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Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Nov 2019Although cities present opportunities for infectious pathogens such as HIV to spread, public health infrastructure within these cities also provides opportunities to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Although cities present opportunities for infectious pathogens such as HIV to spread, public health infrastructure within these cities also provides opportunities to design effective approaches to eliminate transmission of these pathogens. The HIV Transmission Elimination AMsterdam (H-TEAM) Initiative, a consortium of relevant stakeholders involved in HIV prevention and care, designed an integrated approach to curb the HIV epidemic in Amsterdam, including providing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), increasing awareness of acute HIV infection, offering same-day test and treat, and improving indicator disease-driven HIV testing.
RECENT FINDINGS
In 2013, approximately 230 people in Amsterdam were newly diagnosed with HIV, largely belonging to one of two key affected populations, namely MSM and people with a migration background. Since the start of H-TEAM in 2014, a decrease in new diagnoses was observed (130 in 2017), with an increasing proportion of MSM who had been diagnosed with a recent infection.
SUMMARY
The H-TEAM shows that a city-based concerted effort is feasible. However, major challenges remain, such as reducing the number of late HIV diagnoses, and identifying and providing appropriate services to a diminishing group of individuals who are likely the source of transmission.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; HIV; Humans; Netherlands
PubMed: 31589173
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000586 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022To date, about 37 million people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and an estimated 680,000 people have died from acquired immune deficiency... (Review)
Review
To date, about 37 million people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and an estimated 680,000 people have died from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related illnesses globally. While all countries have been impacted by HIV, some have been significantly more impacted than others, particularly countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this paper was to identify progress made in HIV prevention globally, particularly in the areas of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) uptake, access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV-related stigma. With the development of ART, a cocktail of medications for the treatment of HIV, VCT uptake increased, as it became apparent that the medication would only be prescribed after an HIV diagnosis through testing. Widely considered a critical gateway to HIV prevention and treatment, VCT is being implemented in many countries, and as a result, about 38 million people living with HIV in 2018 had access to ART. Regardless of this success, major challenges still remain. We did an electronic search of 135 articles in English related to global HIV progress and challenges indexed in PubMed, ResearchGate, Google, and other search engines from 1998 to 2021. Sixty articles met the inclusion criteria for this paper. Data on trends in ART coverage were obtained from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) website. These data were used to show ART coverage globally in World Health Organization (WHO) regions. It was found that while global successes have been chalked in the areas of VCT uptake and ART coverage, HIV-related stigma has impeded greater success. This paper summarizes and discusses global successes and challenges in HIV prevention efforts in the past four decades with a focus on VCT, ART, and HIV-related stigma.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Counseling; HIV Infections; Humans; Social Stigma
PubMed: 35682181
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116597 -
Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North... Mar 2018Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS into a manageable chronic illness. People living with HIV/AIDS... (Review)
Review
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS into a manageable chronic illness. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can experience multiple physical symptoms or problems related to HIV infection and treatment. A common problem for PLWHA continues to be diarrhea and nausea and vomiting (NV). Diarrhea and NV can negatively impact the quality of life and adherence to medication therapy among PLWHA and are common reasons to change or discontinue HAART regimens. Because diarrhea and NV can have substantial negative health outcomes for PLWHA, it is important to understand the causes of these conditions.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Nausea
PubMed: 29413205
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2017.10.009 -
The Lancet. HIV Jun 2021
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Africa; Developing Countries; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 34087092
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00101-6 -
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Nov 2019HIV remains a significant global public health problem. Treatment as prevention of HIV and TB illness, death and transmission was proposed in 2006 as a means to end the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
HIV remains a significant global public health problem. Treatment as prevention of HIV and TB illness, death and transmission was proposed in 2006 as a means to end the HIV epidemic. We review the results of the treatment as prevention trials.
RECENT FINDINGS
Some of the trials struggled with delivering services, however, most demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve at least the 90-90-90 target by scaling access to test-and-treat at the community level and by extension at the district or national level. Patients, if offered, will start and stay on immediate treatment even without symptoms. Community-based multidisease prevention campaigns have significant impact, especially for hard-to-reach men. Earlier treatment impacts illness and death including from HIV-associated tuberculosis. Test-and treat impacts transmission, however, some of the community cluster trials had difficulty showing an impact on incidence. Most trials showed incidence reduction in line with the level of viral suppression and suggest that achieving 95-95-95 is an important means to accelerate the end of the epidemic.
SUMMARY
TasP trial findings, HIV and TB program data, and PHIA study trend data will likely confirm that reaching at least 95-95-95 is both feasible and a key element in ending the epidemic.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 31567399
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000582 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Mar 2018Complementary techniques are useful in treating adverse symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS, and in preventing disease spread by encouraging... (Review)
Review
Complementary techniques are useful in treating adverse symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS, and in preventing disease spread by encouraging screening. This study indicates that HIV diagnosis rates are higher in states where behavioral medicine is practiced; participation in such activities may influence the extent to which someone might closely monitor personal health. A strong evidence-base exists for the recommendation of mindfulness practices that improve rates of primary preventive practices and self-reported quality of life for participants living with chronic conditions such as HIV and AIDS. Access to such programs is an area for future research and practice.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mind-Body Therapies; Mindfulness; Quality of Life; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 29362059
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2017.10.004 -
The Journal of the Association of... Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections
PubMed: 37355859
DOI: No ID Found -
The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Sep 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Age Factors
PubMed: 37487518
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(23)00194-3 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2018
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; Female; Humans; Moscow
PubMed: 29903957
DOI: 10.1126/science.360.6394.1175 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2018
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Epidemics; Global Health; HIV; Humans; Incidence; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Safe Sex; United Nations
PubMed: 29903942
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau2663