ages of 15... (Review)
Review
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic is primarily affecting young people worldwide, with those between the ages of 15 and 24 accounting for nearly half of all new infections. This paper was written to effectively translate HIV/AIDS knowledge into actionable behavioral changes among secondary school students in Uganda by empowering them with comprehensive information, fostering a deeper understanding of preventive measures, and facilitating the development of responsible and informed decision-making skills, thereby reducing the incidence of HIV/AIDS transmission within this demographic. There is a relationship between risk perception and behavior change in HIV/AIDS prevention among high school students. This can be explained by the high proportion of secondary school students who think they are at risk of HIV infection; this perception may be related to having had early sex, being sexually active, and knowing someone has died of HIV. High school students regularly engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms and having multiple lifelong partners. Student behavior is significantly influenced by HIV and AIDS prevention initiatives such as youth-friendly services, peer education, and condom use.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; HIV; Uganda; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Sexual Behavior; Condoms
PubMed: 38065920
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036599