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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2014Mycoses summarized in the hyalohyphomycosis group are heterogeneous, defined by the presence of hyaline (non-dematiaceous) hyphae. The number of organisms implicated in...
Mycoses summarized in the hyalohyphomycosis group are heterogeneous, defined by the presence of hyaline (non-dematiaceous) hyphae. The number of organisms implicated in hyalohyphomycosis is increasing and the most clinically important species belong to the genera Fusarium, Scedosporium, Acremonium, Scopulariopsis, Purpureocillium and Paecilomyces. Severely immunocompromised patients are particularly vulnerable to infection, and clinical manifestations range from colonization to chronic localized lesions to acute invasive and/or disseminated diseases. Diagnosis usually requires isolation and identification of the infecting pathogen. A poor prognosis is associated with fusariosis and early therapy of localized disease is important to prevent progression to a more aggressive or disseminated infection. Therapy should include voriconazole and surgical debridement where possible or posaconazole as salvage treatment. Voriconazole represents the first-line treatment of infections due to members of the genus Scedosporium. For Acremonium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Purpureocillium spp. and Paecilomyces spp. the optimal antifungal treatment has not been established. Management usually consists of surgery and antifungal treatment, depending on the clinical presentation.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Fusarium; Humans; Hyalohyphomycosis; Scedosporium
PubMed: 24548001
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12465 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Sorbicillinoids are a family of hexaketide metabolites with a characteristic sorbyl side chain residue. Sixty-nine sorbicillinoids from fungi, newly identified from 2016... (Review)
Review
Sorbicillinoids are a family of hexaketide metabolites with a characteristic sorbyl side chain residue. Sixty-nine sorbicillinoids from fungi, newly identified from 2016 to 2021, are summarized in this review, including their structures and bioactivities. They are classified into monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and hybrid sorbicillinoids according to their basic structural features, with the main groups comprising both monomeric and dimeric sorbicillinoids. Some of the identified sorbicillinoids have special structures such as ustilobisorbicillinol A, and sorbicillasins A and B. The majority of sorbicillinoids have been reported from fungi genera such as , , , and , with some sorbicillinoids exhibiting cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, phytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In recent years, marine-derived, extremophilic, plant endophytic, and phytopathogenic fungi have emerged as important resources for diverse sorbicillinoids with unique skeletons. The recently revealed biological activities of sorbicillinoids discovered before 2016 are also described in this review.
PubMed: 35050002
DOI: 10.3390/jof8010062 -
Studies in Mycology 2011Over 200 new sequences are generated for members of the genus Acremonium and related taxa including ribosomal small subunit sequences (SSU) for phylogenetic analysis and...
Over 200 new sequences are generated for members of the genus Acremonium and related taxa including ribosomal small subunit sequences (SSU) for phylogenetic analysis and large subunit (LSU) sequences for phylogeny and DNA-based identification. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that within the Hypocreales, there are two major clusters containing multiple Acremonium species. One clade contains Acremonium sclerotigenum, the genus Emericellopsis, and the genus Geosmithia as prominent elements. The second clade contains the genera Gliomastixsensu stricto and Bionectria. In addition, there are numerous smaller clades plus two multi-species clades, one containing Acremonium strictum and the type species of the genus Sarocladium, and, as seen in the combined SSU/LSU analysis, one associated subclade containing Acremonium breve and related species plus Acremonium curvulum and related species. This sequence information allows the revision of three genera. Gliomastix is revived for five species, G. murorum, G. polychroma, G. tumulicola, G. roseogrisea, and G. masseei. Sarocladium is extended to include all members of the phylogenetically distinct A. strictum clade including the medically important A. kiliense and the protective maize endophyte A. zeae. Also included in Sarocladium are members of the phylogenetically delimited Acremonium bacillisporum clade, closely linked to the A. strictum clade. The genus Trichothecium is revised following the principles of unitary nomenclature based on the oldest valid anamorph or teleomorph name, and new combinations are made in Trichothecium for the tightly interrelated Acremonium crotocinigenum, Spicellum roseum, and teleomorph Leucosphaerinaindica. Outside the Hypocreales, numerous Acremonium-like species fall into the Plectosphaerellaceae, and A. atrogriseum falls into the Cephalothecaceae.
PubMed: 21523192
DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.06 -
Microbial Biotechnology May 2010Penicillins and cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics widely used in human medicine. The biosynthesis of these compounds starts by the condensation of the amino acids... (Review)
Review
Penicillins and cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics widely used in human medicine. The biosynthesis of these compounds starts by the condensation of the amino acids L-α-aminoadipic acid, L-cysteine and L-valine to form the tripeptide δ-L-α-aminoadipyl-l-cysteinyl-D-valine catalysed by the non-ribosomal peptide 'ACV synthetase'. Subsequently, this tripeptide is cyclized to isopenicillin N that in Penicillium is converted to hydrophobic penicillins, e.g. benzylpenicillin. In Acremonium and in streptomycetes, isopenicillin N is later isomerized to penicillin N and finally converted to cephalosporin. Expression of genes of the penicillin (pcbAB, pcbC, pendDE) and cephalosporin clusters (pcbAB, pcbC, cefD1, cefD2, cefEF, cefG) is controlled by pleitropic regulators including LaeA, a methylase involved in heterochromatin rearrangement. The enzymes catalysing the last two steps of penicillin biosynthesis (phenylacetyl-CoA ligase and isopenicillin N acyltransferase) are located in microbodies, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy and microbodies proteome analyses. Similarly, the Acremonium two-component CefD1-CefD2 epimerization system is also located in microbodies. This compartmentalization implies intracellular transport of isopenicillin N (in the penicillin pathway) or isopenicillin N and penicillin N in the cephalosporin route. Two transporters of the MFS family cefT and cefM are involved in transport of intermediates and/or secretion of cephalosporins. However, there is no known transporter of benzylpenicillin despite its large production in industrial strains.
Topics: Acremonium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biosynthetic Pathways; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Organelles; Penicillium; Streptomyces; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 21255328
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00123.x -
Transactions of the American... 1946
Topics: Acremonium; Humans; Keratitis
PubMed: 16693431
DOI: No ID Found -
Polymers Jul 2022Acremonium wilt disease affects grain quality and reduces sorghum yield around the globe. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of humic acid (HA)-coated FeO...
Acremonium wilt disease affects grain quality and reduces sorghum yield around the globe. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of humic acid (HA)-coated FeO (FeO/HA) nanoparticles (NPs) in controlling acremonium wilt disease and improving sorghum growth and yields. During the season 2019, twenty-one sorghum genotypes were screened to assess their response to via artificial infection under field conditions and each genotype was assigned to one of six groups, ranging from highly susceptible to highly resistant. Subsequently, over the two successive seasons 2020 and 2021, three different concentrations of 10, 40 and 80 mg L of FeO/HA NPs were tested against . The concentrations of 40 and 80 mg L were found to be highly effective in controlling acremonium wilt disease on different sorghum genotypes: LG1 (highly susceptible), Giza-3 (susceptible), and Local 119 (resistant) genotypes. After harvest, the physiological (growth and yield) and biochemical (peroxidase, catalase, and gibberellic acid) attributes of sorghum plants were determined, and the results demonstrated that concentrations of 40 and 80 mg L increased peroxidase and catalase activities in healthy (uninoculated) sorghum genotypes compared to inoculated sorghum genotypes. Additionally, the toxicity of FeO/HA NPs on male albino rats was investigated via hematological (CBC), chemical (ALT and AST) and histopathological analyses. The concentration 80 mg L of FeO/HA NPs caused a marked increase in ALT and creatinine level after 51 days of feeding. Severe pathological alterations were also observed in liver and kidney tissues of rats administered with grain sorghums treated with 80 mg L. In comparison with the untreated control plants, a concentration of 40 mg L significantly increased the growth, yield and gibberellic acid levels ( ≤ 0.05) and was found to be safe in male albino rats. Conclusively, a concentration of 40 mg L of FeO/HA NPs showed promising results in curtailing infections in sorghum, indicating its great potential to substitute harmful fertilizers and fungicides as a smart agriculture strategy.
PubMed: 35956614
DOI: 10.3390/polym14153099 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2018Cyclic depsipeptides (CDPs) are cyclopeptides in which amide groups are replaced by corresponding lactone bonds due to the presence of a hydroxylated carboxylic acid in... (Review)
Review
Cyclic depsipeptides (CDPs) are cyclopeptides in which amide groups are replaced by corresponding lactone bonds due to the presence of a hydroxylated carboxylic acid in the peptide structure. These peptides sometimes display additional chemical modifications, including unusual amino acid residues in their structures. This review highlights the occurrence, structures and biological activities of the fungal CDPs reported until October 2017. About 352 fungal CDPs belonging to the groups of cyclic tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-, and tridecadepsipeptides have been isolated from fungi. These metabolites are mainly reported from the genera , , , , , , , , and . They are known to exhibit various biological activities such as cytotoxic, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antimalarial, antitumoral and enzyme-inhibitory activities. Some CDPs (i.e., PF1022A, enniatins and destruxins) have been applied as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Topics: Depsipeptides; Fungi; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29342967
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010169 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022To better evaluate the effects of cellulase (AC) and previously screened heat-resistant 149 (LP149) on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial...
Effects of cellulase and heat-resistant lactic acid bacteria on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community structure of hybrid elephant grass silage in humid and hot areas.
To better evaluate the effects of cellulase (AC) and previously screened heat-resistant 149 (LP149) on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community during ensiling in humid and hot areas, this study used a small-scale fermentation system to prepare hybrid elephant grass silage at 30 and 45°C, respectively. Compared to control and commercial inoculant (LP), the addition of AC or strain LP149 decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose and increased the contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose during fermentation. Furthermore, AC and LP149 treatments altered the microbial communities' structure during ensiling. AC treatment provided more substrate for microbial fermentation, resulting in an increase in bacterial alpha diversity. LP149 treatment increased the abundance and optimized the bacterial community compositions. In addition, AC and LP149 treatments had higher ( < 0.05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents and lower ( < 0.05) pH, butyric acid, and NH-N levels compared to the control. These results indicated that AC and strain LP149 are promising silage additives that can promote lignocellulose degradation and improve the fermentation quality of hybrid elephant grass in humid and hot areas.
PubMed: 36478860
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066753 -
BioMed Research International 2021The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects....
The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects. In this study, the fungal endophyte sp. Ld-03 was isolated from the bulbs of and identified through morphological and molecular analysis. The molecular and morphological analysis confirmed the endophytic fungal strain as sp. Ld-03. Antifungal effects of Ld-03 were observed against , , , and . The highest growth inhibition, i.e., 78.39 ± 4.21%, was observed for followed by 56.68 ± 4.38%, 43.62 ± 3.81%, and 20.12 ± 2.45% for , , and , respectively. Analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction through UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS revealed putative secondary metabolites which included xanthurenic acid, valyl aspartic acid, gancidin W, peptides, and cyclic dipeptides such as valylarginine, cyclo-[L-(4-hydroxy-Pro)-L-leu], cyclo(Pro-Phe), and (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione. Other metabolites included (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 9-octadecenamide, D-erythro-C18-Sphingosine, N-palmitoyl sphinganine, and hydroxypalmitoyl sphinganine. The strain Ld-03 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production with or without the application of exogenous tryptophan. The IAA ranged from 53.12 ± 3.20 g ml to 167.71 ± 7.12 g ml under different tryptophan concentrations. The strain was able to produce siderophore, and its production was significantly decreased with increasing Fe(III) citrate concentrations in the medium. The endophytic fungal strain also showed production of organic acids and phosphate solubilization activity. Plant growth-promoting effects of the strain were evaluated on seedling growth of . Application of 40% culture dilution resulted in a significant increase in root and shoot length, i.e., 24.03 ± 2.71 mm and 37.27 ± 1.86 mm, respectively, compared to nontreated control plants. The fungal endophyte Ld-03 demonstrated the potential of conferring disease resistance and plant growth promotion. Therefore, we conclude that the isolated sp. Ld-03 should be further investigated before utilization as a biocontrol agent and plant growth stimulator.
Topics: Acetates; Acremonium; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Botrytis; Chive; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Resistance; Endophytes; Fusarium; Indoleacetic Acids; Lilium; Metabolomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Roots; Secondary Metabolism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34395628
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9930210