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Gastroenterology Dec 2023Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota.
METHODS
CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or in Apc mice treated with or without PZH (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by means of intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by means of metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free mice or antibiotic-treated mice were used as models of microbiota depletion.
RESULTS
PZH inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in Apc mice in a dose-dependent manner. PZH treatment altered the gut microbiota profile, with an increased abundance of probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Peptoniphilus harei were depleted. In addition, PZH increased beneficial metabolites taurine and hypotaurine, bile acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, and significantly restored gut barrier function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PZH inhibited PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokine-chemokine signaling. Notably, the chemopreventive effect of PZH involved both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation from PZH-treated mice to germ-free mice partly recapitulated the chemopreventive effects of PZH. PZH components ginsenoside-F2 and ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on CRC cells and primary organoids, and PZH also inhibited tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated germ-free mice.
CONCLUSIONS
PZH manipulated gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improved gut barrier function, and suppressed oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing colorectal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Apoptosis; Medicine, Traditional; Colorectal Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Azoxymethane
PubMed: 37704113
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.052 -
Microorganisms Jan 2020The genus belongs to the family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in... (Review)
Review
The genus belongs to the family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like and or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: (37.26%), (23.49%), (21.54%), and (13.07%). Since aeromonads were first associated with human disease, gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections have dominated. The literature shows that the pathogenic potential of is considered multifactorial and the presence of several virulence factors allows these bacteria to adhere, invade, and destroy the host cells, overcoming the immune host response. Based on current information about the ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the genus , we should assume that the infections these bacteria produce will remain a great health problem in the future. The ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria and the increasing elderly population, to whom these bacteria are an opportunistic pathogen, will facilitate this problem. In addition, using data from outbreak studies, it has been recognized that in cases of diarrhea, the infective dose of is relatively low. These poorly known bacteria should therefore be considered similarly as enteropathogens like and .
PubMed: 31963469
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010129 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The genus comprises more than 30 Gram-negative bacterial species and naturally inhabitants from aquatic environments. These microorganisms, commonly regarded as... (Review)
Review
The genus comprises more than 30 Gram-negative bacterial species and naturally inhabitants from aquatic environments. These microorganisms, commonly regarded as pathogens of fish and several other animals, have been gaining prominence on medical trial due to its ability to colonize and infect human beings. Besides water, are widely spreaded on most varied sources like soil, vegetables, and food; Although its opportunistic nature, they are able to cause infections on immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients. species regarded as potential human pathogens are usually , , and biovar . The main clinical manifestations are gastrointestinal tract disorders, wound, and soft tissue infections, as well as septicemia. Regarding to antibiotic responses, the bacteria present a diversified susceptibility profile and show inherence resistance to ampicillin. , as an ascending genus in microbiology, has been carefully studied aiming comprehension and development of methods for detection and medical intervention of infectious processes, not fully elucidated in medicine. This review focuses on current clinical knowledge related to human health disorders caused by to contribute on development of efficient approaches able to recognize and impair the pathological processes.
PubMed: 35711774
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868890 -
Genomics Jan 2021The present study was intended to elucidate the genomic basis of antibiotic resistance and hyper-virulence of the fish pathogen Aeromonas veronii XhG1.2 characterized in...
The present study was intended to elucidate the genomic basis of antibiotic resistance and hyper-virulence of the fish pathogen Aeromonas veronii XhG1.2 characterized in our previous work. The identity of XhG1.2 was confirmed through 16S rDNA sequence analysis and whole genome sequence analysis. The top-hit species distribution analysis of XhG1.2 sequence data revealed major hits against the Aeromonas veronii. The identification of virulence genes using the VFDB showed the genome of XhG1.2 to have the genes coding for the virulence factors viz. aerolysin, RtxA, T2SS, T3SS and T6SS. The presence of antibiotic resistance predicted through the CARD database analysis showed it to have the CephA3, OXA-12, adeF and pulvomycin resistance genes. By the phylogenetic and comparative genomic analysis, A. veronii species were found to have genes for toxin production. This also confirmed the pathogenicity and drug resistance of A. veronii XhG1.2 and also its potential to cause disease in diverse ornamental fishes.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cyprinodontiformes; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fish Diseases; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33144215
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.034 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The area around Poyang Lake is the main aquaculture area in Jiangxi Province, China, and an important base for the supply of freshwater aquatic products. Aquaculture in...
The area around Poyang Lake is the main aquaculture area in Jiangxi Province, China, and an important base for the supply of freshwater aquatic products. Aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area is severely threatened by diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, and has been the main pathogen in recent years. In this paper, ERIC-PCR genotyping, virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance gene detection, and drug susceptibility tests were carried out on 46 isolates obtained from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the strains in the Poyang Lake area had high genetic diversity, and 46 strains produced 36 ERIC genotypes. There were no geographical and temporal differences in the cluster analysis results and no dominant clones. All 13 virulence genes tested were detected, and all isolates had harbored 2 or more virulence genes, with a maximum of 12 virulence genes detected. Among the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes selected, 15 were detected; 97.8% of the isolates contained 2 or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with a maximum of 9 antimicrobial resistance genes. Drug susceptibility tests showed that some strains were resistant to a variety of traditionally effective drugs for such as enrofloxacin and florfenicol. This study provides a reference for exploring the impact of aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area on public health.
PubMed: 36578578
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042007 -
Microorganisms May 2023is widespread in aquatic environments and is capable of infecting various aquatic organisms. infection is lethal for Chinese soft-shelled turtles (, CSST). We isolated...
is widespread in aquatic environments and is capable of infecting various aquatic organisms. infection is lethal for Chinese soft-shelled turtles (, CSST). We isolated a gram-negative bacterium from the liver of diseased CSSTs, which was named XC-1908. This isolate was identified as based on its morphological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. was pathogenic for CSSTs with an LD of 4.17 × 10 CFU/g. The symptoms of CSSTs artificially infected with isolate XC-1908 were consistent with those of the naturally infected CSSTs. The levels of total protein, albumin, and white globule in the serum samples of the diseased turtles were decreased, whereas those of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were elevated. Moreover, the diseased CSSTs exhibited the following histopathological changes: the liver contained numerous melanomacrophage centers, renal glomerulus were edematous, intestinal villi were shed, and in oocytes, the number of vacuoles increased and red-rounded particles were observed. Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that the bacterium was sensitive to ceftriaxone, doxycycline, florfenicol, cefradine, and gentamicin, and resistant to sulfanilamide, carbenicillin, benzathine, clindamycin, erythromycin, and streptomycin. This study provides control strategies to prevent outbreaks of infection in CSSTs.
PubMed: 37317278
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051304 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Mar 2019species are uncommon pathogens in biliary sepsis and cause substantial mortality in patients with impaired hepatobiliary function. Asia has the highest incidence of...
BACKGROUND
species are uncommon pathogens in biliary sepsis and cause substantial mortality in patients with impaired hepatobiliary function. Asia has the highest incidence of infection from , whereas cases in the west are rare.
CASE SUMMARY
We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with advanced pancreatic cancer and jaundice who manifested fever, abdominal pain, severe thrombocytopenia, anemia and kidney failure following the insertion of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Blood culture results revealed the presence of (). After antibiotic therapy and transfusions, the life-threatening clinical conditions of the patient improved and she was discharged.
CONCLUSION
This was a rare case of infection, probably the first to be reported in West countries, caused by following biliary drainage. A finding of must alert clinician to the possibility of severe sepsis.
PubMed: 30968041
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i6.759 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022is as an important opportunist pathogen of many aquatic animals, which is wildly distributed in various aquatic environments. In this study, a dominant bacterium GJL1...
is as an important opportunist pathogen of many aquatic animals, which is wildly distributed in various aquatic environments. In this study, a dominant bacterium GJL1 isolated from diseased was identified as according to the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as molecular identification. Detection of the virulence genes showed the isolate GJL1 carried outer membrane protein A (), flagellin (, , ), aerolysin (), cytolytic enterotoxin (), DNases (), and hemolysin (), and the isolate GJL1 also produced caseinase, lipase, gelatinase, and hemolysin. The virulence of strain GJL1 was confirmed by experimental infection; the median lethal dosage (LD) of the GJL1 for largemouth bass was 3.6 × 10 CFU/mL, and histopathological analysis revealed that the isolate could cause obvious inflammatory responses in Additionally, the immune-related gene expression in was evaluated, and the results showed that , , , , and were significantly upregulated after infection. Our results indicated that was an etiological agent causing the mass mortality of , which contributes to understanding the immune response of against infection.
PubMed: 36363790
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112198 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Jan 2023Aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in surface water, sewage, untreated and chlorinated, drinking water, as well as meats, fish, shellfish, poultry, and their... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in surface water, sewage, untreated and chlorinated, drinking water, as well as meats, fish, shellfish, poultry, and their products. A disease caused by Aeromonas spp. is designated as aeromoniasis. It can affect different aquatic animals, mammals, and birds in different geographic regions. Moreover, gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal disease conditions may be provoked in humans as a result of food poising with Aeromonas spp. Some Aeromonas spp. have been identified, however, Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), A. caviae, and A. veronii bv sobria may be of public health significance. Aeromonas spp. are members of family Aeromonadaceae and genus Aeromonas. They are Gram-negative rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, and oxidase and catalase-positive bacteria. The pathogenicity of Aeromonas in different hosts is mediated by several virulence factors such as endotoxins, cytotoxic enterotoxin, cytotoxins, hemolysins, adhesins, and extracellular enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, ADP-ribosyltransferases, and DNases. Most avian species are susceptible to either natural or experimental infections with Aeromonas spp. Infection usually arises through feacal-oral route. Traveler's diarrhea as well as other systemic and local infections are the clinical picture of food poisoning associated with aeromoniasis in humans. Despite Aeromonas spp. being sensitive to various antimicrobials, multiple drug resistance has been commonly reported worldwide. Accordingly, this review highlights aeromoniasis in poultry regarding Aeromonas virulence factors epidemiology, pathogenicity, zoonosis, and antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diarrhea; Poultry; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Travel; Bacterial Infections; Aeromonas; Virulence Factors; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Mammals
PubMed: 36795920
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17186 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Nov 2023Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened from (red sea bass), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated against two species isolated from the , namely, (AV)...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened from (red sea bass), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated against two species isolated from the , namely, (AV) and (AJ). Three LAB isolates, MU8 (EF_8), MU2 (EFL_2), and MU9 (EFL_9), were found to inhibit both AV and AJ; however, their cell-free supernatant (CFS) did not do so. Interestingly, bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) induced by cocultures of EF_8 with AV exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against both sp. The size of BLS was less than 1.0 kDa; the purified BLS were susceptible to proteinase K digestion, indicating that they are peptides. BLS contained 13 identified peptides derived from as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cocultures of Gram-positive-producing and -inducing LAB strains have been used to increase bacteriocin yields. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing inducible BLS produced by cocultures of Gram-positive-producing and Gram-negative-inducing strains.
Topics: Enterococcus faecium; Bacteriocins; Aeromonas veronii; Coculture Techniques; Aeromonas; Peptides; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37779478
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04019