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BioMed Research International 2021The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects....
The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects. In this study, the fungal endophyte sp. Ld-03 was isolated from the bulbs of and identified through morphological and molecular analysis. The molecular and morphological analysis confirmed the endophytic fungal strain as sp. Ld-03. Antifungal effects of Ld-03 were observed against , , , and . The highest growth inhibition, i.e., 78.39 ± 4.21%, was observed for followed by 56.68 ± 4.38%, 43.62 ± 3.81%, and 20.12 ± 2.45% for , , and , respectively. Analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction through UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS revealed putative secondary metabolites which included xanthurenic acid, valyl aspartic acid, gancidin W, peptides, and cyclic dipeptides such as valylarginine, cyclo-[L-(4-hydroxy-Pro)-L-leu], cyclo(Pro-Phe), and (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione. Other metabolites included (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 9-octadecenamide, D-erythro-C18-Sphingosine, N-palmitoyl sphinganine, and hydroxypalmitoyl sphinganine. The strain Ld-03 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production with or without the application of exogenous tryptophan. The IAA ranged from 53.12 ± 3.20 g ml to 167.71 ± 7.12 g ml under different tryptophan concentrations. The strain was able to produce siderophore, and its production was significantly decreased with increasing Fe(III) citrate concentrations in the medium. The endophytic fungal strain also showed production of organic acids and phosphate solubilization activity. Plant growth-promoting effects of the strain were evaluated on seedling growth of . Application of 40% culture dilution resulted in a significant increase in root and shoot length, i.e., 24.03 ± 2.71 mm and 37.27 ± 1.86 mm, respectively, compared to nontreated control plants. The fungal endophyte Ld-03 demonstrated the potential of conferring disease resistance and plant growth promotion. Therefore, we conclude that the isolated sp. Ld-03 should be further investigated before utilization as a biocontrol agent and plant growth stimulator.
Topics: Acetates; Acremonium; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Botrytis; Chive; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Resistance; Endophytes; Fusarium; Indoleacetic Acids; Lilium; Metabolomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Roots; Secondary Metabolism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34395628
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9930210 -
The Egyptian Journal of Internal... 2023Unusual fungal agents that exist environmentally as saprophytes can often lead to opportunistic infections, hyalohyphomycosis is a group of fungal infections caused by...
Unusual fungal agents that exist environmentally as saprophytes can often lead to opportunistic infections, hyalohyphomycosis is a group of fungal infections caused by fungi characterized by hyaline septate hyphae and can infect both immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients, and has drawn the attention of clinicians and microbiologists, as a potential pathogen in patients with and without underlying risk factors. It has also been increasingly implicated in systemic fungal diseases. Herein, we describe a case presentation of an immunocompromised patient with fungal brain abscesses due to species.
PubMed: 36741047
DOI: 10.1186/s43162-022-00183-z -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The incidence of invasive sino-pulmonary diseases due to non- hyaline molds is increasing due to an enlarging and evolving population of immunosuppressed hosts as well... (Review)
Review
The incidence of invasive sino-pulmonary diseases due to non- hyaline molds is increasing due to an enlarging and evolving population of immunosuppressed hosts as well as improvements in the capabilities of molecular-based diagnostics. Herein, we review the following opportunistic pathogens known to cause sinopulmonary disease, the most common manifestation of hyalohyphomycosis: spp., spp., , spp., spp., spp., , , species complex, , and species. To facilitate an understanding of the epidemiology and clinical features of sino-pulmonary hyalohyphomycoses in the context of host immune impairment, we utilized a host-based approach encompassing the following underlying conditions: neutropenia, hematologic malignancy, hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation, chronic granulomatous disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and healthy individuals who sustain burns, trauma, or iatrogenic exposures. We further summarize the pre-clinical and clinical data informing antifungal management for each pathogen and consider the role of adjunctive surgery and/or immunomodulatory treatments to optimize patient outcome.
PubMed: 36836326
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020212 -
Cornea Dec 2018To report an unusual case of isolated Acremonium eumycetoma presenting as a protuberant mass over the cornea. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To report an unusual case of isolated Acremonium eumycetoma presenting as a protuberant mass over the cornea.
METHODS
Case report and literature review.
RESULTS
A 55-year-old male patient referred to our center with a case of perforated corneal ulcer with uveal tissue prolapse was examined in the casualty department and found to have central melt, approximately 8 mm, along with suspected uveal tissue prolapse. A provisional diagnosis of sloughed corneal ulcer with uveal prolapse was made along with differential diagnoses of fungal ball and infected foreign body granuloma. Tectonic penetrating keratoplasty under general anesthesia was planned. Intraoperatively, the suspected uveal (brown colored) tissue was found to be an epicorneal mass growing over an intact and infiltrated cornea. Histopathological and microbiological analysis of the epicorneal mass and host cornea revealed it to be a fungal ball (mass full of septate hyphae) with growth of Acremonium species on culture. The patient was administered topical and oral antifungal agents postoperatively, in addition to topical antibiotics and cycloplegics.
CONCLUSIONS
Isolated corneal Acremonium eumycetoma masquerading as a perforated corneal ulcer with prolapsed uveal tissue is a rare entity. Surgical intervention and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are key to successful outcome.
Topics: Acremonium; Antifungal Agents; Cornea; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Keratitis; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Male; Middle Aged; Mycetoma
PubMed: 30234681
DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000001750 -
Mycopathologia Apr 2019Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease that can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and bone. It can be caused by filamentous bacteria or fungi... (Review)
Review
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease that can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and bone. It can be caused by filamentous bacteria or fungi and usually involves the legs and feet. Mycetoma is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions and is easily misdiagnosed in clinical practice because of its nonspecific clinical features and lack of awareness of the disease. Although mycetoma is very rare in mainland China, an increasing number of cases have been reported in recent years. Here, we report a case of mycetoma in a patient who was misdiagnosed many years before receiving the correct treatment, leading to disease progression and motion limitation. The grains that represent microorganismal colonies were important clues for diagnosis. We also reviewed reported cases of mycetoma in mainland China. The majority of cases were reported from southern regions. Actinomycetoma was more commonly reported than was eumycetoma. The causative agents of actinomycetoma included Nocardia brasiliensis, N. asteroides, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. ninae and Gordonia terrae, and the causative fungi of eumycetoma were identified as Madurella mycetomatis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Acremonium falciforme. Notably, the diagnosis of mycetoma was delayed from months to decades in all of the patients, likely due to a lack of clinical experience. Our literature review suggests the importance of increased awareness of mycetoma in clinical practice, especially in non-endemic regions. Further investigative studies are needed to determine the real incidence of the disease in China.
Topics: Adult; Aged; China; Female; Fungi; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Incidence; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Mycetoma; Nocardia; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 30887177
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00324-z -
BioMed Research International 2022Plant species are known to harbor large number of endophytes, which stays in plant tissues as symbionts. These endophytes secrete large array of bioactive compounds that...
Plant species are known to harbor large number of endophytes, which stays in plant tissues as symbionts. These endophytes secrete large array of bioactive compounds that have potency against certain diseases with no side effects. We have collected leaf samples of the plant from the Pakistan Forest Institute, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan for the isolation of beneficial endophytes. The strains isolated from the leaves of were coded with MOL and tested for antimicrobial, antifungal, germicidal, phytotoxic, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The isolates, MOL1, MOL16, MOL19, and MOL21, possessed antibacterial activity against , whereas MOL7 inhibited 55% of the growth of . MOL3 inhibited the growth of , S. , and . The strains, MOL1 and MOL7, showed antifungal activity against and , while the strains, MOL11 and MOL17, showed activity against . The isolates, MOL3, MOL7, MOL9, MOL15, MOL17, MOL18, and MOL19, inhibited the growth of (duckweed) at 100 g/ml. MOL2 exhibited strong activity in the brine shrimp assay, while MOL1, MOL2, MOL5, MOL6, MOL12, MOL17, MOL19, and MOL20 showed insecticidal, and MOL3 demonstrated larvicidal and antileishmanial activity. The isolated potent endophytes were identified as , through morphological and microscopic characteristics of the colonies.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Moringa oleifera; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Fungi; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Leaves; Endophytes
PubMed: 36567913
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2461021 -
Mycopathologia Dec 2019Acremonium-like fungi are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens in cutaneous, subcutaneous and serious invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised and...
Acremonium-like fungi are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens in cutaneous, subcutaneous and serious invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised and debilitated individuals, and Acremonium infections are usually resistant to antifungal therapy. Several molecular studies have demonstrated that many species in the genus Acremonium are polyphyletic, and currently, the genus is restricted to the family Bionectriaceae (Hypocreales). Molecular identification and in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests of Acremonium-like fungi isolated from human clinical specimens in China were performed in this study. Three genetic loci: the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), were used to assess their taxonomic position for correct identification among various species. The multilocus study of twenty-eight strains showed that these strains were distributed in three main lineages: egyptiacum, Cordycipitaceae and Sarocladium; Acremonium egyptiacum and Sarocladium kiliense were the main species of these strains, and three isolates were too phylogenetically distant to be considered undescribed species. Relatively low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25-2 and 0.031-0.5 μg/mL were found for voriconazole and terbinafine for most species, respectively. Varied antifungal activities of ciclopirox olamine, amorolfine and posaconazole were found in our study. However, no antifungal effect of sertaconazole, itraconazole or fluconazole was observed against most strains. This is the first study on Acremonium-like species diversity by multilocus sequence analyses and antifungal susceptibility of clinically relevant isolates in China.
Topics: Acremonium; Antifungal Agents; Biodiversity; China; Classification; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Hypocreales; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoses; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Phylogeny
PubMed: 31655952
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00399-8 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022To better evaluate the effects of cellulase (AC) and previously screened heat-resistant 149 (LP149) on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial...
Effects of cellulase and heat-resistant lactic acid bacteria on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community structure of hybrid elephant grass silage in humid and hot areas.
To better evaluate the effects of cellulase (AC) and previously screened heat-resistant 149 (LP149) on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community during ensiling in humid and hot areas, this study used a small-scale fermentation system to prepare hybrid elephant grass silage at 30 and 45°C, respectively. Compared to control and commercial inoculant (LP), the addition of AC or strain LP149 decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose and increased the contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose during fermentation. Furthermore, AC and LP149 treatments altered the microbial communities' structure during ensiling. AC treatment provided more substrate for microbial fermentation, resulting in an increase in bacterial alpha diversity. LP149 treatment increased the abundance and optimized the bacterial community compositions. In addition, AC and LP149 treatments had higher ( < 0.05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents and lower ( < 0.05) pH, butyric acid, and NH-N levels compared to the control. These results indicated that AC and strain LP149 are promising silage additives that can promote lignocellulose degradation and improve the fermentation quality of hybrid elephant grass in humid and hot areas.
PubMed: 36478860
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066753 -
Microorganisms Aug 2018is known to be regularly isolated from food and also to be a cause of human disease. Herein, we resolve some sources of confusion that have strongly hampered the...
is known to be regularly isolated from food and also to be a cause of human disease. Herein, we resolve some sources of confusion that have strongly hampered the accurate interpretation of these and other isolations. The recently designated type species of the genus , , is known only from a single isolate, but it is the closest known relative of what may be one of the planet's most successful organisms, , shown herein to be best called by its earliest valid name, . The sequencing of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, actin genes, or both for 72 study isolates within this group allowed the full range of morphotypes and ITS barcode types to be elucidated, along with information on temperature tolerance and habitat. The results showed that nomenclatural confusion and frequent misidentifications facilitated by morphotaxonomy, along with misidentified early sequence deposits, have obscured the reality that this species is, in many ways, the definitive match of the historical concept of : a pale orange or dull greenish-coloured monophialidic hyphomycete, forming cylindrical, ellipsoidal, or obovoid conidia in sticky heads or obovoid conidia in dry chains, and acting ecologically as a soil organism, marine organism, plant pathogen, plant endophyte, probable insect pathogen, human opportunistic pathogen, food contaminant, probable dermatological communicable disease agent, and heat-tolerant spoilage organism. Industrially, it is already in exploratory use as a producer of the antibiotic ascofuranone, active against trypanosomes, cryptosporidia, and microsporidia, and additional applications are in development. The genus-level clarification of the phylogeny of shows other historic acremonia belong to separate genera, and two are here described, for the complex and for the complex.
PubMed: 30115839
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030088 -
Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology Sep 2016is an important filamentous fungus which produces cephalosporin C in industry. This review summarized the study on genetic engineering of , including biosynthesis and... (Review)
Review
is an important filamentous fungus which produces cephalosporin C in industry. This review summarized the study on genetic engineering of , including biosynthesis and regulation for fermentation of cephalosporin C, molecular techniques, molecular breeding and transcriptomics of . We believe with all the techniques available and full genomic sequence, the industrial strain of can be genetically modified to better serve the pharmaceutical industry.
PubMed: 29062938
DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.09.002