-
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2022Plant-derived bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and therapeutic attributes (phytogenics) are among the top priorities in the aquaculture sector. Therefore,...
Plant-derived bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and therapeutic attributes (phytogenics) are among the top priorities in the aquaculture sector. Therefore, the impact of thymol (Thy) and/or thymoquinone (ThQ) on the growth, immune response antioxidant capacity, and () resistance of Nile tilapia was investigated. Four fish groups were fed a control diet and three basal diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg diet of Thy or ThQ and a blend of both Thy and ThQ at a level of 200 mg/kg diet each. At the end of the feeding trial (12 weeks), the tilapias were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent (2.5 × 10 CFU/mL) harboring aerolysin () and hemolysin () genes. The results revealed that tilapias fed diets fortified with a combination of Thy and ThQ displayed significantly enhanced growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Notably, the expression of the genes encoding digestive enzymes (pepsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, α-amylase and lipase) and muscle and intestinal antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) was significantly upregulated in Thy/ThQ-fed fish. An excessive inflammatory response was subsided more prominently in the group administrated Thy/ThQ as supported by the downregulation of , and genes and in contrast, the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene. Remarkably, dietary inclusion of Thy/ThQ augmented the expression of autophagy-related genes, whilst it downregulated that of gene improving the autophagy process. Furthermore, Thy/ThQ protective effect against was evidenced via downregulating the expression of its and virulence genes with higher fish survival rates. Overall, the current study encouraged the inclusion of Thy/ThQ in fish diets to boost their growth rates, promote digestive and antioxidant genes expression, improve their immune responses and provide defense against infections with great economic benefits.
PubMed: 36359158
DOI: 10.3390/ani12213034 -
PloS One 2021Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome in patients with hematologic malignancies. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of patients with malignant hematologic diseases diagnosed with Aeromonas sobria bacteremia and to evaluate whether the type of bacteremia, community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) or HAB, is associated with mortality.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of pediatric and adult patients between January 2000 and December 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared between CAB and HAB. Additionally, we stratified based on age group. Survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 37 patients (median age 24 years) were identified; 23 (62%) had HAB and 14 (38%) had CAB. Overall, the most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (41%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 12/15, 80%) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 8/22, 36%) were the primary hematologic malignancies in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. CAB patients had worse overall survival (OS) rates at 30 days in all (43% versus HAB 91%, p = 0.006) and adult patients (30% versus HAB 92%, p = 0.002). Cox regression analysis found that quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and CAB were statistically significant factors associated with mortality. Low antimicrobial-resistant was noted, except for ciprofloxacin (n = 5/37, 14%).
CONCLUSION
Our study found a worse OS among patients with hematologic malignancies and CAB by Aeromonas sobria. Our results suggest that patients with CAB present with a worse disease severity. These findings should aid clinicians to determine the survival prognosis in this population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; Bacteremia; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Peru; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34379680
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255910 -
Journal of Zhejiang University....Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and...
Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and vegetables (Cahill, 1990; Galindo et al., 2004; Song et al., 2019). Aeromonas spp. are conditionally pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, which can rapidly proliferate, causing disease and even death in fish, especially when the environment is degraded (Neamat-Allah et al., 2020, 2021a, 2021b). In developing countries, Aeromonas spp. have been associated with a wide spectrum of infections in humans, including gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia, and lung infections (San Joaquin and Pickett, 1988; Wang et al., 2009; Su et al., 2013). Infections caused by Aeromonas spp. are usually more severe in immunocompromised individuals (Miyamoto et al., 2017). The presence of a plasmid encoding a β-lactamase in A. sobria that confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics poses a huge challenge to the treatment of diseases caused by this microorganism (Lim and Hong, 2020). Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the interaction between A. sobria and its hosts is urgently required to enable the development of effective strategies for the treatment of A. sobria infections.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Cytokines; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Host Microbial Interactions; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34514758
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2100456 -
Biological Chemistry Sep 2017Aeromonas sobria serine protease (ASP) is secreted from Aeromonas sobria, a pathogen causing gastroenteritis and sepsis. ASP resembles Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kex2, a... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas sobria serine protease (ASP) is secreted from Aeromonas sobria, a pathogen causing gastroenteritis and sepsis. ASP resembles Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kex2, a member of the subtilisin family, and preferentially cleaves peptide bonds at the C-terminal side of paired basic amino acid residues; also accepting unpaired arginine at the P1 site. Unlike Kex2, however, ASP lacks an intramolecular chaperone N-terminal propeptide, instead utilizes the external chaperone ORF2 for proper folding, therefore, ASP and its homologues constitute a new subfamily in the subtilisin family. Through activation of the kallikrein/kinin system, ASP induces vascular leakage, and presumably causes edema and septic shock. ASP accelerates plasma clotting by α-thrombin generation from prothrombin, whereas it impairs plasma clottability by fibrinogen degradation, together bringing about blood coagulation disorder that occurs in disseminated intravascular coagulation, a major complication of sepsis. From complement C5 ASP liberates C5a that induces neutrophil recruitment and superoxide release, and mast cell degranulation, which are associated with pus formation, tissue injury and diarrhea, respectively. Nicked two-chain ASP also secreted from A. sobria is more resistant to inactivation by α2-macroglobulin than single-chain ASP, thereby raising virulence activities. Thus, ASP is a potent virulence factor and may participate in the pathogenesis of A. sobria infection.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Humans; Subtilisin; Virulence
PubMed: 28432839
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0344 -
Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica... Jun 2021We investigated the cases with Aeromonas bacteremia in terms of clinical and microbiological characteristics, underlying disease and mortality rates. Patients with...
We investigated the cases with Aeromonas bacteremia in terms of clinical and microbiological characteristics, underlying disease and mortality rates. Patients with positive blood cultures were included in this research. Aeromonas bacteremia was diagnosed as at least one positive blood culture for Aeromonas species. The bacteremia was defined as community origin if the onset was in the community or within 72 hours of hospital admission. The others were considered as nosocomial. All bacteria were defined as Aeromonas with conventional method. Species identification was verified by VITEK system. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed with the disc diffusion, E-test method or VITEK system. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with bacteremia due to Aeromonas spp. Hematologic and solid tumors were the leading underlying conditions, followed by cirrhosis. Two patients (6%) had community-acquired infections. Aeromonas hydrophila was the most common isolated bacterium. The crude mortality rate was 36%. 12 patients died and 6 deaths and 4 deaths were detected in patients with bacteremia caused by A. hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria respectively. All strains were resistant to ampicillin and more than 90% of the strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, third generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Aeromonas sp. is not a frequent cause of bacteremia however, it may lead to high mortality rates, especially in the immunocompromised hosts and patients with liver cirrhosis. Nosocomial Aeromonas bacteremia is not uncommon in these populations. Broad-spectrum cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems remain as effective antimicrobial agents for therapy of Aeromonas bacteremia.
PubMed: 34156968
DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01449 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases...
is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases including sepsis, peritonitis, and meningitis. If that infects the intestinal tract causes such an extraintestinal infection, the pathogen must pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier. In our earlier study using intestinal cultured cells (T84 cells), we observed that an strain with higher serine protease (ASP) production caused a marked level of bacterial translocation across the T84 intestinal epithelial monolayer. Herein, we investigated the effect of ASP on tight junctions (TJs) in T84 cells. We observed that ASP acts on TJs and causes the destruction of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and claudin-7 (i.e., some of the protein components constituting TJs), especially in the strains with high ASP productivity. Based on the present results together with those of our earlier study, we propose that ASP may cause a disruption of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium as a whole due to the destruction of TJs (in addition to the destruction of adherens junctions) and that ASP may assist invasion of the pathogens from the intestinal epithelium into deep sites in the human body.
Topics: Aeromonas; Bacterial Translocation; Cell Line; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Serine Proteases; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 35273923
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824547 -
Journal of Fish Diseases May 2020Previously, Aeromonas sobria and A. salmonicida were identified to be the most prevalent species in salmonid farms in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical...
Previously, Aeromonas sobria and A. salmonicida were identified to be the most prevalent species in salmonid farms in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. salmonicida (3 isolates) and A. sobria (8 isolates) isolated from salmonids, and further investigated efficacy of A. salmonicida vaccine. In antibiotic susceptibility test, all of A. sobria isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Six A. sobria and two A. salmonicida isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. In challenge test, A. sobria isolates exhibited low pathogenicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) while one A. salmonicida isolate showed high pathogenicity with LD of 6.4 × 10 CFU/fish in rainbow trout and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Among virulence factors, secretion apparatus (ascV and ascC) and transcription regulatory protein (exsA) of type 3 secretion system and A-layer protein genes were differentially detected in DNA or cDNA of A. salmonicida isolates, indicating their contribution to the pathogenicity. A formalin-killed vaccine of highly pathogenic A. salmonicida isolate exhibited a protective effect with relative survival rate of 81.8% and 82.9% at 8 weeks and 16 weeks post-vaccination, respectively, in challenge test.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Formaldehyde; Furunculosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Republic of Korea; Vaccination; Vaccines, Inactivated; Virulence
PubMed: 32196710
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13158 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2022The current perspective is a pioneer to assess the efficacy of Salvia officinalis leave powder (SOLP) on growth, intestinal enzymes, physiological and antioxidant...
The current perspective is a pioneer to assess the efficacy of Salvia officinalis leave powder (SOLP) on growth, intestinal enzymes, physiological and antioxidant status, immunological response, and gene expression of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We also looked into fish resistance after being challenged with Aeromonas sobria, a pathogenic zoonotic bacteria. Fish (N = 120) were fed four different experimental diets in triplicate for 8 weeks. The control diet (SOLP0 - without SOLP); meanwhile, the other three diets included SOLP of 2, 4, and 8 g kg concentrations (SOLP2, SOLP4, and SOLP8), respectively. Findings demonstrated that fish fed SOLP4 and SOLP8 diets had better growth performance and improved digestion by noticeable enhancing lipase and amylase enzymes activity than other groups. Additionally, the antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and immune activities (immunoglobulin M, nitric oxide, and antiprotease) clarified a significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOLP4 and SOLP8 groups. Enriched diets with SOLP4 and SOLP8 exhibited better expression of splenic genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TLR-2, and SOD), intestinal genes (Slc26a6) and (PepT1 or Slc15a1), and muscular genes (IGF-1 and SOD), while MSTN was down-regulated. After 8 weeks of the experimental trial, C. carpio challenged by A. sobria exhibited the highest cumulative mortality (66.67%), while SOLP8-dietary intervention showed the best results in enhancing the fish resistance against A. sobria by lessening mortalities to 13.33% followed by SOLP4 diet (20%). The outcomes indicate that the expression of splenic, muscular, and intestinal genes confirm the efficacy of SOLP on enhancing growth, digestion, and immune-antioxidant status, and recommend the potential use of SOLP especially at 4 g kg level as a valuable natural economic diet additive in C. carpio culture for sustaining aquaculture.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aeromonas hydrophila; Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Carps; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Salvia officinalis; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 35772675
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.030 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Sep 2014Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria is a rare cause of bacteremia, with several studies indicating that this isolate may be of particular clinical significance since it is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria is a rare cause of bacteremia, with several studies indicating that this isolate may be of particular clinical significance since it is enterotoxin producing. A wide spectrum of infections has been associated with Aeromonas species in developing countries that include gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia and lung infections. This infection, caused by Aeromonas species, is usually more severe in immunocompromised than immunocompetent individuals. We here describe a case of soft tissue infection and severe sepsis due to Aeromonas sobria in an immunocompromised patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 74-year-old Caucasian man with a clinical history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immune thrombocytopenia, periodically treated with steroids, was admitted to our Intensive Care Unit because of necrotizing fasciitis and multiorgan failure due to Aeromonas sobria, which resulted in his death. The unfortunate coexistence of a Candida albicans infection played a key role in the clinical course.
CONCLUSION
Our experience suggests that early recognition and aggressive medical and surgical therapy are determinants in the treatment of severe septicemia caused by an Aeromonas sobria in an immunocompromised patient.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aged; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leg; Male; Multiple Organ Failure; Radiography; Sepsis; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 25245365
DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-315 -
Surgical Infections Apr 2022Monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis caused by , , and are often associated with high mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to compare the independent...
Monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis caused by , , and are often associated with high mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to compare the independent predictors related to outcomes between and species necrotizing fasciitis. Monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis caused by (60 patients) and species (31 patients) over an 11-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Differences in mortality, patient characteristics, clinical presentations, and laboratory data were compared between the and species groups, and between the death and the survival subgroups of patients with species. Six patients in the group (10%) and 11 in the species group (32.3%) died. Fifty-nine patents had bacteremia and 16 patients died (27.1%). Patients who had had a higher incidence of bacteremia. The patients who had species presenting with bacteremia were significantly associated with death. The death subgroup of patients with necrotizing fasciitis had a higher incidence of bacteremia, higher counts of banded leukocytes, lower platelet counts, lower total lymphocyte counts, and lower serum albumin level than the survival subgroup. Monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis caused by species was characterized by more fulminating and higher mortality than that of , even after early fasciotomy and third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic therapy. Those risk factors, such as bacteremia, shock, lower platelet counts, lower albumin levels, and antibiotic resistance were associated with mortality, which should alert clinicians to pay more attention to and aggressively treat those patients with and necrotizing fasciitis.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aeromonas hydrophila; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 35180367
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2021.337