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The Journal of Antimicrobial... Sep 2017To describe a novel plasmid-borne class D carbapenemase (CHDL) named OXA-427 identified in several Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates from nine patients in one Belgian...
OBJECTIVES
To describe a novel plasmid-borne class D carbapenemase (CHDL) named OXA-427 identified in several Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates from nine patients in one Belgian hospital.
METHODS
OXA-427-producing isolates were analysed by an electrochemical imipenem hydrolysis method (BYG Carba test), Carba NP test, conventional phenotypic assays and by molecular methods (PCR, whole sequencing of the OXA-427-encoding plasmid and cloning). The antimicrobial resistance profile of OXA-427 was analysed by expression of the cloned gene in Escherichia coli DH10B and J53.
RESULTS
Eleven OXA-427-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates of various species were identified from clinical specimens of nine patients between March 2012 and June 2014. OXA-427 shares only 22%-29% amino acid identity with OXA-48-like enzymes and other acquired CHDL (e.g. OXA-23, -24/40 and -58 of Acinetobacter spp.). Conversely, it appeared closely related to the chromosomal class D β-lactamase of Aeromonas media, Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria (99%, 89% and 77% of identity, respectively). When expressed in E. coli, OXA-427 hydrolysed imipenem and conferred resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (mostly ceftazidime), penicillins including temocillin, and reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. The blaOXA-427 gene was located in a 45 kb resistance island on a 177 kb IncA/C plasmid.
CONCLUSIONS
OXA-427 is a novel CHDL most closely related to chromosomal class D β-lactamase of A. media WS. It confers resistance to penicillins, ceftazidime and aztreonam and in some instances to carbapenems. OXA-427, which is not detectable by classical molecular tests, caused a protracted outbreak in one university hospital over a 2 year period.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Belgium; Carbapenems; Cloning, Molecular; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Hydrolysis; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 28859446
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx184 -
Secondary bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance among tungiasis patients in Western, Kenya.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Sep 2017Tungiasis or jigger infestation is a parasitic disease caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans. Secondary infection of the lesions caused by this flea is common...
Tungiasis or jigger infestation is a parasitic disease caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans. Secondary infection of the lesions caused by this flea is common in endemic communities. This study sought to shed light on the bacterial pathogens causing secondary infections in tungiasis lesions and their susceptibility profiles to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Participants were recruited with the help of Community Health Workers. Swabs were taken from lesions which showed signs of secondary infection. Identification of suspected bacteria colonies was done by colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test was used to determine the drug susceptibility profiles. Out of 37 participants, from whom swabs were collected, specimen were positive in 29 and 8 had no growth. From these, 10 different strains of bacteria were isolated. Two were Gram positive bacteria and they were, Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.3%). Eight were Gram negative namely Enterobacter cloacae (8.5%), Proteus species (8.5%), Klebsiellla species (6.4%), Aeromonas sobria (4.3%), Citrobacter species (4.3%), Proteus mirabillis(4.3%), Enterobacter amnigenus (2.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.1%). The methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated were also resistant to clindamycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, trimethorprim sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. All the Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and norfloxacin drugs. Results from this study confirms the presence of resistant bacteria in tungiasis lesions hence highlighting the significance of secondary infection of the lesions in endemic communties. This therefore suggests that antimicrobial susceptibility testing may be considered to guide in identification of appropriate antibiotics and treatment therapy among tungiasis patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Kenya; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Tungiasis; Young Adult
PubMed: 28886013
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005901 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2024Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and...
Pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of doxycycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intravascular, intramuscular and oral administrations.
OBJECTIVE
Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the PK and PK/PD targets of DO after 20 mg/kg intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (OR) gavage administration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
METHODS
Plasma samples were collected at specific time points and subsequently analysed by HPLC-ultraviolet. The PK/PD indices were calculated based on the MIC (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria) values obtained for the respective bacteria and the PK parameters obtained for DO following both IM and OR administration.
RESULTS
After IV administration, the elimination half-life (t ), area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC), apparent volume of distribution at steady-state and total body clearance of DO were 34.81 h, 723.82 h µg/mL, 1.24 L/kg and 0.03 L/kg/h, respectively. The t of the DO was found to be 37.39 and 39.78 h after IM, and OR administration, respectively. The bioavailability was calculated 57.02% and 32.29%, respectively, after IM and OR administration. The MIC of DO against A. hydrophila and A. sobria was 4 µg/mL. The PK/PD integration showed that DO (20 mg/kg dose) for A. hydrophila and A. sobria with MIC ≤4 µg/mL achieved target AUC/MIC value after IM administration.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that when rainbow trout was treated with 20 mg/kg IV and IM administered DO, therapeutically effective concentrations were reached in the control of infections caused by A. hydrophila and A. sobria.
Topics: Animals; Doxycycline; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Administration, Oral; Biological Availability
PubMed: 38520701
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1419 -
Microorganisms Jul 2019subsp. is a Gram-negative bacterium causing furunculosis, an opportunistic infection of farmed salmonid fish. Current treatment methods against furunculosis rely...
subsp. is a Gram-negative bacterium causing furunculosis, an opportunistic infection of farmed salmonid fish. Current treatment methods against furunculosis rely heavily on antibiotherapy. However, strains of this opportunistic fish pathogen were found to possess genes that confer resistance to major antibiotics including those used to cure furunculosis. Therefore, dispensing bacterial symbionts as probiotics to susceptible hosts appears to be a promising alternative. Here, we present the genomic characterization and in vivo safety assessment of two brook charr () bacterial symbionts that inhibited subsp. growth in vitro ( ML11A and TM18) as well as a commercialized probiotic, MA18/5M (Bactocell). The genomic sequences of ML11A and TM18 obtained by whole-genome shotgun sequencing lack key virulence factor genes found in related pathogenic strains. Their genomic sequences are also devoid of genes involved in the inactivation (or target modification of) several key antimicrobial compounds used in salmonid aquaculture. Finally, when administered daily to live brook charr fingerlings, ML11A, TM18 and Bactocell helped improve several physiological condition metrics such as mean body weight, Fulton's condition factor and blood plasma lysozyme activity (an indicator for innate immune activity).
PubMed: 31284626
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070193 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Oct 2018The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the MALDI-TOF MS to identify 151 isolates of Aeromonas obtained mostly from diseased fish. MALDI-TOF...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the MALDI-TOF MS to identify 151 isolates of Aeromonas obtained mostly from diseased fish. MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified all isolates to the genus level but important differences in the percentage of isolates correctly identified depending on the species were observed. Considering exclusively the first identification option, Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas sobria were the best identified with results >95%. However, considering the first and second identification options, the only species that showed values >90% was A. hydrophila. Overall, when the database was supplemented with 14 new spectra, the number of accurate identifications increased (41% vs. 55%) and the number of inconclusive identifications decreased (45% vs. 29%), but great differences in the success of species-level identifications were found. Species-distinctive mass peaks were identified only for A. hydrophila and A. bestiarum (5003 and 7360 m/z in 95.5% and 94.1% of their isolates, respectively). This work demonstrates the utility of MALDI-TOF MS for Aeromonas identification to the genus level, but there is no consistency for the accurate identification of some of the most prevalent species implicated in fish disease.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 30105821
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12837 -
Current Microbiology Apr 2021Candida famata has been associated with the identifiable Candida infections that takes place in human and the identification error of this species possibly will result...
Candida famata has been associated with the identifiable Candida infections that takes place in human and the identification error of this species possibly will result in misinterpretation of antifungal susceptibility and improper diagnosis; which will have a major effect on the prognosis and therapy of patients. Our objective is to correctly identify Candida spp. collected from patients at the intensive care units, New Cairo University teaching hospital in Cairo-Egypt using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Hundred clinically isolated yeast strains were identified using API 20C AUX obtained from patients receiving care at intensive care units. ATB FUNGUS 3 strips were used to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration. Thirty-three non duplicate strains identified as C. famata were subjected to re-identification by MALDI-TOF MS. Our results revealed that isolates were initially identified as C. famata 33%, C. tropicalis 15%, C. albicans 12% and C. parapsillosis 10% using the phenotypic techniques. MALDI-TOF MS analyses results showed that the 33 C. famata isolates are C. tropicalis (n = 29), Trichosporon asahii (n = 2), C. parapsilosis (n = 1), and Aeromonas sobria (n = 1). Antifungal resistance was low in the Candida species, except for reduced susceptibility to itraconazole among C. krusei strains. This report shows that misidentification of C. famata is frequent when using conventional phenotypic methods of identification which result in challenges in treating fungal infections. MALDI-TOF MS is an accurate convenient substitute to classical approaches for fungal identification. In general, antifungal multidrug resistance is uncommon in our studied Candida species and yeast isolates.
Topics: Aeromonas; Basidiomycota; Candida; Egypt; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 33687510
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02411-1 -
Skin Appendage Disorders Aug 2021Fish pedicures and/or fish manicures are treatments performed in spas involving the use of the living fish . In the last decade, the use of for cosmetic and therapeutic...
Fish pedicures and/or fish manicures are treatments performed in spas involving the use of the living fish . In the last decade, the use of for cosmetic and therapeutic reasons has become increasingly popular. The patients are placed into a bath to control psoriasis, eczema, or other skin conditions, but there is no scientific proof of their effectiveness. Most of the infections described in association with fish spas result from minor skin injury and contact with fish carrying such bacteria as , and Therefore, fish spas in general should not be recommended, particularly for diabetic patients, immunocompromised patients, or patients treated with biological agents.
PubMed: 34604330
DOI: 10.1159/000514853 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Dec 2023The study focuses on the isolation, characterization, and expression analysis of a lectin from the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The protein was isolated...
Characterization of a Lipopolysaccharide- and Beta-1,3-Glucan Binding Protein (LGBP) from the Hepatopancreas of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Possessing Lectin-Like Activity.
The study focuses on the isolation, characterization, and expression analysis of a lectin from the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The protein was isolated by affinity chromatography on a melibiose-agarose column. The molecular weight of the native protein was found to be ~120 kDa which consists of a single polypeptide of ~39.5 kDa. On mass spectrometric analysis, the protein was identified as lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP). LGBP showed hemagglutination with rabbit RBC like a lectin and its carbohydrate-binding specificity was determined by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The protein also showed antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio harveyi and Aeromonas sobria, and one Gram positive bacteria Bacillus cereus in the disc diffusion test. Rabbit antiserum was raised against the purified LGBP and used to develop a sandwich ELISA system for quantitation of the protein in hepatopancreas and serum samples of M. rosenbergii. The expression of the LGBP transcripts in muscle, hepatopancreas, and gill tissues from M. rosenbergii juveniles at 72 h post-challenge of V. harveyi was not modulated as noticed in qPCR analysis. However, significant increases in the concentrations of LGBP protein in hepatopancreas (5.23 ± 0.45 against 3.43 ± 0.43 mg/g tissue in control) and serum (1.08 ± 0.14 against 0.61 ± 0.08 µg/ml in control) were observed in the challenged group of prawns in ELISA suggesting its putative role against bacterial infections. The study for the first time characterized the native LGBP of M. rosenbergii showing a multifunctional role in immunity.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Palaemonidae; Lipopolysaccharides; Hepatopancreas; Lectins
PubMed: 36593373
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10021-x -
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Dec 2015To investigate the clinical features and outcome of patients with acute leukemia and Aeromonas sobria infection.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical features and outcome of patients with acute leukemia and Aeromonas sobria infection.
METHODS
The clinical data of two patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1994 to 2014 as well as patients reported in English literature (from PubMed and Medline databases) and Chinese literature (China Hospital Knowledge Database) during the same period were retrospectively analysed. Data were extracted and analyzed using Chi-square tests.
RESULTS
Totally 15 patients worldwide were available for analysis with a male-to-female ratio of 12:3 and an acute myeloid leukemia to acute lymphoblastic leukemia ratio of 10:5. The median age was 49.5 years (range:27-80 years). Most patients were neutropenic at the time of onset of fever,and the most common manifestation was lower limb infection (66.7%). Despite empirical antibiotics treatment,the mortality was still as high as 80%. Chi-square tests revealed that among the dead patients,the rates of lower limb infection (P<0.01) and septic shock (P=0.02) were significantly higher.
CONCLUSION
Aeromonas sobria infection is an uncommon but highly fatal condition that requires special attention in clinical settings.
Topics: Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Beijing; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26725395
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.2015.06.012 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2019In light of rampant childhood diarrhoea, this study investigated bacterial pathogens from human and non-human sources in an urban informal settlement. Meat from informal...
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of enteric bacterial pathogens in human and non-human sources in an urban informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa.
BACKGROUND
In light of rampant childhood diarrhoea, this study investigated bacterial pathogens from human and non-human sources in an urban informal settlement. Meat from informal abattoirs (n = 85), river water (n = 64), and diarrheic stool (n = 66) were collected between September 2015 and May 2016. A duplex real-time PCR, gel-based PCR, and CHROMagar™STEC were used to screen Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for diarrheic E. coli. Standard methods were used to screen for other selected food and waterborne bacterial pathogens.
RESULTS
Pathogens isolated from stool, meat, and surface water included Salmonella enterica (6, 5, 0%), Plesiomonas shigelloides (9, 0, 17%), Aeromonas sobria (3, 3, 0%), Campylobacter jejuni (5, 5, 0%), Shigella flexneri (17, 5, 0%), Vibrio vulnificus (0, 0, 9%), and diarrheic E. coli (21, 3, 7%) respectively. All the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a high burden of drug resistant diarrheal pathogens in the stool, surface water and meat from informal slaughter. Integrated control measures are needed to ensure food safety and to prevent the spread of drug resistant pathogens in similar settings.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Feces; Female; Food Microbiology; Humans; Infant; Male; Meat; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Rivers; South Africa; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urban Renewal
PubMed: 31694551
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1620-6