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Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022KPC-24, different from KPC-2 by a single amino acid alteration at codon 6 (R6P), was initially discovered in Klebsiella pneumoniae in Chile. Here, we reported...
KPC-24, different from KPC-2 by a single amino acid alteration at codon 6 (R6P), was initially discovered in Klebsiella pneumoniae in Chile. Here, we reported KPC-24-producing Aeromonas veronii isolates from hospital sewage in China. The was cloned and the MICs were tested against β-lactams antimicrobial agents. KPC-24 exhibited a β-lactam susceptibility profile similar to that of KPC-2. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis revealed that was located within a Tn-related region on an IncP-6 plasmid. Our study described a variant of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), KPC-24, from two A. veronii strains isolated from hospital sewage, in which antibiotics, biocides, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals may supply an appropriate condition for the evolution of carbapenemases. Some variants exhibited stronger hydrolysis activity to antibiotics and gave rise to a major public health concern. More seriously, species are prevalent in aquatic environments and, thus, may act as a suitable vector for antibiotics-resistance genes and foster the transmission of resistance. We should attach importance to surveying the evolution and transmission of antibiotics-resistance genes.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Hospitals; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Sewage; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35546572
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00555-22 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The raise of multi-drug resistant bacteria involving carbapenem, colistin, or tigecycline resistance constitutes a threat to public health, which partly results from the...
INTRODUCTION
The raise of multi-drug resistant bacteria involving carbapenem, colistin, or tigecycline resistance constitutes a threat to public health, which partly results from the transmission of corresponding mobile resistance genes, such as and for carbapenem, for colistin, and gene cluster for tigecycline. Herein, we described the emergence of an strain HD6454 co-harboring , , and gene cluster from hospital sewage.
METHODS
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to determine the genome sequence of HD6454, and the detailed genomic analysis of genetic elements or regions carrying key antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) from HD6454 were performed. Cloning experiment was conducted to confirm the function of key ARGs in mediating antimicrobial resistance. Conjugation experiment was conducted to determine the mobility of the plasmid.
RESULTS
The results showed that this strain belonged to a novel sequence type (ST) variant ST1016, and carried 18 important ARGs. Among them, the was carried by non-self-transmissible IncP-6 plasmid, while gene cluster and were carried by integrative and mobilizable element (IME) or IME-related region in chromosome. The , , and genes were further inferred to originate from IMEs of species. Additionally, for the first time, the was confirmed to confer low-level resistance to colistin under inducible expression, while gene cluster was confirmed to confer low-level resistance to tigecycline.
DISCUSSION
This is the first report of a strain co-harboring , , and gene cluster. Although the resistance and/or mobility of these ARGs are limited in this strain, the emergence of this multiple important ARGs-carrying strain deserves further attention.
PubMed: 37266015
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1115740 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Mobile genetic elements contribute to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria by enabling the horizontal transfer of acquired antibiotic resistance...
Mobile genetic elements contribute to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria by enabling the horizontal transfer of acquired antibiotic resistance among different bacterial species and genera. This study characterizes the genetic backbone of in spp. and Klebsiella spp. isolated from untreated hospital effluents. Plasmids ranging in size from 9 to 244 kb, sequenced using Illumina and Nanopore platforms, revealed representatives of plasmid incompatibility groups IncP6, IncQ1, IncL/M1, IncFII, and IncFII-FIA. Different GES enzymes (GES-1, GES-7, and GES-16) were located in novel class 1 integrons in spp. and GES-5 in previously reported class 1 integrons in Klebsiella spp. Furthermore, in Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, was found in tandem as a coding sequence that disrupted the 3' conserved segment (CS). In Klebsiella grimontii, was observed in two different plasmids, and one of them carried multiple IncF replicons. Three Aeromonas caviae isolates presented , one Aeromonas veronii isolate presented , and another A. veronii isolate presented . Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed novel sequence types for and Klebsiella species. The current findings highlight the large genetic diversity of these species, emphasizing their great adaptability to the environment. The results also indicate a public health risk because these antimicrobial-resistant genes have the potential to reach wastewater treatment plants and larger water bodies. Considering that they are major interfaces between humans and the environment, they could spread throughout the community to clinical settings. In the "One Health" approach, which encompasses human, animal, and environmental health, emerging issues of antimicrobial resistance are associated with hospital effluents that contain clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria along with a wide range of antibiotic concentrations, and lack regulatory status for mandatory prior and effective treatment. genes have been reported in aquatic environments despite the low detection of these genes among clinical isolates within the studied hospitals. Carbapenemase enzymes, which are relatively unusual globally, such as GES type inserted into new integrons on plasmids, are worrisome. Notably, K. grimontii, a newly identified species, carried two plasmids with , and K. quasipneumoniae carried two copies of at the same plasmid. These kinds of plasmids are primarily responsible for multidrug resistance among bacteria in both clinical and natural environments, and they harbor resistant genes against antibiotics of key importance in clinical therapy, possibly leading to a public health problem of large proportion.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genetic Variation; Hospitals; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35880869
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02469-21 -
Journal of Water and Health Jun 2022Carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas species are an emerging health threat. This study aimed to determine carbapenemase-mediated resistance among Aeromonas isolates from...
Carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas species are an emerging health threat. This study aimed to determine carbapenemase-mediated resistance among Aeromonas isolates from the Akaki river, Ethiopia during the dry and wet seasons in 2019-2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility to carbapenems and cephalosporins was determined and carbapenemase production was confirmed. Of 163 isolates, the majority were human pathogens Aeromonas caviae (62), Aeromonas hydrophila (33) and Aeromonas veronii (49). These isolates were resistant to carbapenem and cephalosporin antibiotics, with the highest resistance to cefotaxime 86 (59.7%), ertapenem 71 (49.3%) and imipenem 65 (45.1%). Resistance to carbapenem antibiotics varied between species, where most A. veronii 37 (75.5%) and A. hydrophila 28 (84.8%) were resistant to imipenem and all A. caviae were sensitive. A. veronii, A. caviae and A. hydrophila resistance to meropenem was 31 (63.3%), 3 (4.8%) and 19 (57.6%), respectively. Of isolates resistant to carbapenem, 82.1% A. hydrophila and 94.4% A. veronii were carbapenemase producers. Cephalosporin resistance also varied among the different species. The highest resistance to carbapenem antibiotics was in isolates collected during the wet season (p<0.05); however, it was not consistent across all classes of antibiotics tested. The rivers in megacities could be reservoirs of carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas spp.
Topics: Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Carbapenems; Ethiopia; Humans; Imipenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rivers; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35768966
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.307 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be based on the One Health approach, involving human health, animal health, and the environment. In Ghana,...
BACKGROUND
Efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be based on the One Health approach, involving human health, animal health, and the environment. In Ghana, previous studies on AMR have given little attention to animal source food, a major route of transmission of antibiotic-resistant zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in meat sold in Accra.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study in which 270 meat samples (90 each of beef, goat meat, and chicken) were collected, and investigated for contamination with multidrug-resistant bacteria. The bacteria were subjected to susceptibility testing against amikacin (30 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), amoxicillin-clavulanate (20/10 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefepime (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 µg), ertapenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), imipenem (10 µg), tigecycline (15 µg), and gentamicin (10 µg).
RESULTS
Thirty-two different types of bacteria, totalling 558, were isolated, the predominant being (44.6%), (19.9%), (3.4%), (3.2%), and (3.1%). The prevalence of MDR among the contaminating bacteria was 14.9%. The MDR distribution among the predominant bacteria was (18.7%), (11.1%), and (0.0% each), and (5.6%). Moreover, 2.0% of the contaminating bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, all of which occurred in the chicken samples, and their distribution was: (1.3%), , spp., , and (0.2% each).
CONCLUSIONS
The meat samples were heavily contaminated with and , and less frequently, with , , and other organisms. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria was moderate (14.9%), while that of ESBL producers was low (2%).
PubMed: 36558851
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121517 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022is as an important opportunist pathogen of many aquatic animals, which is wildly distributed in various aquatic environments. In this study, a dominant bacterium GJL1...
is as an important opportunist pathogen of many aquatic animals, which is wildly distributed in various aquatic environments. In this study, a dominant bacterium GJL1 isolated from diseased was identified as according to the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as molecular identification. Detection of the virulence genes showed the isolate GJL1 carried outer membrane protein A (), flagellin (, , ), aerolysin (), cytolytic enterotoxin (), DNases (), and hemolysin (), and the isolate GJL1 also produced caseinase, lipase, gelatinase, and hemolysin. The virulence of strain GJL1 was confirmed by experimental infection; the median lethal dosage (LD) of the GJL1 for largemouth bass was 3.6 × 10 CFU/mL, and histopathological analysis revealed that the isolate could cause obvious inflammatory responses in Additionally, the immune-related gene expression in was evaluated, and the results showed that , , , , and were significantly upregulated after infection. Our results indicated that was an etiological agent causing the mass mortality of , which contributes to understanding the immune response of against infection.
PubMed: 36363790
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112198 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Jun 2024Although the genus Aeromonas inhabits the natural environment, it has also been isolated from hospital patient specimens as a causative agent of Aeromonas infections....
Rapid discrimination methods for clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria using the N-terminal sequence of the flaA gene and investigation of antimicrobial resistance.
Although the genus Aeromonas inhabits the natural environment, it has also been isolated from hospital patient specimens as a causative agent of Aeromonas infections. However, it is not known whether clinical strains live in the natural environment, and if these strains have acquired antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we performed the typing of flagellin A gene (flaA) of clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay with newly designed primers. Detection rates of the clinical and environmental flaA types of A. hydrophila were 66.7% and 88.2%, and the corresponding rates for A. veronii biovar sobria were 66.7% and 90.9%. The PCR assays could significantly discriminate between clinical and environmental strains of both species in approximately 4 h. Also, among the 63 clinical Aeromonas strains used, only one extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria, no plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance bacteria, and only four multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected. Therefore, the PCR assays could be useful for the rapid diagnosis of these Aeromonas infections and the monitoring of clinical strain invasion into water-related facilities and environments. Also, the frequency of drug-resistant Aeromonas in clinical isolates from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, appeared to be low.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Humans; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Flagellin; Aeromonas veronii; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Environmental Microbiology
PubMed: 38830808
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae052 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2020Aeromonas are bacteria widely distributed in the environment, and some species are able to cause infections in humans, of which diarrhea is the most common. The...
Aeromonas are bacteria widely distributed in the environment, and some species are able to cause infections in humans, of which diarrhea is the most common. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance associated characteristics in A. veronii biovar sobria strain 312M isolated from diarrheal stools. For this, the genome sequencing and phenotypical tests were performed. The draft genome annotation revealed several complete pathways associated with carbon metabolism and a mucin-desulfating sulfatase which may contribute to intestine colonization, and a large number of virulence-associated genes encoding structures associated with adhesion, toxins, and secretion systems. The strain exhibited swimming and swarming motility, biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity. It was resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Although a cphA gene encoding a narrow-spectrum carbapenase was identified in the strain genome, no carbapenemase activity was detected in the antimicrobial susceptibility test. When compared with other A. veronii with complete genomes, the main differences in virulence characteristics are related to lateral flagella and type III and VI secretion systems; the antimicrobial resistance spectrum also varied among strains. The results indicated that A. veronii biovar sobria 312M presents high virulence potential and resistance to limited classes of antimicrobials.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Feces; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31707718
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00180-5 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology May 2023Aeromonas veronii is a human and animal co-pathogenic bacterium that could have a significant negative impact on both human health and aquaculture. In this study, a...
Aeromonas veronii is a human and animal co-pathogenic bacterium that could have a significant negative impact on both human health and aquaculture. In this study, a mutant strain of A. veronii with deletion of the hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) gene was constructed (Δhcp-AV). Compared with the wild strain, Δhcp-AV showed significantly reduced growth capacity and biofilm formation ability. Motility tests showed that the hcp gene had no significant effect on the swimming and swarming ability. In addition, the pathogenicity was also reduced. To evaluate the efficacy of Δhcp-AV as a live attenuated vaccine for prevention of Aeromonas veronii infection, we compared the immune response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) after immunization with 500 μL of 1.47 × 10 CFU/mL of Δhcp-AV and 4 × 10 CFU/mL of inactivated A. veronii. Obvious increases of serum immune related enzyme activity were observed in immunization groups. Expression levels of immune-related genes in Δhcp-AV group were up-regulated, and higher than those in inactivated A. veronii group. After challenging with live A. veronii, the relative percent survival (RPS) was 100% in Δhcp- AV group, whereas the RPS was 76.67% in inactivated A. veronii group. Our data suggest that the live attenuated vaccine Δhcp- AV could elicit a stronger immune response and provide a higher RPS than inactivated A. veronii. These data suggest that hcp gene is an important virulence factor of A. veronii, and the live attenuated vaccine Δhcp-AV is safe and effective for prevention A. veronii infection in M. salmoides farming.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas veronii; Bacterial Vaccines; Bass; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Immunization; Mutation; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 36944414
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108694 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Mar 2019species are uncommon pathogens in biliary sepsis and cause substantial mortality in patients with impaired hepatobiliary function. Asia has the highest incidence of...
BACKGROUND
species are uncommon pathogens in biliary sepsis and cause substantial mortality in patients with impaired hepatobiliary function. Asia has the highest incidence of infection from , whereas cases in the west are rare.
CASE SUMMARY
We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with advanced pancreatic cancer and jaundice who manifested fever, abdominal pain, severe thrombocytopenia, anemia and kidney failure following the insertion of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Blood culture results revealed the presence of (). After antibiotic therapy and transfusions, the life-threatening clinical conditions of the patient improved and she was discharged.
CONCLUSION
This was a rare case of infection, probably the first to be reported in West countries, caused by following biliary drainage. A finding of must alert clinician to the possibility of severe sepsis.
PubMed: 30968041
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i6.759