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Veterinary World May 2023Antibiotic resistance has become an issue of global importance due to increasing levels of bacterial infections worldwide. Farm management and usage of antibiotics in...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Antibiotic resistance has become an issue of global importance due to increasing levels of bacterial infections worldwide. Farm management and usage of antibiotics in livestock are known risk factors associated with the increase in global levels of antibiotic resistance. Goats and sheep are examples of livestock with large populations. Although antibiotic resistance in bacteria from livestock negatively affects both human health and the economy, the global data regarding this issue in goats and sheep are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide information on the antibiotic-resistance profile of bacteria isolated from goats and sheep worldwide (Asia, Europe, and Africa).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a systematic review of articles published on this topic without any restriction on the year of publication. We searched the Directory of Open Access Journals, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using Boolean logic through various keywords. The search generated a total of 1325 articles, and after screening for duplicates and implementing inclusion and exclusion criteria, qualitative synthesis (i.e., qualitative systematic review) was performed on 37 articles.
RESULTS
The synthesized information indicated that 18 Gram-positive and 13 Gram-negative bacterial species from goats and sheep were resistant to ten antibiotics, namely penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin (CIP), and sulfamethoxazole. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance ranged from 0.4% to 100%. However, up to 100% of some bacteria, namely, Dublin, , and , were susceptible to CIP. and were highly resistant to all antibiotics tested. Moreover, eight of the ten antibiotics tested were critically important antibiotics for humans.
CONCLUSION
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in goats and sheep are a potential risk to animal and human health. Collaboration between all stakeholders and further research is needed to prevent the negative impacts of antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 37576756
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.977-986 -
Journal of Microbiological Methods Aug 2023Rapid and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens is critical in controlling disease outbreaks affecting farmed fish. The present study aimed to develop a novel...
Rapid and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens is critical in controlling disease outbreaks affecting farmed fish. The present study aimed to develop a novel serological diagnostic approach using nano‑silver based Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for speedy detection of Aeromonas veronii infections in Nile tilapia. A. veronii isolates used in ELISA assays were recovered from moribund Nile tilapia during a disease outbreak in a private fish farm in Egypt. A. veronii isolates were identified based on alignment analysis of the gyrB and 16S rRNA gene sequences. A. veronii antisera used in ELISA assays were prepared in tilapia, and the bacterial antigens were formalin-killed. The cut-off values were 0.46 and 0.48 in traditional and nano-based ELISA. There were no cross-reactions with bacterial isolates (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Vibrio vulnificus). The lowest antigen concentration that produced positive results after checkerboard titration in indirect-ELISA (i-ELISA) and dot ELISA was 15 μg and 250 ng of prepared antigen, respectively. Nano-ELISA and nano-based dot-ELISA antigen concentration was 10 μg and 100 ng, respectively. Sera concentration was 1:100 in indirect-ELISA and dot-ELISA, while it was 1:50 in nano-based ELISA and nano dot-ELISA. The i-ELISA successfully detected anti-Aeromonas IgG antibodies with 83.33% sensitivity and 66.67% specificity, while in the dot-ELISA, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.33% and 100%, respectively. Nano dot-ELISA had 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Nano dot-ELISA assays have higher specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy than traditional ELISAs in detecting A. veronii. Further studies are needed to develop a rapid test kit for on-site field diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas veronii; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Silver; Aeromonas hydrophila; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 37451347
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106782 -
South Asian Journal of Cancer Jul 2022Bikram Das Aeromonas is a water-dwelling Gram-negative bacillus primarily associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases. Aeromonas sobria causing gastroenteritis...
Bikram Das Aeromonas is a water-dwelling Gram-negative bacillus primarily associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases. Aeromonas sobria causing gastroenteritis has been reported in India. In immunocompromised host, Aeromonas sobria can also present with severe necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate. We report a case of Aeromonas sobria sepsis with skin and soft tissue infection in the background of immunosuppression. Fifty-year-old male who underwent an unrelated donor peripheral stem cell transplant for relapsed pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete clinical remission on graft versus host disease prophylaxis, post-white blood cell engraftment presented with acute onset lethargy, lower limb pain without fever, or any skin changes initially. He rapidly worsened clinically over few days and developed sepsis, multiorgan dysfunction with the appearance of erythema and blister over the lower limb, and Fournier's gangrene of scrotum. He was found to have Aeromonas sobria bacteremia with isolated resistance to carbapenems while sensitive to all other classes of antibiotics. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive measures, he succumbed to death for this invasive bacterial disease. Aeromonas should be considered a cause of sepsis in immunosuppressed hosts, especially those with hematological malignancy presenting with necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection. Considering the virulence of this pathogen, despite the very susceptible antibiogram, such patients must be managed aggressively. Early recognition of the disease with a combination of medical and surgical management might help to improve the outcome.
PubMed: 36588616
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743164 -
Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) May 2024Aeromonas is well-recognized for causing diarrhea and post-traumatic wound infections. The most common Aeromonas species include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae,...
Aeromonas is well-recognized for causing diarrhea and post-traumatic wound infections. The most common Aeromonas species include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas sobria. In cases of immunocompromise and malignancy, Aeromonas infections can prove fatal. Instances of deadly necrotizing fasciitis in the extremities due to Aeromonas infection have been documented. Herein, a case of previously unreported fatal retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis involving Aeromonas caviae in a patient with a history of gastric cancer is presented.
PubMed: 38700743
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-024-01716-0 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Crawfish can be easily spoiled due to their rich nutrition and high water content, which is difficult to preserve. In this study, the dominant spoilage organisms in...
Crawfish can be easily spoiled due to their rich nutrition and high water content, which is difficult to preserve. In this study, the dominant spoilage organisms in crawfish which were stored at 4 °C in vacuum packaging were identified by high-throughput sequencing technology; after sequencing the full-length 16S rRNA gene, the changes in the bacterial community structure, diversity and quality (texture, flavor, etc.) were analyzed. Our results reflected that the specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) of crawfish were , Shewanella putrefaciens, Trichococcus pasteurii and , since their abundances significantly increased after being stored for 12 days at 4 °C under vacuum conditions. At the same time, the abundance and diversity of the microbial community decreased with storage time, which was related to the rapid growth of the dominant spoilage organisms and the inhibition of other kinds of microorganisms at the end of the spoilage stage. Function prediction results showed that the gene which contributed to metabolism influenced the spoilage process. Moreover, the decline in texture of crawfish was negatively correlated to the richness of SSOs; this may be because SSOs can produce alkaline proteases to degrade the myofibrillar protein. On the contrary, the unpleasant flavor of crawfish, resulting from volatile flavor compounds such as S-containing compounds and APEOs, etc., is negatively correlated to the richness of SSOs, due to the metabolism of SSOs by secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, polyketides and lips, which can lead to decarboxylation, deamination and enzymatic oxidation. These results are very important to achieve the purpose of targeted inhibition of crawfish spoilage at 4 °C in vacuum packaging.
Topics: Animals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Food Packaging; Food Microbiology; Vacuum; Microbiota; Astacoidea; Food Preservation
PubMed: 36500719
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238618 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jul 2023Probiotics sourced from fish intestinal microbiota have a merit over other bacterial sources due to colonization ability and effective time. This study aimed to evaluate...
Probiotics sourced from fish intestinal microbiota have a merit over other bacterial sources due to colonization ability and effective time. This study aimed to evaluate the bacilli isolated from the Rhynchocypris lagowskii intestines and their validity as a probiotic. Three isolates were selected (LSG 2-5, LSG 3-7, and LSG 3-8) and defined by morphological and 16S rRNA analysis as Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Bacillus mojavensis, respectively. Results showed the strain tolerant abilities to gastrointestinal fluid, bile salt, pH, and temperature expotures. Additionally, all bacterial strains showed anti-pathogenic activity against at least four strains out of six tested pathogen strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella, and Aeromonas sobria). The bacterial strains also showed a high percentage of co-aggregation activity, more than 70%, with Aer. hydrophile, Staph. epidermidis, and Klebsiella aerogenes. At the same time, the results of competition, rejection, and substitution activity with Aer. hydrophila and Aer. veronii indicated the ability of the isolated strains to reduce the adhesion of pathogens to mucin. All strains showed safety properties, non-hemolytic, and sensitivity characteristics for most of tested antibiotics. In vivo test after injecting these strains into fish at various concentrations showed no side effects in the internal or external organs of fish compared to controls, proving that this is safe for these fish. Furthermore, the three strains produced lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes. The strains also showed bile salt hydrolase activity and biofilm formation, allowing them to tolerate stressful conditions. Conclusion: Based on these strains characteristics and features, they could be considered a promising candidate probiotic and can be used as an anti-pathogenic, especially in aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacillus; Intestines; Probiotics; Fishes
PubMed: 37209775
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106163 -
Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont,... Aug 2015Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profile of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the urbanized Eltsovka-1 River (Russia) were...
Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profile of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the urbanized Eltsovka-1 River (Russia) were investigated. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA of of G+ strains showed 99-100% identity to that of Bacillus aerophilus, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus anthrancis, Bacillus barbaricus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus indriensis, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Streptomyces albidoflavus, Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces exfoliatus, Streptomyces odorifer, and Streptomyces sampsonii. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA of G-strains was similar in 99-100% to that of Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas encheleia, Aeromonas hydrophila, A. hydrophila subsp. anaerogenes, A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis, Aeromonas media, Aeromonas molluscorum, Aeromonas popoffii, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida, A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Aeromonas punctata, Aeromonas sobria, and Shewanella putrefaciens. The highest percentage (88.4%) of strains was resistant to polymyxin B followed by 69% to lincomycin, 61.5% to benzilpenicillin, 57.7% to ampicillin, and 50% to carbenicillin. A low level of resistance (4%) was found to kanamycin (8%), to streptomycin (11.5%), to neomycin and tetracycline, and (15%) to erythromycin. No resistance was found to gentamycin, monomycin, and chloroamphenicol. The majority (80.7%) of strains was multidrug-resistant. Ninety-two percent of all strains carried plasmid DNA of various sizes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Russia; Urban Population
PubMed: 25803299
DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0203 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Sep 2018Antibiotics and several other chemicals have been used to prevent fish diseases. However, this situation results in economic loss for the companies in the aquaculture...
AIMS
Antibiotics and several other chemicals have been used to prevent fish diseases. However, this situation results in economic loss for the companies in the aquaculture industry and most importantly it pollutes the environment. Cinnamic acid is a naturally occurring aromatic acid and is considered to be safe for human consumption. Therefore, in this study, the antibacterial activity of trans-cinnamic acid and commonly used antibiotics, namely chloramphenicol, vancomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin, were tested against 32 bacteria, including fish pathogens, nonpathogenic isolates and collection strains.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Trans-cinnamic acid was applied against the bacteria using the disc diffusion and microdilution method under in vitro conditions. Antibiotics were also tested under similar conditions against all tested bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The results show that among 32 bacterial strains trans-cinnamic acid exhibited potent inhibitory effect on the Gram-negative fish pathogen Aeromonas sobria. In addition, a moderate inhibition of trans-cinnamic acid of fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum, Vibrio crassostreae and Yersinia ruckeri was also observed for trans-cinnamic acid in our study. On the contrary, the majority of nonpathogenic intestinal isolates were resistant to trans-cinnamic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of trans-cinnamic acid on 24 of the studied bacteria isolated from fish. In conclusion, trans-cinnamic acid can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative additive to prevent and control primarily A. sobria, as well as other pathogenic bacteria such as A. salmonicida, V. anguillarum, V. crassostreae and Y. ruckeri.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study indicated that trans-cinnamic acid may present an environmentally friendly alternative therapeutic agent against A. sobria infections in the aquaculture industry.
PubMed: 30179290
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14097 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Mar 2017Antimicrobial peptides (brevinin1 HYba1 and brevinin1 HYba2) identified from the skin secretion of an endemic frog species of Western Ghats were studied against fish...
Antimicrobial peptides (brevinin1 HYba1 and brevinin1 HYba2) identified from the skin secretion of an endemic frog species of Western Ghats were studied against fish pathogens. Post-translational modifications such as c-terminal amidation and cyclization of the peptides were enhanced on the activity against Aeromonas sobria. Based on the Minimum inhibitory concentration (3 μM), cyclic amidated brevinin Hyba2 was identified as the most promising antimicrobial agent against A. sobria and can be developed further as a lead drug molecule.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Anura; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Skin
PubMed: 28153544
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.052 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Sep 2021King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) bite is well-known for its potentially fatal neurotoxicity. However, fatalities still occur, despite specific antivenom and respiratory...
King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) bite is well-known for its potentially fatal neurotoxicity. However, fatalities still occur, despite specific antivenom and respiratory support. Cardiovascular disturbances, which have attracted little attention in published reports of O. hannah envenoming, could contribute to fatality. We present two cases of confirmed O. hannah envenoming in Southern Vietnam in which there were cardiac abnormalities including arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes, as well as elevated markers of myocardial damage. Cardiac pacing was required. One patient developed critical multi-organ dysfunctions partly explained by extensive necrotizing fasciitis/myositis originating from an Aeromonas sobria wound infection. This resulted in rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute kidney injury. Specific antivenom reversed neurotoxic effects of envenoming. Additional therapeutic interventions included antibiotics, surgical debridement, continuous renal replacement therapy and therapeutic plasma exchange. Both patients eventually made full recoveries. Apart from the critical problem of rapidly evolving and severe neurotoxicity, our case reports also emphasises the risk of cardiotoxic envenoming, and the complications of an overwhelming secondary bacterial wound infection. We suggest a practical approach to diagnosis and management.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Elapid Venoms; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Ophiophagus hannah; Vietnam
PubMed: 34302855
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.07.007