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Journal of Affective Disorders Mar 2024Depression is a significant, pervasive, global public health problem, associated with many factors, such as diet, social factors, and lifestyle habits. We aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Depression is a significant, pervasive, global public health problem, associated with many factors, such as diet, social factors, and lifestyle habits. We aimed to evaluate the association between eating breakfast, dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression, and to verify the mediating role of DII on the effect of eating breakfast on depression.
METHODS
21,865 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 were included in this study. Binary logistic regression and mediated effect analysis were conducted to analyze the associations between eating breakfast, DII and depression. Dietary inflammation was divided into pro-inflammatory diet and anti-inflammatory diet according to the DII.
RESULTS
Both pro-inflammatory diet and skipping breakfast were risk factors for depression. After adjusting for covariables, compared with participants reporting breakfast in both recalls, reporting breakfast in one recall had a higher OR 95%CI (1.54(1.20, 1.98)) of depression. These associations in stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes were robust. DII mediated the association between eating breakfast and depression, the proportion of participants who reported breakfast in one recall and no recall was 26.15 % and 26.67 %, respectively.
LIMITATIONS
This was a cross-sectional study that couldn't argue for the cause-effect relationship. Moreover, the confounding factor regarding medication use was not accounted for due to limited data.
CONCLUSIONS
Skipping breakfast may increase the risk of depression by raising DII. And our study supported the essential role of regular breakfast and the anti-inflammatory diet in reducing the risk of depression.
Topics: Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Depression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Breakfast; Diet; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38070746
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.015 -
Nutrients Apr 2021Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions....
Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions. Therefore, we investigated associations between school-related meal patterns and weight status in 1215 schoolchildren. Anthropometry was performed on-site in schools. Children reported their meal habits, and parents provided family-related information via questionnaires. Associations between nutritional behavior and weight status were estimated using hierarchical linear and logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, socio-economic status, school type, migration background, and parental weight status. Having breakfast was associated with a lower BMI-SDS ( = -0.51, = 0.004) and a lower risk of being overweight (ORj = 0.30, = 0.009), while having two breakfasts resulting in stronger associations (BMI-SDS: = -0.66, < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 0.22, = 0.001). Likewise, children who regularly skipped breakfast on school days showed stronger associations (BMI-SDS: = 0.49, < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 3.29, < 0.001) than children who skipped breakfast only occasionally (BMI-SDS: = 0.43, < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 2.72, = 0.032). The associations persisted after controlling for parental SES and weight status. Therefore, our data confirm the school setting as a suitable starting point for community-based interventions and may underline the necessity of national programs providing free breakfast and lunch to children.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Child; Diet Surveys; Diet, Healthy; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Services; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors; School Health Services; Schools; Social Class; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33919560
DOI: 10.3390/nu13041351 -
Clinical Physiology and Functional... May 2019Hemodynamics is subject to change after eating meals, which may be related to various postprandial physical statuses such as hypotension or daytime sleepiness. Previous... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Hemodynamics is subject to change after eating meals, which may be related to various postprandial physical statuses such as hypotension or daytime sleepiness. Previous studies have shown that blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) increases after meals, but conflicting results have been reported regarding blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA). In those studies, the fasting interval before the meal was not taken into account. For example, eating breakfast shortly before lunch may affect hemodynamics in these vessels. The present study therefore investigated hemodynamics in the CCA and SMA after lunch, comparing cases with and without breakfast. Subjects comprised 24 healthy young adults (mean age, 22 ± 1 years). Duplex Doppler sonography was performed to measure blood flow values for calculating flow volume (FV) before and after lunch until 3 h postprandially, on each day with breakfast and without breakfast, respectively, in every subject. Net FV after lunch did not differ between cases with and without breakfast, either in the SMA or in the CCA. Blood FV in the SMA was significantly increased after eating lunch regardless of whether breakfast was eaten (P<0·05 each). However, FV in the CCA was significantly decreased until 1 h after lunch compared with the preprandial state in cases without breakfast (P<0·05), but not in cases with breakfast. In conclusion, a sudden decrease in FV in the CCA from the preprandial state is seen after lunch when breakfast is skipped.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Breakfast; Carotid Artery, Common; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Lunch; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Postprandial Period; Regional Blood Flow; Splanchnic Circulation; Time Factors; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; Young Adult
PubMed: 30515951
DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12556 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... 2019More than 20% of pregnant Japanese women regularly skip breakfast, thereby resulting in a low intake of several nutrients that are required for fetal development and...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
More than 20% of pregnant Japanese women regularly skip breakfast, thereby resulting in a low intake of several nutrients that are required for fetal development and prevention of pregnancy complications. However, whether skipping breakfast affects circulating levels of these nutrients remains unclear. We investigated whether skipping breakfast during pregnancy was associated with decreases in dietary intake and circulating and urinary levels of several nutrients, including fatty acids and vitamins.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, between June and October 2010. Nutrient intakes were assessed using a validated diet history questionnaire. Blood and 24-hour urinary samples were collected for assessing circulating and urinary excretion levels of nutrients. Skipping breakfast was defined as forgoing breakfast including a staple food, such as rice or bread, two or more times per week. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to compare nutrient levels between breakfast skippers and non-skippers after adjusting for confounders.
RESULTS
Of 97 healthy pregnant women in the second trimester, 37 (38.1%) skipped breakfast two or more times per week. In multiple linear regression analysis, breakfast skippers had significant lower energy-adjusted intakes of protein than non-skippers (p=0.019). In addition, breakfast skippers had significantly lower levels of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (p=0.008), plasma docosahexaenoic acid (p=0.027), serum β- carotene (p=0.013), urinary urea nitrogen (p=0.027), and urinary potassium (p=0.006), compared to non-skippers.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthcare professionals need to suggest effective strategies for encouraging breakfast skippers to have breakfast regularly and to increase the intake of these nutrients.
Topics: Adult; Breakfast; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eating; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Nutrients; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Status; Pregnancy
PubMed: 30896420
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.201903_28(1).0014 -
Nutrients Mar 2021It has been suggested that intake of polar lipids may beneficially modulate various metabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
It has been suggested that intake of polar lipids may beneficially modulate various metabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat polar lipids on postprandial and second meal glycemic regulation, blood lipids, gastrointestinal hormones, and subjective appetite-related variables in healthy humans. In a randomized design, twenty healthy subjects ingested four liquid cereal-based test beverages (42 g of available carbohydrates) containing: i. 30 g of oat oil with a low concentration (4%) of polar lipids (PLL), ii. 30 g of oat oil containing a high concentration (40%) of polar lipids (PLH), iii. 30 g of rapeseed oil (RSO), and iv. no added lipids (NL). The products were served as breakfast meals followed by a standardized lunch. Test variables were measured at fasting and during 3 h after breakfast and two additional hours following a standardized lunch. PLH reduced glucose and insulin responses after breakfast (0-120 min) compared to RSO, and after lunch (210-330 min) compared to RSO and PLL ( < 0.05). Compared to RSO, PLH resulted in increased concentrations of the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY after the standardized lunch ( < 0.05). The results suggest that oat polar lipids have potential nutraceutical properties by modulating acute and second meal postprandial metabolic responses.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Avena; Biomarkers; Breakfast; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glycemic Index; Humans; Lipids; Lunch; Male; Postprandial Period; Single-Blind Method
PubMed: 33803802
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030988 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Oct 2022Although regular breakfast consumption is associated with various health benefits, many adolescents skip this meal, particularly those with shorter sleep durations. In...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Although regular breakfast consumption is associated with various health benefits, many adolescents skip this meal, particularly those with shorter sleep durations. In order to better understand the association between sleep duration and breakfast consumption among youth, we analyzed the association between weekday morning tiredness and daily breakfast consumption in adolescents, and explored the mediating role of morning tiredness in the association between sleep duration and daily breakfast consumption on weekdays.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
The "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" survey conducted in 2018 in French-speaking Belgian schools provided data (n = 8444 11-20-year-old adolescents) on bed- and wake-up times, and on the frequency of breakfast consumption and morning tiredness on weekdays. Multivariable logistic regressions and mediation analyses assessed the association, on weekdays, of morning tiredness (≥4 school mornings a week vs. less) and sleep duration (hours), with daily breakfast consumption, and the mediating role of morning tiredness.
RESULTS
Feeling tired ≥4 school mornings a week was associated with lower odds of daily breakfast consumption on weekdays (aOR = 0.77 (95% CI 0.69-0.86)). In turn, on weekdays, sleep duration was positively associated with daily breakfast consumption (aOR = 1.29 (95% CI 1.23-1.36)), even after adjustment for morning tiredness (aOR = 1.28 (95% CI 1.21-1.35)). Morning tiredness only explained 4.9% of the association between sleep duration and daily breakfast consumption.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that in adolescents, sleep duration and morning tiredness are independent correlates of daily breakfast consumption on weekdays.
Topics: Adolescent; Breakfast; Caffeine; Child; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Schools; Sleep; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35332297
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01117-2 -
The Journal of Nutrition Jan 2023High amylose starchy foods modulate the postprandial metabolic response in humans. However, the mechanisms of their metabolic benefits and their impact on the subsequent... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
High amylose starchy foods modulate the postprandial metabolic response in humans. However, the mechanisms of their metabolic benefits and their impact on the subsequent meal have not been fully elucidated.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate whether glucose and insulin responses to a standard lunch are influenced by the consumption of amylose-rich bread at breakfast in overweight adults and whether changes in plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations contribute to their metabolic effects.
METHODS
Using a randomized crossover design, 11 men and 9 women, BMI 30 ± 3 kg/m, 48 ± 19 y, consumed at breakfast 2 breads made with high amylose flour (HAF): 85%-HAF (180 g) and 75%-HAF (170 g), and control bread (120 g) containing 100% conventional flour. Plasma samples were collected at fasting, 4 h after breakfast, and 2 h after a standard lunch to measure glucose, insulin, and SCFA concentrations. ANOVA posthoc analyses were used for comparisons.
RESULTS
Postprandial plasma glucose responses were 27% and 39% lower after breakfasts with 85%- and 70%-HAF breads than control bread (P = 0.026 and P = 0.003, respectively), with no difference after lunch. Insulin responses were not different between the 3 breakfasts, whereas there was a 28% lower response after the lunch following breakfast with 85%-HAF bread than the control (P = 0.049). Propionate concentrations increased from fasting by 9% and 12% 6 h after breakfasts with 85%- and 70%-HAF breads and decreased by 11% with control bread (P < 0.05). At 6 h after breakfast with 70%-HAF bread, plasma propionate and insulin were inversely correlated (r = -0.566; P = 0.044).
CONCLUSIONS
Amylose-rich bread reduces the postprandial glucose response after breakfast and insulin concentrations after the subsequent lunch in overweight adults. This second meal effect may be mediated by the elevation of plasma propionate due to intestinal fermentation of resistant starch. High amylose products could be a promising tool in a dietary prevention strategy for type 2 diabetes.
THIS TRIAL WAS REGISTERED AT CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY AS
NCT03899974 (https://www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov/ct2/show/NCT03899974).
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Amylose; Blood Glucose; Bread; Breakfast; Cross-Over Studies; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, Human; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Propionates; Triticum
PubMed: 36913446
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.007 -
Appetite Jan 2021Breakfast is commonly described as the most important meal of the day; however, we have little information regarding its relevance for childhood overweight and obesity...
BACKGROUND
Breakfast is commonly described as the most important meal of the day; however, we have little information regarding its relevance for childhood overweight and obesity in southern mainland China. This study aimed to assess the association between breakfast preferences, consumption location and overweight and obesity for children in Shenzhen.
METHODS
Among 6126 children (median age 7.2 years) at primary schools, 3504 were finally included after a questionnaire survey and physical examination. Ten commonly consumed foods/beverages for breakfast in southern China were exposure variables, and consumption location, total energy demographic and other dietary characteristics were covariates in logistic regression to determine the effect of breakfast preferences on overweight and obesity, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Probability of overweight/general obesity was inversely associated with children eating plain congee for breakfast (adjusted OR 0.689, 95% CI 0.566-0.838), restricted to boys after stratification. Probability of overweight/general obesity and central obesity was positively associated with usually eating steamed rice roll for breakfast (OR 1.309, 95% CI 1.090-1.571 and OR 1.351, 95% CI 1.064-1.717, respectively), but the effect on overweight/obesity remained statistically significant for only boys after stratification. Eating steamed rice roll for breakfast and eating out for breakfast had an additive interaction on overweight/obesity. Additionally, eating bread for breakfast had a mild favorable effect on overweight/obesity but only for girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Keeping a healthy weight might benefit children who eat plain congee or bread for breakfast in China. However, frequent consumption of steamed rice roll for breakfast and especially eating out could contribute to overweight and obesity. Thus, we need to promote a healthier breakfast pattern among children in southern China to reduce the odds of obesity.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Overweight
PubMed: 32890588
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104851 -
Pediatrics International : Official... Jun 2020Sleep shortage has been pervasive among pupils.
BACKGROUND
Sleep shortage has been pervasive among pupils.
METHODS
Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze 2,722 questionnaires obtained from grade 5 to 12 pupils, to determine factors associated with sleep duration.
RESULTS
Significant regression formulae for sleep duration were obtained for all school types: adjusted R / P value were 0.14/<0.001 for elementary school; 0.11/<0.001 for junior high school; 0.06/<0.001 for high school. Longer after-school activities (standardized regression coefficient/ P value were -0.22/<0.001 for elementary school; -0.10/<0.01 for junior high school; -0.18/<0.001 for high school) and more sleepiness (-0.09/<0.001 for elementary school; -0.07/<0.05 for junior high school; -0.07/<0.05 for high school) were significantly associated with reduced sleep duration for all school types. In both elementary and junior high schools, the higher grade (-0.53/<0.001 for elementary school; -0.10/<0.01 for junior high school), and longer weekday screen time (-0.15/<0.001 for elementary school; -0.19/<0.001 for junior high school) were also significantly associated with sleep loss. In elementary school, irregular dinner (-0.07/<0.05), breakfast skipping (-0.11/<0.001), longer weekend screen time (-0.09/<0.05) and better self-reported academic performance (0.07/<0.05) also revealed significant associations with sleep loss. In high school, reduction of sleep duration was also significantly associated with higher standardized body mass index (-0.08/<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Excessive after-school activity might be considered in association with pupils' sleep reduction.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Child; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Meals; Risk Factors; Schools; Screen Time; Sex Factors; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors
PubMed: 32012386
DOI: 10.1111/ped.14178 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Jul 2019Bin Naharudin, MN, Yusof, A, Shaw, H, Stockton, M, Clayton, DJ, and James, LJ. Breakfast omission reduces subsequent resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Bin Naharudin, MN, Yusof, A, Shaw, H, Stockton, M, Clayton, DJ, and James, LJ. Breakfast omission reduces subsequent resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1766-1772, 2019-Although much research has examined the influence of morning carbohydrate intake (i.e., breakfast) on endurance performance, little is known about its effects on performance in resistance-type exercise. Sixteen resistance-trained men (age 23 ± 4 years, body mass 77.56 ± 7.13 kg, and height 1.75 ± 0.04 m) who regularly (≥3 day/wk) consumed breakfast completed this study. After assessment of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and familiarization process, subjects completed 2 randomized trials. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed either a typical breakfast meal (containing 1.5 g of carbohydrate/kg; breakfast consumption [BC]) or a water-only breakfast (breakfast omission [BO]). Two hours later, subjects performed 4 sets to failure of back squat and bench press at 90% of their 10RM. Sensations of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were collected before, as well as immediately, 1 hour and 2 hours after BC/BO using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Total repetitions completed were lower during BO for both back squat (BO: 58 ± 11 repetitions; BC: 68 ± 14 repetitions; effect size [ES] = 0.98; p < 0.001) and bench press (BO: 38 ± 5 repetitions; BC: 40 ± 5 repetitions; ES = 1.06; p < 0.001). Fullness was greater, whereas hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were lower after a meal for BC compared with BO (p < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that omission of a pre-exercise breakfast might impair resistance exercise performance in habitual breakfast consumers. Therefore, consumption of a high-carbohydrate meal before resistance exercise might be a prudent strategy to help maximize performance.
Topics: Adult; Athletic Performance; Breakfast; Dietary Carbohydrates; Energy Intake; Humans; Hunger; Male; Prospective Studies; Resistance Training; Young Adult
PubMed: 30707135
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003054