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Journal of Zhejiang University....Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and...
Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and vegetables (Cahill, 1990; Galindo et al., 2004; Song et al., 2019). Aeromonas spp. are conditionally pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, which can rapidly proliferate, causing disease and even death in fish, especially when the environment is degraded (Neamat-Allah et al., 2020, 2021a, 2021b). In developing countries, Aeromonas spp. have been associated with a wide spectrum of infections in humans, including gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia, and lung infections (San Joaquin and Pickett, 1988; Wang et al., 2009; Su et al., 2013). Infections caused by Aeromonas spp. are usually more severe in immunocompromised individuals (Miyamoto et al., 2017). The presence of a plasmid encoding a β-lactamase in A. sobria that confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics poses a huge challenge to the treatment of diseases caused by this microorganism (Lim and Hong, 2020). Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the interaction between A. sobria and its hosts is urgently required to enable the development of effective strategies for the treatment of A. sobria infections.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Cytokines; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Host Microbial Interactions; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34514758
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2100456 -
PloS One 2021Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome in patients with hematologic malignancies. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of patients with malignant hematologic diseases diagnosed with Aeromonas sobria bacteremia and to evaluate whether the type of bacteremia, community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) or HAB, is associated with mortality.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of pediatric and adult patients between January 2000 and December 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared between CAB and HAB. Additionally, we stratified based on age group. Survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 37 patients (median age 24 years) were identified; 23 (62%) had HAB and 14 (38%) had CAB. Overall, the most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (41%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 12/15, 80%) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 8/22, 36%) were the primary hematologic malignancies in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. CAB patients had worse overall survival (OS) rates at 30 days in all (43% versus HAB 91%, p = 0.006) and adult patients (30% versus HAB 92%, p = 0.002). Cox regression analysis found that quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and CAB were statistically significant factors associated with mortality. Low antimicrobial-resistant was noted, except for ciprofloxacin (n = 5/37, 14%).
CONCLUSION
Our study found a worse OS among patients with hematologic malignancies and CAB by Aeromonas sobria. Our results suggest that patients with CAB present with a worse disease severity. These findings should aid clinicians to determine the survival prognosis in this population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; Bacteremia; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Peru; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34379680
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255910 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases...
is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases including sepsis, peritonitis, and meningitis. If that infects the intestinal tract causes such an extraintestinal infection, the pathogen must pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier. In our earlier study using intestinal cultured cells (T84 cells), we observed that an strain with higher serine protease (ASP) production caused a marked level of bacterial translocation across the T84 intestinal epithelial monolayer. Herein, we investigated the effect of ASP on tight junctions (TJs) in T84 cells. We observed that ASP acts on TJs and causes the destruction of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and claudin-7 (i.e., some of the protein components constituting TJs), especially in the strains with high ASP productivity. Based on the present results together with those of our earlier study, we propose that ASP may cause a disruption of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium as a whole due to the destruction of TJs (in addition to the destruction of adherens junctions) and that ASP may assist invasion of the pathogens from the intestinal epithelium into deep sites in the human body.
Topics: Aeromonas; Bacterial Translocation; Cell Line; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Serine Proteases; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 35273923
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824547 -
MicrobiologyOpen Nov 2019Aeromonas is recognized as a human pathogen following ingestion of contaminated food and water. One major problem in Aeromonas identification is that certain species are...
Proteomic characterization and discrimination of Aeromonas species recovered from meat and water samples with a spotlight on the antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila.
Aeromonas is recognized as a human pathogen following ingestion of contaminated food and water. One major problem in Aeromonas identification is that certain species are phenotypically very similar. The antimicrobial resistance is another significant challenge worldwide. We therefore aimed to use mass spectrometry technology for identification and discrimination of Aeromonas species and to screen the antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). A total of 150 chicken meat and water samples were cultured, and then, the isolates were identified biochemically by the Vitek 2 Compact system. Proteomic identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by a microchannel fluidics electrophoresis assay. Principal component analysis (PCA) and single-peak analysis created by MALDI were also used to discriminate the Aeromonas species. The antimicrobial resistance of the A. hydrophila isolates was determined by Vitek 2 AST cards. In total, 43 samples were positive for Aeromonas and comprised 22 A. hydrophila, 12 Aeromonas caviae (A. caviae), and 9 Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) isolates. Thirty-nine out of 43 (90.69%) Aeromonas isolates were identified by the Vitek 2 Compact system, whereas 100% of the Aeromonas isolates were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS with a score value ≥2.00. PCA successfully separated A. hydrophila, A. caviae and A. sobria isolates into two groups. Single-peak analysis revealed four discriminating peaks that separated A. hydrophila from A. caviae and A. sobria isolates. The resistance of A. hydrophila to antibiotics was 95.46% for ampicillin, 50% for cefotaxime, 45.45% for norfloxacin and pefloxacin, 36.36% for ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin, 31.81% for ofloxacin and 27.27% for nalidixic acid and tobramycin. In conclusion, chicken meat and water were tainted with Aeromonas spp., with a high occurrence of A. hydrophila. MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful technique for characterizing aeromonads at the genus and species levels. Future studies should investigate the resistance of A. hydrophila to various antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aeromonas caviae; Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteome; Proteomics; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 30614207
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.782 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2022Plant-derived bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and therapeutic attributes (phytogenics) are among the top priorities in the aquaculture sector. Therefore,...
Plant-derived bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and therapeutic attributes (phytogenics) are among the top priorities in the aquaculture sector. Therefore, the impact of thymol (Thy) and/or thymoquinone (ThQ) on the growth, immune response antioxidant capacity, and () resistance of Nile tilapia was investigated. Four fish groups were fed a control diet and three basal diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg diet of Thy or ThQ and a blend of both Thy and ThQ at a level of 200 mg/kg diet each. At the end of the feeding trial (12 weeks), the tilapias were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent (2.5 × 10 CFU/mL) harboring aerolysin () and hemolysin () genes. The results revealed that tilapias fed diets fortified with a combination of Thy and ThQ displayed significantly enhanced growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Notably, the expression of the genes encoding digestive enzymes (pepsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, α-amylase and lipase) and muscle and intestinal antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) was significantly upregulated in Thy/ThQ-fed fish. An excessive inflammatory response was subsided more prominently in the group administrated Thy/ThQ as supported by the downregulation of , and genes and in contrast, the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene. Remarkably, dietary inclusion of Thy/ThQ augmented the expression of autophagy-related genes, whilst it downregulated that of gene improving the autophagy process. Furthermore, Thy/ThQ protective effect against was evidenced via downregulating the expression of its and virulence genes with higher fish survival rates. Overall, the current study encouraged the inclusion of Thy/ThQ in fish diets to boost their growth rates, promote digestive and antioxidant genes expression, improve their immune responses and provide defense against infections with great economic benefits.
PubMed: 36359158
DOI: 10.3390/ani12213034 -
BMC Nephrology May 2019Peritonitis is a common cause of catheter removal and mortality in the patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Various pathogenic organisms have been identified as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Peritonitis is a common cause of catheter removal and mortality in the patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Various pathogenic organisms have been identified as the etiology of PD-related peritonitis, among which Aeromonas sobria is a rare one. Several studies have indicated that Aeromonas sobria might be of particular clinical significance because of its enterotoxin production. We here present a case of peritonitis due to Aeromonas sobria in a PD patient and review of the related literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 37-year-old man with chronic renal failure who was secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis had been on PD for approximately 6 months without any episode of peritonitis. In July 2015, he was admitted to the hospital for fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and cloudy dialysate several hours after eating stinky tofu. The peritoneal effluent culture yielded Aeromonas sobria. The patient was given intraperitoneal amikacin and intravenous levofloxacin for 10 days. And the patient's symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain were relieved and the cloudy effluent turned to be clear. Unfortunately, peritoneal dialysis catheter was blocked because of fibrin clot formation in the setting of inflammation, and finally it was removed.
CONCLUSIONS
Aeromonas species are rare causes of PD-related peritonitis, however they should not be ignored. Clinicians should be aware of monitoring the hygiene protocol and retraining patients at regular intervals, especially for such rare cases.
Topics: Adult; Aeromonas; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis
PubMed: 31109291
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1361-7 -
PloS One 2019Aeromonas sobria is a pathogen causing food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, A. sobria can leave the intestinal tract, and this...
Aeromonas sobria is a pathogen causing food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, A. sobria can leave the intestinal tract, and this opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases including sepsis, peritonitis, and meningitis. To cause such extraintestinal diseases, A. sobria must pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier. The mechanism of such bacterial translocation has not been established. Herein we used intestinal (T84) cultured cells to investigate the effect of A. sobria serine protease (ASP) on junctional complexes that maintain the intercellular adhesion of the intestinal epithelium. When several A. sobria strains were inoculated into T84 monolayer grown on Transwell inserts, the strain with higher ASP production largely decreased the value of transepithelial electrical resistance exhibited by the T84 monolayer and markedly caused bacterial translocation from the apical surface into the basolateral side of T84 monolayer. Further experiments revealed that ASP acts on adherens junctions (AJs) and causes the destruction of both nectin-2 and afadin, which are protein components constituting AJs. Other studies have not revealed the bacterial pathogenic factors that cause the destruction of both nectin-2 and afadin, and our present results thus provide the first report that the bacterial extracellular protease ASP affects these molecules. We speculate that the destruction of nectin-2 and afadin by the action of ASP increases the ability of A. sobria to pass through intestinal epithelial tissue and contributes to the severity of pathological conditions.
Topics: Aeromonas; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Translocation; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Kinesins; Myosins; Nectins; Serine Proteases
PubMed: 31419250
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221344 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021, a common conditional pathogenic bacteria, is widely distributed in the environment and causes gastroenteritis in humans or septicemia in fish. Of all species, is the...
, a common conditional pathogenic bacteria, is widely distributed in the environment and causes gastroenteritis in humans or septicemia in fish. Of all species, is the most frequently isolated from human infections especially in immunocompromised subjects. Innate immunity is the first protection system of organism to resist non-specific pathogens invasion; however, the immune response process of hosts against infection re\mains unexplored. The present study established an infection model using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMφs). The adherence and cytotoxicity of on PMφs were determined by May-Grünwald Giemsa staining and LDH release measurement. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were measured using qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA methods. We also investigated the levels of ASC oligomerization and determined the roles of active caspase-1 in IL-1β secretion through inhibition assays and explored the activated pattern recognition receptors through immunofluorescence. We further elucidated the roles of activated inflammasome in regulating the host's inflammatory response through inhibition combined with ELISA assays. Our results showed that induced lytic cell death and LDH release, whereas it had no adhesive properties on PMφs. triggered various proinflammatory cytokine transcription level upregulation, and IL-1β occupied the highest levels. The pro-IL-1β protein expression levels increased in a dose-dependent manner with MOI ranging from 1 to 100. This process was regulated by ASC-dependent inflammasome, which cleavage pro-IL-1β into active IL-1β p17 with activated caspase-1 p20. Meanwhile, the expression levels of NLRP3 receptor significantly increased, location analysis revealed puncta-like surrounding nuclear, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome downregulated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Blocking of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through K efflux and cathepsin B or caspase approaches downregulated -induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Overall, these data indicated that induced proinflammatory cytokine production in PMφs through activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Caspase 1; Cytokines; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
PubMed: 34513725
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691445 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017is a mesophilic motile aeromonad currently depicted as an opportunistic pathogen, despite increasing evidence of mutualistic interactions in salmonid fish. However, the...
is a mesophilic motile aeromonad currently depicted as an opportunistic pathogen, despite increasing evidence of mutualistic interactions in salmonid fish. However, the determinants of its host-microbe associations, either mutualistic or pathogenic, remain less understood than for other aeromonad species. On one side, there is an over-representation of pathogenic interactions in the literature, of which only three articles to date report mutualistic interactions; on the other side, genomic characterization of this species is still fairly incomplete as only two draft genomes were published prior to the present work. Consequently, no study specifically investigated the biodiversity of . In fact, the investigation of as a species complex may have been clouded by: (i) confusion with biovar because of their similar biochemical profiles, and (ii) the intrinsic low resolution of previous studies based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and multilocus sequence typing. So far, the only high-resolution, phylogenomic studies of the genus included one strain (CECT 4245 / Popoff 208), making it impossible to robustly conclude on the phylogenetic intra-species diversity and the positioning among other species. To further understand the biodiversity and the spectrum of host-microbe interactions in as well as its potential genomic diversity, we assessed the genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity among five strains: two clinical isolates recovered from infected fish (JF2635 and CECT 4245), one from an infected amphibian (08005) and two recently isolated brook charr probionts (TM12 and TM18) which inhibit growth of subsp. (a salmonid fish pathogen). A phylogenomic assessment including 2,154 softcore genes corresponding to 946,687 variable sites from 33 genomes confirms the status of as a distinct species divided in two subclades, with 100% bootstrap support. The phylogenomic split of in two subclades is corroborated by a deep dichotomy between all five strains in terms of inhibitory effect against subsp. , gene contents and codon usage. Finally, the antagonistic effect of strains TM12 and TM18 suggests novel control methods against subsp. .
PubMed: 29276504
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02434 -
Microorganisms Oct 2021The aims of this study were to characterize and investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of integrons in 161 spp. isolated from ornamental freshwater fish...
Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Environmental and Clinical Species Isolated from Fresh Water Ornamental Fish and Associated Farming Environment in Sri Lanka.
The aims of this study were to characterize and investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of integrons in 161 spp. isolated from ornamental freshwater fish farming environment, apparently healthy and diseased fish. Phylogenetic analyses of the gene sequences identified as the most abundant species (75.8%) followed by (9.3%), (5%), (4.3%), (3.7%), (0.6%), (0.6%), and (0.6%). Susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobials was determined and antimicrobial resistance frequencies were: amoxicillin (92.5%), enrofloxacin (67.1%), nalidixic acid (63.4%), erythromycin (26.1%), tetracycline (23.6%), imipenem (18%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (16.8%), and gentamicin (16.8%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was widespread among the isolates (51.6%, 83/161) with 51.6% (63/122) isolates being MDR. In addition, 68.3% of isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes higher than 0.2, suggesting that they originated from a high-risk source of contamination where antimicrobials are often used. In all, 21.7% isolates carried class 1 integrons, with 97.1% having gene cassettes, while there were 12 isolates carrying class 2 integron gene cassettes. Our findings highlight that the aquatic environment and ornamental fish act as reservoirs of multidrug resistant spp. and underline the need for a judicious use of antimicrobials and timely surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture.
PubMed: 34683427
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102106