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Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Jun 2023The current approach to gluconic acid production is acetification at 30°C, a temperature that can be difficult to maintain in tropical countries. This study...
The current approach to gluconic acid production is acetification at 30°C, a temperature that can be difficult to maintain in tropical countries. This study investigated the production of gluconic acid during acetification by Acetobacter aceti WK at high temperatures. An acid-tolerant and thermotolerant species, A. aceti WK, was used for acetification at three different temperatures, namely, 30°C (normal temperature), 37°C, and 40°C (high temperature). Acetification was performed in a 100 L bioreactor with 0.15% CaCl for protection of the cells against high temperatures. The production of the organic acids, that is, acetic acid, gluconic acid, 2-keto gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, and formic acid, was analyzed. Under acetification in the target total concentration of 80 g/L, the highest acetic acid content (39.3 g/L) was obtained at 37°C with an acetification rate of 0.3013 g/L/h, while the acetic acid content and acetification rate achieved at 30°C were 31 g/L and 0.3089 g/L/h, respectively. Additionally, gluconic acid presented at the highest concentration of 2.17 g/L. The rate of production of gluconic acid was 0.0169 g/L/h at 37°C. This acetification process at 37°C will be valuable as an alternative source for gluconic acid production for commercial applications.
Topics: Temperature; Fermentation; Acetobacter; Acetic Acid
PubMed: 36385710
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2414 -
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of... Jan 2021Acetaldehyde and acetic acid/acetate, the active metabolites of alcohol (ethanol, EtOH), generate actions of their own ranging from behavioral, physiological, to...
Alcohol metabolite acetic acid activates BK channels in a pH-dependent manner and decreases calcium oscillations and exocytosis of secretory granules in rat pituitary GH3 cells.
Acetaldehyde and acetic acid/acetate, the active metabolites of alcohol (ethanol, EtOH), generate actions of their own ranging from behavioral, physiological, to pathological/cancerogenic effects. EtOH and acetaldehyde have been studied to some depth, whereas the effects of acetic acid have been less well explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of acetic acid on big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels present in GH3 rat pituitary tumor cells in more detail. In whole cell voltage clamp recordings, extracellular application of acetic acid increased total outward currents in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was prevented after the application of the specific BK channel blocker paxilline. Acetic acid action was pH-dependent-in whole cell current and single BK channel recordings, open probability (Po) was significantly increased by extracellular pH reduction and decreased by neutral or base pH. Acetic acid hyperpolarized the membrane potential, whereas acidic physiological solution had a depolarizing effect. Moreover, acetic acid reduced calcium (Ca) oscillations and exocytosis of growth hormone contained secretory granules from GH3 cells. These effects were partially prevented by BK inhibitors-tetraethylammonium or paxillin. In conclusion, our experiments indicate that acetic acid activates BK channels in GH3 cells which eventually contribute to acetic acid-induced membrane hyperpolarization, cessation of Ca oscillations, and decrease of growth hormone release.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exocytosis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indoles; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; Pituitary Gland; Potassium; Rats; Sodium Acetate
PubMed: 33113008
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02484-0 -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Oct 2021Acetic acid priming may mitigate salt stress to plants by modulating lipid metabolism. Carex rigescens is a stress-tolerant turfgrass species with a widespread...
Acetic acid priming may mitigate salt stress to plants by modulating lipid metabolism. Carex rigescens is a stress-tolerant turfgrass species with a widespread distribution in north China. The objective of this study was to figure out whether modification of lipid profiles, including the contents, compositions and saturation levels of leaf lipids, may contribute to acetic acid modulated salt tolerance in C. rigescens. Plants of C. rigescens were primed with or without acetic acid (30 mM) and subsequently exposed to salt stress (300 mM NaCl) for 15 days. Salt stress affected the physiological performance of C. rigescens, while acetic acid-primed plants showed significantly lower malondialdehyde content, proline content, and electrolyte leakage than non-primed plants under salt stress. Acetic acid priming enhanced the contents of phospholipids and glycolipids involved in membrane stabilization and stress signaling (phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), reduced the content of toxic lipid intermediates (free fatty acids) during subsequent exposure to salt stress. Furthermore, expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism such as CK and PLDα changed due to acetic acid priming. These results demonstrated that acetic acid priming could enhance salt tolerance of C. rigescens by regulating lipid metabolism. The lipids could be used as biomarkers to select for salt-tolerant grass germplasm.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Carex Plant; Lipidomics; Salt Stress; Salt Tolerance; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34488152
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.045 -
Physiologia Plantarum Mar 2023Drought is an important stress factor that limits plant growth and development. Female willows generally display stronger drought tolerance than males. The application...
Drought is an important stress factor that limits plant growth and development. Female willows generally display stronger drought tolerance than males. The application of exogenous acetic acid (AA) has emerged as an efficient and eco-friendly approach to facilitate drought tolerance in willows. However, whether AA exerts sexually different effects on willows remains undefined. In this study, we comprehensively performed morphological and physiological analyses on three willow species, Salix rehderiana, Salix babylonica, and Salix matsudana, to investigate the sexually different responses to drought and AA. The results indicated that willow females were more drought-tolerant than males. AA application effectively enhanced willows' drought tolerance, and females applied with AA displayed greater root distribution and activity, stronger osmotic and antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic rate but less reactive oxygen species, or abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure than males. In addition, AA application enhanced the jasmonic acid signaling pathway in females but inhibited it in males, conferring stronger drought defense capacity in female willows than in males. Overall, AA application improves drought tolerance more in female than in male willows, further enlarging the sexual differences in willows under drought-stressed conditions.
Topics: Salix; Drought Resistance; Acetic Acid; Antioxidants; Droughts
PubMed: 36917073
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13890 -
Bioresource Technology Feb 2020The severe pretreatment of poplar makes xylan difficult to utilize efficiently. In this work, poplar was pretreated by hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC) with HSO as...
The severe pretreatment of poplar makes xylan difficult to utilize efficiently. In this work, poplar was pretreated by hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC) with HSO as catalyst to remove lignin, and the solid residues were used to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and monosaccharides by two-step xylanase and cellulase hydrolysis. The results indicated that higher HSO concentrations in the HPAC pretreatment of poplar afforded stronger lignin removal ability. An increased XOS yield of 19.8% was obtained from 200 mM HSO-catalyzed poplar by xylanase and the XOS purity was high, with a very low xylose/XOS ratio of 0.14. Higher glucose (75.2%) and xylose (61.4%) yields were obtained from the HPAC-pretreated poplar using 50 mM HSO as catalyst. Finally, 16.9 g XOS and 296.4 g glucose were produced from 1 kg poplar by xylanase and cellulase. This study provides a method for producing functional XOS and monosaccharides from poplar using a simple reduced-pollution strategy.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Glucuronates; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrolysis; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 31708384
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122349 -
Water Research Aug 2023In this study, a novel water treatment process combining permanganate (Mn(VII)) and peracetic acid (PAA, CHC(O)OOH) was employed to degrade sulfamethazine (SMT), a...
In this study, a novel water treatment process combining permanganate (Mn(VII)) and peracetic acid (PAA, CHC(O)OOH) was employed to degrade sulfamethazine (SMT), a typical model contaminant. Simultaneous application of Mn(VII) and a small amount of PAA resulted in much faster oxidation of organics than a single oxidant. Interestingly, coexistent acetic acid played a crucial role in SMT degradation, while background hydrogen peroxide (HO) had a negligible effect. However, compared with acetic acid, PAA could better improve the oxidation performance of Mn(VII) and accelerate the removal of SMT more significantly. The mechanism of SMT degradation by Mn(VII)-PAA process was systematically evaluated. Firstly, based on the quenching experiments, electron spin resonance (EPR) results and UV-visible spectrum, singlet oxygen (O), Mn(III) and MnO colloids were the predominant active substances, while organic radicals (R-O) showed negligible contribution. Then, the decay of Mn(VII) in the presence of PAA and HO was investigated. It was found that the coexisting HO accounted for almost all the decay of Mn(VII), PAA and acetic acid both had low reactivity toward Mn(VII). During the degradation process, acetic acid was able to acidify Mn(VII) and simultaneously acted as a ligand to form reactive complexes, while PAA mainly played a role of spontaneously decomposing to produce O, they jointly promoted the mineralization of SMT. Finally, the degradation intermediates of SMT and their toxicities were analyzed. This paper reported the Mn(VII)-PAA water treatment process for the first time, which provided a promising approach for rapid decontamination of refractory organics-polluted water.
Topics: Oxides; Manganese Compounds; Peracetic Acid; Sulfamethazine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Acetic Acid
PubMed: 37413749
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120298 -
Environmental Technology Jun 2024Designed to meet the specific needs of the printing industry exhaust gas emissions, this paper proposes a method for the degradation of gaseous acetic acid ester...
Designed to meet the specific needs of the printing industry exhaust gas emissions, this paper proposes a method for the degradation of gaseous acetic acid ester organics that is environmentally friendly, safe, and simple to use: micro-nano cavitation technology. In the process of using micro-nano cavitation technology to degrade acetic acid ester organics, the products in the degradation process were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) spectrometry, and the degradation pathways of acetic acid ester organics were identified. Under high temperatures and high pressure caused by cavitation collapse, the C-C bond and C-O bond on the main chain of organic matter are cleaved to form low molecular products. Low-molecular intermediate products are continuously produced as the reaction advances, and these intermediate products are further oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. Besides, the factors that influence the degradation rate of acetic acid ester organics were investigated. Based on the experimental data, acetic acid esters can degrade with the greatest efficiency when their initial concentration is 200 ± 50 mg/m and their treatment time is 20∼30 min. Moreover, the experiment was optimized using the response surface method. The results suggested that for an initial concentration of 155.544 mg/m and a reaction time of 21.961 min, the best degradation rate was 0.251 min. Micro-nano cavitation technology is a novel and promising technology for the degradation of volatile organic compounds, with a wide range of practical applications.
Topics: Esters; Acetic Acid; Kinetics; Air Pollutants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36855898
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2185819 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section C,... Aug 2015In the solid obtained from N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)mesitylenesulfonamide and acetic acid, the constituents interact via two N-H···O hydrogen bonds. The H atom...
In the solid obtained from N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)mesitylenesulfonamide and acetic acid, the constituents interact via two N-H···O hydrogen bonds. The H atom situated in one of these short contacts is disordered over two positions: one of these positions is formally associated with an adduct of the neutral sulfonamide molecule and the neutral acetic acid molecule, and corresponds to a cocrystal, while the alternative site is associated with salt formation between a protonated sulfonamide molecule and deprotonated acetic acid molecule. Site-occupancy refinements and electron densities from difference Fourier maps suggest a trend with temperature, albeit of limited significance; the cocrystal is more relevant at 100 K, whereas the intensity data collected at room temperature match the description as cocrystal and salt equally well.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrogen Bonding; Molecular Structure; Pyridines; Salts; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 26243409
DOI: 10.1107/S2053229615012826 -
Organic Letters Feb 2020Amines such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline undergo redox-neutral annulations with -cyanomethylbenzaldehydes. These amine α-C-H bond functionalization reactions are...
Amines such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline undergo redox-neutral annulations with -cyanomethylbenzaldehydes. These amine α-C-H bond functionalization reactions are promoted by acetic acid. The resulting β-aminonitriles can be converted to the corresponding β-aminoalcohols in diastereoselective fashion.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Amino Alcohols; Benzaldehydes; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Stereoisomerism; Tetrahydroisoquinolines
PubMed: 31984752
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04506 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022The co-crystallization of (benzylthio)acetic acid (HBTA) with L-proline (L-PRO), D-proline (D-PRO), DL-proline (DL-PRO), isonicotinamide (INA) and tryptamine (TPA) led...
The co-crystallization of (benzylthio)acetic acid (HBTA) with L-proline (L-PRO), D-proline (D-PRO), DL-proline (DL-PRO), isonicotinamide (INA) and tryptamine (TPA) led to the formation of five novel crystalline compounds: L-PRO·HBTA (), D-PRO·HBTA (), DL-PRO·HBTA (), INA·HBTA () and TPA·BTA (). The prepared supramolecular assemblies were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, an elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and a thermal analysis based on thermogravimetry (TG) combined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, their melting points through TG/DSC measurements were established. All fabricated adducts demonstrated the same stoichiometry, displayed as 1:1. The integration of HBTA with selected N-containing co-formers yielded different forms of multi-component crystalline phases: zwitterionic co-crystals (-), true co-crystal () or true salt (). In the asymmetric units of -, the acidic ingredient is protonated, whereas the corresponding N-containing entities take either the zwitterionic form (-) or remain in the original neutral figure (). The molecular structure of complex is occupied by the real ionic forms of both components, namely the (benzylthio)acetate anion (BTA) and the tryptaminium cation (TPA). In crystals -, the respective molecular residues are permanently bound to each other via strong H-bonds provided by the following pairs of donor···acceptor: O···O and N···O in -, O···N and N···O in as well as N···O and N···O in . The crystal structures of conglomerates - are also stabilized by numerous weaker intermolecular contacts, including C-H···O (-, ), C-H···S (, , ), C-H···N (), C-H···C (), C-H···π (-) as well as π···π () interactions. The different courses of registered FT-IR spectral traces and thermal profiles for materials - in relation to their counterparts, gained for the pure molecular ingredients, also clearly confirm the formation of new crystalline phases.
Topics: Proline; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Acetic Acid; Crystallography, X-Ray
PubMed: 36500296
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238203