-
Food Chemistry Aug 2019The sample extraction process is considered as the essential step in the pesticide residue analysis, as it provides the base for the detection of the pesticides in trace... (Review)
Review
The sample extraction process is considered as the essential step in the pesticide residue analysis, as it provides the base for the detection of the pesticides in trace level. Various factors need to be optimized during the extraction of pesticides due to the complexity of the matrix which is time-consuming and tedious. Therefore, the use of experimental design in the optimization process proves to be effective with minimum experiments and cost. This paper is aimed to overview the experimental designs that are frequently used for screening (full factorial, fractional factorial, Plackett-Burman Design) and optimizing (central composite design, Box-Behnken design, Taguchi design, Doehlert design, D-optimal design) the most influential factors to provide a sequential understanding of the linear and complex interactions in the pesticide extraction methods. Further, a systematic approach has been discussed about the use of experimental designs in pesticide extraction and also the softwares used for application-oriented readers.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Research Design; Software
PubMed: 30955627
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.045 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2014
Topics: Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 24834897
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.012 -
Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017This mini-review article provides an overview on the use of magnetic materials for the analysis of protein biomarkers. In particular, the advantage provided by magnetic... (Review)
Review
This mini-review article provides an overview on the use of magnetic materials for the analysis of protein biomarkers. In particular, the advantage provided by magnetic solid phase extraction will be discussed with selected examples, considering untargeted analysis for screening new biomarker proteins and targeted investigation on known and suggested new biomarkers. Aspects, such as enrichment efficiency over conventional techniques, ease of use, functionalization versatility and automation will be considered, together with quantification and deeper structure elucidation provided by coupling selective or specific enrichment to powerful characterization techniques, such as mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Glycoproteins; Humans; Magnetics; Peptides; Phosphoproteins; Proteins; Proteomics; Solid Phase Extraction
PubMed: 27494392
DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160805121905 -
Health Physics Oct 2020
Topics: Air Pollutants, Radioactive; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Radioactive Fallout
PubMed: 32881741
DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001340 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024The impact of air pollution is one of the hotspots attracting continuous scholarly attention, but the comprehensive statistical and visual analysis reviews are few.... (Review)
Review
The impact of air pollution is one of the hotspots attracting continuous scholarly attention, but the comprehensive statistical and visual analysis reviews are few. Employing the method of bibliometric analysis, this paper took the relevant literature from 1996 to April 2022 on the Web of Science as the research object. Through the methods of keyword co-occurrence analysis and burst analysis, the spatiotemporal evolution trend, cooperation network, outstanding scholars, knowledge base, and research focus of air pollution impact research are visually presented. Via constructing a common word matrix of high-frequency words, clustering analysis is used to aggregate high-frequency keywords into 24 clusters. By the strategic coordinate analysis method, the relationships within and between clusters were revealed. The main findings include (1) research on the impact of air pollution mainly focusing on human health; (2) the six keywords with the highest centrality are California, hydrocarbons, dioxide, generation, Asia, and diesel; (3) these 11 clusters may be developed into future research hotspots: particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, mortality, ozone, pollution, air quality, asthma, children, epidemiology, aerosols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and (4) seven topics are research hot: daily mortality, long-term exposure, coronary heart disease, concentration, North China plain, traffic-related air pollution, and air pollution.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Air Pollution; Humans; Air Pollutants
PubMed: 37452246
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28468-y -
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology Oct 2021Alberta has over 70% of total irrigated land in Canada and 13 irrigation districts are mainly located along the rivers in southern Alberta. The runoff and irrigation...
Alberta has over 70% of total irrigated land in Canada and 13 irrigation districts are mainly located along the rivers in southern Alberta. The runoff and irrigation return flow can carry excess nutrients, pesticides, and sediments, which adversely affect the river water quality. In the present study, the comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of land use pattern and stream water quality in southern Alberta was conducted. The water quality monitoring on the South Saskatchewan River watershed within Alberta showed that most water quality indicators did not significantly change between 2003 and 2017. Land use maps demonstrated significant urban expansion and cropland decline in the study area from 2005 to 2015, while the irrigation area increased. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that cropland, built-up land, and native grassland were three land use types that were positively correlated with water quality indicators. Stronger correlations between nitrogen concentration and built-up land were found in dry seasons compared with wet seasons. According to the results of cluster analysis, higher water quality indicator concentrations could be observed in groups with a higher proportion of cropland and built-up land. Significant relationships between land use patterns and water quality were found in this study, which demonstrated that further investigation is needed to identify the sources of water pollutants at a smaller scale.
Topics: Alberta; Environmental Monitoring; Nitrogen; Rivers; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Quality
PubMed: 34214919
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103852 -
Food Chemistry Sep 2022The transformations that may suffer directly brined table olive fat during processing were studied using cracked Aloreña de Málaga olive as a model. The classical...
The transformations that may suffer directly brined table olive fat during processing were studied using cracked Aloreña de Málaga olive as a model. The classical studies showed that storage increased acidity and K, but not peroxide value, K and ΔK. FA profiles, nutritional fat subclasses, and TAGs suffered several significant changes along processing, although some could be spurious. Compositional data (CoDa) analysis identified C18:2n-6 and C18:1c, and their corresponding TAGs as the most affected compounds, conclusion that was particularly evident after weighted CoDa log-ratio analysis (LRA). Thus, CoDa analysis is a promising alternative statistical tool to study table olive FA, TAG profiles and fats in general. Most of the quality parameters' values and FA and TAG concentrations were compatible with Virgin Olive Oil (VOO), showing that the fat quality and nutritional characteristics of natural green olives in brine could be comparable to that of VOO.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Olea; Olive Oil; Salts; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35489265
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133079 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... May 2021NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis has proven to be a rapid and cost-effective screening tool for the detection of syrup-adulterated honey. Processing...
Application of ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis to quantify and characterise effects of age, temperature, syrup adulteration and irradiation on near-infrared (NIR) spectral data of honey.
NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis has proven to be a rapid and cost-effective screening tool for the detection of syrup-adulterated honey. Processing and storage conditions which alter the chemical and physical state of honey may affect the spectra. The effects of age, storage temperature, syrup adulteration (10 and 20% w/w) and irradiation treatment on the NIR spectra of honey were investigated as a function of time with ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), an experimental design-focused exploratory data analysis method. The factors 'time', 'temperature' and 'adulteration' were found to have significant effects (p < 0.05), but no significant effect was observed for irradiation treatment. A significant interaction effect was found between factors 'time' and 'adulteration', with the greatest disparity between authentic and adulterated class signals found immediately after adulteration and decreasing within three months thereafter.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Food Contamination; Honey; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Temperature
PubMed: 33677373
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119546 -
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the... Dec 2022Platinum group metals (PGMs) present a variety of forms in the environment, and analysis of speciation is essential for identifying their ecological risk. Here, we... (Review)
Review
Platinum group metals (PGMs) present a variety of forms in the environment, and analysis of speciation is essential for identifying their ecological risk. Here, we reviewed the methods for the morphological analysis of three major PGMs (platinum, palladium and rhodium) in the environment, including chemical sequential extraction, hyphenated techniques for instruments, computer simulations. We outlined the types, characteristics and applications of these methods, elaborated the weaknesses, and provided prospects for future development. Among them, chemical sequential extraction is universally applied in the morphological analysis of solid-phase samples, with diverse extraction conditions and procedures proposed in the current study. However, it has not been well standardized. The hyphenated techniques for instruments have significant advantages for the determination of elemental forms in solution, of which capillary electrophoresis system can separate similar substances with the same electrophoresis ability. Liquid chromatography systems have better performance in terms of separation capacity and detection limit. The computer simulations further expand the access to morphological analysis, enabling complex morphological calculations. It was proposed to combine multiple methods in the future to continuously improve the accuracy of analytical techniques by complementing and optimizing each other.
Topics: Platinum; Palladium; Rhodium
PubMed: 36601853
DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202212.032 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2024Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain fungi. Exposure to mycotoxins may occur through the consumption of contaminated foods or from animals that... (Review)
Review
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain fungi. Exposure to mycotoxins may occur through the consumption of contaminated foods or from animals that are fed contaminated feed. To safeguard the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) utilizes a comprehensive mycotoxin program which samples and analyzes foods for surveillance and compliance purposes, including enforcing action levels. Mycotoxin analysis is at the center of the mycotoxin program, as concentration data are needed for data analysis, scientific assessments, and risk management. This review focuses on the Agency's continuous efforts to develop and incorporate fit-for-purpose analytical tools for mycotoxin analysis with particular focus on the relationship between analytical methodologies and scientific assessments. The discussion further highlights challenges and advancements in analytical methods and discusses future possibilities to develop analytical tools and preventative risk management approaches to meet the evolving regulatory needs.
Topics: Animals; Mycotoxins; Food Contamination; Fungi; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38578227
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01746