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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2021African catfish () were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM)...
African catfish () were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM) replacement in the diet and its effects on immune status, antioxidant activity, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide () gene expression, and disease resistance. A total of 150 (51.01 ± 0.34 g) were randomly distributed among five groups in triplicate. Five experimental diets were formulated to replace 0 (control), 33.5, 50, 66.5, and 100% FM with soybean and sunflower meal to form the experimental diets (R0, R33.5, R50, R66.5, and R100, respectively). After 30 days, the diet containing PP for FM had no significant impact on total, and differential leukocyte counts determined at the end of the feeding period. The total globulin concentration showed significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. The R0 group had the highest concentration of serum γ-globulin, while R100 had the lowest concentration. The antioxidant status complements 3 (C3), lysozyme activity (LYZ), and antiprotease activity were not significantly different between R0, R33.5, and R50 groups, while they were significantly lower in R100. The serum nitric oxide activity (NO) exhibited significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. was significantly higher in the R33.5 group. The highest cumulative mortality caused by was recorded in the R100 group (60%) and the lowest in the R0 group (30%). In conclusion, the results indicate that the immunological responses and antioxidant status of were not affected when they consumed a diet with FM replaced by up to 50% with PP (SBM and SFM) with methionine and lysine supplementation, but total globulin, NO, and cumulative mortality were impaired with a diet containing a 100% FM replacement.
PubMed: 33922697
DOI: 10.3390/ani11051223 -
Veterinaria Italiana 2015The rapid rise in the number of pet chelonians and their illegal trade can modify the ecology, involving exotic pets, humans, and microbiological agents. Therefore,...
The rapid rise in the number of pet chelonians and their illegal trade can modify the ecology, involving exotic pets, humans, and microbiological agents. Therefore, different epidemiological situations and the related risk to introduce and spread infectious diseases, especially zoonotic agents, have to be considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological and parasitological situation in 2 chelonian facilities (a private breeding of tortoises and a shelter for turtles) collecting oral/cloacal swabs and cloacal flushes to research viruses, bacteria, and parasites. No Chelonian Herperviruses, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. infections were found. Salmonella spp. were detected in 8% of tortoises and in 37.5% of turtles and oxyurid eggs in 23.7% of tortoises and 15% of turtles; ascarid eggs were present only in tortoises. Moreover, 6 turtles showed cutaneous lesions, where Aeromonas sobria was isolated as main pathogen. Further studies should be performed to understand the zoonotic and infectious risk in each chelonian facility and to characterize the variables that could influence the microbiological patterns.
Topics: Animals; Italy; Turtles
PubMed: 26344661
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.7.21.3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2018In order to understand the molecular basis underlying the host immune response of koi carp (), Illumina HiSeq 2000 is used to analyze the muscle and spleen transcriptome...
In order to understand the molecular basis underlying the host immune response of koi carp (), Illumina HiSeq 2000 is used to analyze the muscle and spleen transcriptome of koi carp infected with (). assembly of paired-end reads yielded 69,480 unigenes, of which the total length, average length, N50, and GC content are 70,120,028 bp, 1037 bp, 1793 bp, and 45.77%, respectively. Annotation is performed by comparison against various databases, yielding 42,229 (non-redundant protein sequence (NR): 60.78%), 59,255 (non-redundant nucleotide (NT): 85.28%), 35,900 (Swiss-Prot: 51.67%), 11,772 (clusters of orthologous groups (COG): 16.94%), 33,057 (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG): 47.58%), 18,764 (Gene Ontology (GO): 27.01%), and 32,085 (Interpro: 46.18%) unigenes. Comparative analysis of the expression profiles between bacterial challenge fish and control fish identifies 7749 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the muscle and 7846 DEGs from the spleen. These DEGs are further categorized with KEGG. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs and unigenes reveals major immune-related functions, including up-regulation of genes related with Toll-like receptor signaling, complement and coagulation cascades, and antigen processing and presentation. The results from RNA-Seq data are also validated and confirmed the consistency of the expression levels of seven immune-related genes after 24 h post infection with qPCR. Microsatellites (11,534), including di-to hexa nucleotide repeat motifs, are also identified. Altogether, this work provides valuable insights into the underlying immune mechanisms elicited during bacterial infection in koi carp that may aid in the future development of disease control measures in protection against .
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Carps; Fish Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Muscles; Spleen; Transcriptome
PubMed: 30036965
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072107 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2017Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an efficient part of innate immunity and are found in a variety of life. Among them Histone 2A (H2A), as a promising class of...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an efficient part of innate immunity and are found in a variety of life. Among them Histone 2A (H2A), as a promising class of AMPs, attracts great attention, but the in vivo mechanism of H2A derived AMP is still less known. Based on the acquisition of Sphistin, a synthetic 38-amino acid H2A derived peptide from Scylla paramamosain, as reported in our previous study, was truncated into three short fragments (Sph, Sph and Sph) and further investigated for its possible functional domains. The antimicrobial activities of these analogs against different Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were illustrated. Among the analogs, Sph showed a stronger activity with a much lower minimum inhibitory concentration (3 μM) against Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Micrococcus lysodeikticus Fleming, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria in comparison with the reported Sphistin. A leakage of intracellular content was described in E. coli treated with Sph. Unlike Sphistin which mainly disrupts the membrane integrity, Sph could also combine the A. sobria genomic DNA with a minimum concentration of 6 μM and was located intracellularly in cells observed under confocal laser scanning microscope imaging. In comparison with the control group of Oryzias melastigma injected with A. sobria alone, the group treated with a mixture of Sph and A. sobria showed a higher survival rate 7 days post-injection. Furthermore, in a pretreatment assay at 6 h, a higher survival rate was observed in the group injected with the mixture of Sph and A. sobria. Taken together, the synthetic peptide of Sph had a potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria. However, Sph had no cytotoxicity towards the hemolymph of S. paramamosain. Our study suggested that, as with Sph, the H2A derived peptides were more likely prone to exert their activities in vivo through the truncated fragments while defending against different species of pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Fungi; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Immunity, Innate; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oryzias
PubMed: 28600196
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.013 -
[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal... 2017Aeromonas species are known to be a cause of diarrhea and acute enterocolitis. However, only a few cases have been reported and the pathophysiology of Aeromonas... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas species are known to be a cause of diarrhea and acute enterocolitis. However, only a few cases have been reported and the pathophysiology of Aeromonas infection has not as yet been clarified. We experienced 2 cases developing severe enterocolitis during the course of hematological malignancies, specifically multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Both patients presented with watery diarrhea that persisted for more than a week, followed by bloody diarrhea. Total colon endoscopy showed multiple ulcers on the mucosa from the sigmoid colon to the rectum, and biopsies from the ulcer revealed infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils in the mucosa and submucosa. Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria were isolated from stool cultures, respectively. Treatment with oral ciprofloxacin was effective in both patients and clinical symptoms showed significant improvement. These cases raise the possibility of Aeromonas infection as a cause of severe enterocolitis and the importance of making a correct differential diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment in immunocompromised patients including those with hematological malignancies.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Diarrhea; Enterocolitis; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma
PubMed: 28484157
DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.58.303 -
Aquatic Biosystems 2014Seabirds have been historically used to monitor environmental contamination. The aim of the present study was to test the suitability of a species belonging to the...
INTRODUCTION
Seabirds have been historically used to monitor environmental contamination. The aim of the present study was to test the suitability of a species belonging to the Procellariiformes group, the Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus, as a sentinel of environmental health, by determining contaminant levels (trace metals and organochlorine compounds) from carcass tissues and by isolating Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. from live specimens. To this end, 35 Puffinus puffinus carcasses wrecked on the north-central coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and two carcasses recovered in Aracruz, on the coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, were sampled, and fragments of muscle and hepatic tissues were collected for contaminant analyses. Swabs from eleven birds found alive at the north-central coast of Rio de Janeiro were collected for isolation of the aforementioned bacteria.
RESULTS
THE AVERAGE CONCENTRATION IN DRY WEIGHT (DW) OF THE TRACE METALS WERE: mercury 7.19 mg kg(-1)(liver) and 1.23 mg kg(-1) (muscle); selenium 34.66 mg kg(-1) (liver) and 7.98 mg kg(-1) (muscle); cadmium 22.33 mg kg(-1) (liver) and 1.11 mg kg(-1) (muscle); and lead, 0.1 mg kg(--1) (liver) and 0.16 mg kg(-1) (muscle). Organochlorine compounds were detected in all specimens, and hexachlorbiphenyls, heptachlorbiphenyls and DDTs presented the highest levels. Regarding microbiological contamination, bacteria from the Vibrio genus were isolated from 91% of the analyzed specimens. Vibrio harveyi was the predominant species. Bacteria from the Aeromonas genus were isolated from 18% of the specimens. Aeromonas sobria was the only identified species.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that Puffinus puffinus seems to be a competent ocean health sentinel. Therefore, the monitoring of contaminant levels and the isolation of public health interest bacteria should proceed in order to consolidate this species importance as a sentinel.
PubMed: 25191536
DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-10-6 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2016Aeromonas species are broadly distributed in nature and agricultural environments and have been isolated from feces, bedding, and drinking water of healthy pigs. We...
Aeromonas species are broadly distributed in nature and agricultural environments and have been isolated from feces, bedding, and drinking water of healthy pigs. We assessed the incidence, virulence properties, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas spp., isolated from pig feces. Antibiogram was done using the disc diffusion methods, and polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of putative virulence genes. Identification of isolates revealed three phenotypic species with percentage distribution as follows: Aeromonas hydrophila 23 (45.1 %), Aeromonas caviae 16 (31.4 %), and Aeromonas sobria 12 (23.5 %). All Aeromonas isolates in the study were absolutely susceptible to cefotaxime and resistant to penicillin. A. cavaie and A. sobria demonstrated absolute susceptibility against ciprofloxacin and streptomycin. Aeromonas species showed varied susceptibility to cephalothin as follows: A. hydrophila 78.3 %, A. cavaie 93.7 %, and A. sobria 91.7 %. The percentage distribution of virulence genes among Aeromonas isolates were as follows: Aerolysin (aer) 74.5 %, flagellin gene (fla) 68.6 %, cytotoxin (hly A) 43.1 %, lipase (lip) 39.2 %, enterotoxic activities (ast) 31.3 %, and cytotonic gene (alt) 13.7 %. Reports from this study shows that Aeromonas species isolated from pig fecal samples are multi-drug resistant and possess virulence potential which may result to possible risk of human or animal infection and likely contamination of food and water from this sources.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Feces; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sus scrofa; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 26971520
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6421-y -
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious... 2022
Topics: Aeromonas; Aneurysm, Infected; Aortitis; Bacteremia; Humans; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 36037846
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102699 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Aug 2023This work describes a unique and environmentally friendly approach for creating three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic flower shaped hybrid nanostructures called...
This work describes a unique and environmentally friendly approach for creating three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic flower shaped hybrid nanostructures called "nanoflower (NF)" by using Umbilicaria decussate (U. decussate) extract and copper ions (Cu ). U. decussate species were collected from certain place in Antarctic and Turkey and extraction of each species were completed in methanol and water. The U. decussate extracts were used as organic components and Cu acted as inorganic components for formation of U. decussate extracts based hybrid NFs. We rationally used these NFs as novel nanobiocatalyst and antimicrobial agents. These NFs exhibited peroxidase mimic, dye degradation and antimicrobial properties. The NFs were characterized with various techniques. For instance, the morphologies of the NFs were monitored by scanning electron microscope (SEM), presence of elements in the NFs were presented using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to elucidate corresponding bending and stretching of bonds in the NFs. The NFs acted as effective Fenton agents in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and we demonstrated their peroxidase-like activity against guaiacol, dye degradation property towards malachite green and antimicrobial activity for Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus.
Topics: Peroxidase; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Copper; Antarctic Regions; Turkey; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37172105
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300090 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Feb 2020The rapid expansion of the ornamental aquaculture industry over the past decades has resulted in a concomitant increase in the use of antibiotics to combat infectious...
The rapid expansion of the ornamental aquaculture industry over the past decades has resulted in a concomitant increase in the use of antibiotics to combat infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of ornamental fish in the translocation of antibiotic resistant bacteria, with possible consequences for aquarium and public health. We assessed the prevalence of bacterial infections and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from 134 ornamental fish imported into northwest Italy during two years of monitoring. Ornamental fish analyzed were imported mainly from Singapore (40%) and Israel (20%), followed by Thailand (13%), Sri Lanka (12%), Czech Republic (7%), Vietnam (5%) and Indonesia (3%). The most commonly imported fish were freshwater species, particularly those belonging to the Poeciliidae family. Bacteriological exam was positive in 68% of the fish examined. The most frequently isolated bacterium was Aeromonas sobria (37%). Bacteria showed resistance against lincomycin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline. Sensitivity was found for florfenicol, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Odds ratio (OR) values were calculated as a measure of the association between antibiotic resistance of A. sobria and selected factors (country of origin, fish family and fish species), considering Thailand, Poeciliidae and Poecilia reticulata as control cases. Higher values were found for Vietnam (OR 5.6) and Xiphophorus helleri and X. maculatus (OR 3.0 and 3.7 respectively). Our findings underline the need to improve targeted surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and prevent the translocation of resistant or multi-resistant bacterial strains in ornamental fish, especially in fish imported from countries where surveillance is limited or lacking.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fish Diseases; Italy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence
PubMed: 31918357
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104880