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Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Aug 2009Acetic acid (AcOH), a main component of vinegar, recently was found to suppress body fat accumulation in animal studies. Hence we investigated the effects of vinegar... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Acetic acid (AcOH), a main component of vinegar, recently was found to suppress body fat accumulation in animal studies. Hence we investigated the effects of vinegar intake on the reduction of body fat mass in obese Japanese in a double-blind trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of similar body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. During the 12-week treatment period, the subjects in each group ingested 500 ml daily of a beverage containing either 15 ml of vinegar (750 mg AcOH), 30 ml of vinegar (1,500 mg AcOH), or 0 ml of vinegar (0 mg AcOH, placebo). Body weight, BMI, visceral fat area, waist circumference, and serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both vinegar intake groups than in the placebo group. In conclusion, daily intake of vinegar might be useful in the prevention of metabolic syndrome by reducing obesity.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Acetic Acid; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Asian People; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Placebo Effect; Time Factors; Triglycerides
PubMed: 19661687
DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90231 -
Journal of Perioperative Practice Jun 2022Acetic acid has become more commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. The purposed roles include biofilm eradication and surgical debridement, postoperative scar reduction... (Review)
Review
Acetic acid has become more commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. The purposed roles include biofilm eradication and surgical debridement, postoperative scar reduction and managing soft tissue injuries. Current research is scarce and does not provide conclusive evidence behind acetic acid's efficacy in orthopaedic procedures such as biofilm eradication or acetic acid iontophoresis in soft tissue injuries. Current literature on acetic acid's effects on biofilm eradication is composed of in-vitro studies, which do not demonstrate the potential clinical efficacy of acetic acid. Acetic acid iontophoresis is a novel technique which is now more commonly accepted for soft tissues injuries. Our literature search identified calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder, rotator cuff tendinopathy, heel pain syndrome, plantar fasciitis, achilles tendonitis, calcifying tendonitis of the ankle, myositis ossificans and cervical spondylosis as documented clinical uses. In this narrative review, we present the current uses of acetic acid and acetic acid iontophoresis, while evaluating the evidence revolving around its efficacy, benefits and risks.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Humans; Iontophoresis; Orthopedic Procedures; Soft Tissue Injuries; Tendinopathy
PubMed: 34310234
DOI: 10.1177/17504589211015629 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Chlorinated compounds are usually applied in vegetable sanitization, but there are concerns about their application. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate ultrasound (50...
Chlorinated compounds are usually applied in vegetable sanitization, but there are concerns about their application. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate ultrasound (50 kHz), acetic acid (1000; 2000 mg/L), and peracetic acid (20 mg/L) and their combination as alternative treatments to 200 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The overall microbial, physicochemical, and nutritional quality of kale stored at 7 °C were assessed. The impact on Typhimurium was verified by plate-counting and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrasound combined with peracetic acid exhibited higher reductions in aerobic mesophiles, molds and yeasts, and coliforms at 35 °C (2.6; 2.4; 2.6 log CFU/g, respectively). Microbial counts remained stable during storage. The highest reduction in occurred with the combination of ultrasound and acetic acid at 1000 mg/L and acetic acid at 2000 mg/L (2.8; 3.8 log CFU/g, respectively). No synergistic effect was observed with the combination of treatments. The cellular morphology of the pathogen altered after combinations of ultrasound and acetic acid at 2000 mg/L and peracetic acid. No changes in titratable total acidity, mass loss, vitamin C, or total phenolic compounds occurred. Alternative treatments presented equal to or greater efficacies than chlorinated compounds, so they could potentially be used for the decontamination of kale.
Topics: Peracetic Acid; Brassica; Acetic Acid; Disinfectants; Decontamination; Disinfection; Food Microbiology; Colony Count, Microbial; Chlorine Compounds; Salmonella typhimurium; Ascorbic Acid; Chlorine; Food Handling
PubMed: 36296611
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207019 -
Gut Microbes 2024Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in its...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in its development and progression. In this study, the association between , a gut microbiota species, and HCC recurrence, as well as patient clinical outcomes, was investigated. It was observed that -derived acetic acid has the potential to modulate the polarization of , which promotes the function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The increased biosynthesis of fatty acids was implicated in the modulation of polarization by -derived acetic acid. Furthermore, -derived acetic acid was found to facilitate the transcription of ACC1, a key enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, through histone acetylation modification in the ACC1 promoter region. Curcumin, an acetylation modification inhibitor, significantly blocked the inhibitory effects of and acetic acid on HCC tumor growth. These findings highlight the potential role of gut microbiota-derived acetic acid in HCC recurrence and patient clinical outcomes, and suggest a complex interplay between gut microbiota, immune modulation, fatty acid metabolism, and epigenetic regulation in the context of HCC development. Further research in this area may provide insights into novel strategies for HCC prevention and treatment by targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Acetic Acid; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Liver Neoplasms; Fatty Acids; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38270111
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297846 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2020Herein, the concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia in samples of indoor air for 47 new houses were measured two weeks after completion. The houses were...
Herein, the concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia in samples of indoor air for 47 new houses were measured two weeks after completion. The houses were fabricated with light-gauge steel structures. The measurements were performed in living rooms and bedrooms without furniture and outdoors. Air samples were analyzed using ion chromatography. The mean values were 28 (living room), 30 (bedroom), and 20 μg m (outdoor air) for formic acid; 166 (living room), 151 (bedroom), and 51 μg m (outdoor air) for acetic acid; and 73 (living room), 76 (bedroom), and 21 μg m (outdoor air) for ammonia. The total values of the three substances accounted for 39.4-40.7% of the sum of chemical compound values. The analyzed compounds were indicated by two principal components (PC), PC1 (30.1%) and PC2 (9%), with 39.1% total variance. Formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia were positively aligned with PC1 and negatively aligned with PC2. Factors such as room temperature, aldehydes, and phthalates were positively aligned with PC1 and negatively aligned with PC2. Furthermore, concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia were significantly and positively correlated with room temperature ( < 0.05).
Topics: Acetic Acid; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Ammonia; Environmental Monitoring; Formates; Housing
PubMed: 32188069
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061940 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021The popularity of fruits vinegar (FsV) has been increased recently as a healthy drink wealthy in bioactive compounds that provide several beneficial properties. This... (Review)
Review
The popularity of fruits vinegar (FsV) has been increased recently as a healthy drink wealthy in bioactive compounds that provide several beneficial properties. This review was designed in the frame of valorization of fruits vinegar as a by-product with high value added by providing overall information on its biochemical constituents and beneficial potencies. It contains a cocktail of bioactive ingredients including polyphenolic acids, organic acids, tetramethylperazine, and melanoidins. Acetic acid is the most abundant organic acid and chlorogenic acid is the major phenol in apple vinegar. The administration of fruits vinegar could prevent diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, cancer, and boost immunity as well as provide a remarkable antioxidant ability. The production techniques influence the quality of vinegar, and consequently, its health benefits.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Biological Products; Fermented Beverages; Fruit; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 35011451
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010222 -
PloS One 2023Effective measures are needed to prevent the spread and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Chemical inactivation may help to prevent the spread and...
Effective measures are needed to prevent the spread and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Chemical inactivation may help to prevent the spread and transmission of this and other viruses. Hence, we tested the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity of acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, in vitro. Inactivation and binding assays suggest that acetic acid is virucidal. We found that 6% acetic acid, a concentration typically found in white distilled vinegar, effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 after 15-min incubation with a complete loss of replication of competent virus as measured by TCID50. Transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated that 6% acetic acid disrupts SARS-CoV-2 virion structure. In addition, 6% acetic acid significantly inhibits and disrupts the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2, the primary SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor, after contact with spike protein for 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes incubation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that acetic acid possesses inactivating activity against SARS-CoV-2 and may represent a safe alternative to commonly used chemical disinfectants to effectively control the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Acetic Acid; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
PubMed: 36753524
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276578 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2022The conversion of biogas, mainly formed of CO and CH, into high-value platform chemicals is increasing attention in a context of low-carbon societies. In this new... (Review)
Review
The conversion of biogas, mainly formed of CO and CH, into high-value platform chemicals is increasing attention in a context of low-carbon societies. In this new paradigm, acetic acid (AA) is deemed as an interesting product for the chemical industry. Herein we present a fresh overview of the current manufacturing approaches, compared to potential low-carbon alternatives. The use of biogas as primary feedstock to produce acetic acid is an auspicious alternative, representing a step-ahead on carbon-neutral industrial processes. Within the spirit of a circular economy, we propose and analyse a new BIO-strategy with two noteworthy pathways to potentially lower the environmental impact. The generation of syngas via dry reforming (DRM) combined with CO utilisation offers a way to produce acetic acid in a two-step approach (BIO-Indirect route), replacing the conventional, petroleum-derived steam reforming process. The most recent advances on catalyst design and technology are discussed. On the other hand, the BIO-Direct route offers a ground-breaking, atom-efficient way to directly generate acetic acid from biogas. Nevertheless, due to thermodynamic restrictions, the use of plasma technology is needed to directly produce acetic acid. This very promising approach is still in an early stage. Particularly, progress in catalyst design is mandatory to enable low-carbon routes for acetic acid production.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Biofuels; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Steam
PubMed: 35710010
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156663 -
FEMS Yeast Research Jan 2024Maintenance of asymmetric ion concentrations across cellular membranes is crucial for proper yeast cellular function. Disruptions of these ionic gradients can... (Review)
Review
Maintenance of asymmetric ion concentrations across cellular membranes is crucial for proper yeast cellular function. Disruptions of these ionic gradients can significantly impact membrane electrochemical potential and the balance of other ions, particularly under stressful conditions such as exposure to acetic acid. This weak acid, ubiquitous to both yeast metabolism and industrial processes, is a major inhibitor of yeast cell growth in industrial settings and a key determinant of host colonization by pathogenic yeast. Acetic acid toxicity depends on medium composition, especially on the pH (H+ concentration), but also on other ions' concentrations. Regulation of ion fluxes is essential for effective yeast response and adaptation to acetic acid stress. However, the intricate interplay among ion balancing systems and stress response mechanisms still presents significant knowledge gaps. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms governing ion homeostasis, including H+, K+, Zn2+, Fe2+/3+, and acetate, in the context of acetic acid toxicity, adaptation, and tolerance. While focus is given on Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to its extensive physiological characterization, insights are also provided for biotechnologically and clinically relevant yeast species whenever available.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Homeostasis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Adaptation, Physiological; Stress, Physiological; Ions; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38658183
DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foae016 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Sep 2023Syngas fermentation is a leading microbial process for the conversion of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen to valuable biochemicals. Clostridium...
Syngas fermentation is a leading microbial process for the conversion of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen to valuable biochemicals. Clostridium autoethanogenum stands as a model organism for this process, showcasing its ability to convert syngas into ethanol industrially with simultaneous fixation of carbon and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. A deep understanding on the metabolism of this microorganism and the influence of operational conditions on fermentation performance is key to advance the technology and enhancement of production yields. In this work, we studied the individual impact of acetic acid concentration, growth rate, and mass transfer rate on metabolic shifts, product titres, and rates in CO fermentation by C. autoethanogenum. Through continuous fermentations performed at a low mass transfer rate, we measured the production of formate in addition to acetate and ethanol. We hypothesise that low mass transfer results in low CO concentrations, leading to reduced activity of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and a bottleneck in formate conversion, thereby resulting in the accumulation of formate. The supplementation of the medium with exogenous acetate revealed that undissociated acetic acid concentration increases and governs ethanol yield and production rates, assumedly to counteract the inhibition by undissociated acetic acid. Since acetic acid concentration is determined by growth rate (via dilution rate), mass transfer rate, and working pH, these variables jointly determine ethanol production rates. These findings have significant implications for process optimisation as targeting an optimal undissociated acetic acid concentration can shift metabolism towards ethanol production. KEY POINTS: • Very low CO mass transfer rate leads to leaking of intermediate metabolite formate. • Undissociated acetic acid concentration governs ethanol yield on CO and productivity. • Impact of growth rate, mass transfer rate, and pH were considered jointly.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Fermentation; Clostridium; Carbon Monoxide; Ethanol
PubMed: 37410136
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12670-6