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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2021A range of gastroprotective drugs are available for the treatment of esophagitis and gastroduodenal mucosal injury including acid suppressants (ie, histamine-2 receptor... (Review)
Review
A range of gastroprotective drugs are available for the treatment of esophagitis and gastroduodenal mucosal injury including acid suppressants (ie, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors), coating agents, prostaglandin analogs, and antacids. Of these, the proton pump inhibitors are the most effective drugs for the medical treatment of upper gastrointestinal injury. However, proton pump inhibitors are not effective for all causes of upper gastrointestinal injury. The choice of gastroprotective drug should be guided by the cause and location of gastrointestinal injury and the potential for adverse effects.
Topics: Animals; Antacids; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 33131917
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.09.001 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Feb 2019Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops when reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. The prevalence of... (Review)
Review
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops when reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. The prevalence of GERD is increasing worldwide and in Asia-Pacific. The latest Korean guidelines for GERD were published in 2012, and several international guidelines and consensus statements for the management of GERD have also been recently published. Here, we review these guidelines and consensus statements in order to provide a better understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of GERD.
Topics: Antacids; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Proton Pump Inhibitors
PubMed: 30845382
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.73.2.70 -
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology :... Oct 2019The Indian Society of Gastroenterology developed this evidence-based practice guideline for management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults. A modified...
The Indian Society of Gastroenterology developed this evidence-based practice guideline for management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults. A modified Delphi process was used to develop this consensus containing 58 statements, which were generated by electronic voting iteration as well as face-to-face meeting and review of the supporting literature primarily from India. These statements include 10 on epidemiology, 8 on clinical presentation, 10 on investigations, 23 on treatment (including medical, endoscopic, and surgical modalities), and 7 on complications of GERD. When the proportion of those who voted either to accept completely or with minor reservation was 80% or higher, the statement was regarded as accepted. The prevalence of GERD in India ranges from 7.6% to 30%, being < 10% in most population studies, and higher in cohort studies. The dietary factors associated with GERD include use of spices and non-vegetarian food. Helicobacter pylori is thought to have a negative relation with GERD; H. pylori negative patients have higher grade of symptoms of GERD and esophagitis. Less than 10% of GERD patients in India have erosive esophagitis. In patients with occasional or mild symptoms, antacids and histamine H receptor blockers (H2RAs) may be used, and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) should be used in patients with frequent or severe symptoms. Prokinetics have limited proven role in management of GERD.
Topics: Adult; Antacids; Consensus; Diet; Esophagitis; Female; Gastroenterology; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; India; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 31802441
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-019-00979-y -
Nutrients Jan 2020Chronic functional constipation is a frequent condition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri DSM 17938 and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Chronic functional constipation is a frequent condition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri DSM 17938 and magnesium oxide (MgO) for relieving chronic functional constipation in children.
STUDY DESIGN
A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and parallel-group trial was conducted in five pediatric outpatient clinics in Japan. Sixty patients who were more than six months old and under six years of age with a diagnosis of functional constipation according to Rome IV criteria were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 20) received L. reuteri DSM 17938 and lactose hydrate as a placebo of MgO; group B (n = 19) received L. reuteri DSM 17938 and MgO; and group C (n = 21) received a placebo of L. reuteri DSM 17938 and MgO.
RESULTS
All three groups exhibited significant improvement in defecation frequency in the fourth week compared with the baseline condition (group A: p < 0.05; group B: p < 0.05; group C: p < 0.05). The MgO group and combination group showed a significant decrease in stool consistency, but the L. reuteri DSM 17938 group did not (group A: p = 0.079; group B: p < 0.05; group C: p < 0.05). MgO significantly suppressed the presence of the genus Dialister. Defecation frequency negatively correlated with the frequency of Clostridiales-belonging bacteria among the gut microbiome.
CONCLUSIONS
L. rueteri DSM 17938 and MgO were both effective in the management of functional constipation in young children. MgO caused an imbalance in the gastrointestinal microbiome, which was not the case in the probiotic group.
Topics: Antacids; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Constipation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Magnesium Oxide; Male; Probiotics
PubMed: 31952280
DOI: 10.3390/nu12010225 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2022Keloids are pathological scars extending beyond the initial wound's natural borders. The condition occurs as a result of impaired wound healing with excessive collagen... (Review)
Review
Keloids are pathological scars extending beyond the initial wound's natural borders. The condition occurs as a result of impaired wound healing with excessive collagen deposition. Keloid scars frequently recur, rarely regress, and have a tendency to grow over time. They are aesthetically disfiguring and can be devastating for patients, both physically and emotionally. This review finds that prevention and early intervention are essential for good results. Treatment is often challenging. There are no standardized management guidelines currently available but a combinational therapeutic approach appears to be beneficial.
Topics: Antacids; Collagen; Humans; Keloid; Penicillins; Recurrence
PubMed: 35781362
DOI: No ID Found -
Profiles of Drug Substances,... 2016Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3 formed by three main elements: carbon, oxygen, and calcium. It is a common substance found in rocks in... (Review)
Review
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3 formed by three main elements: carbon, oxygen, and calcium. It is a common substance found in rocks in all parts of the world (most notably as limestone), and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, coal balls, pearls, and eggshells. CaCO3 exists in different polymorphs, each with specific stability that depends on a diversity of variables.
Topics: Animals; Antacids; Calcium Carbonate; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Humans
PubMed: 26940168
DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.11.003 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Sep 2015Heartburn is a common complaint during pregnancy; the incidence is reported to be between 17% and 45%. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Heartburn is a common complaint during pregnancy; the incidence is reported to be between 17% and 45%.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic overview and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of interventions to prevent or treat heartburn in pregnancy? We searched Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to December 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).
RESULTS
At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 80 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 59 records were screened for inclusion in the review. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 58 studies and the further review of one full publication. The full article evaluated did not meet our reporting criteria, and thus no new evidence was added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for two PICO combinations.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for six interventions, based on information about the effectiveness and safety of acid-suppressing drugs, antacids with or without alginates, raising the head of the bed, reducing caffeine intake, reducing intake of fatty foods, and reducing the size and frequency of meals.
Topics: Antacids; Beds; Diet; Female; Heartburn; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 26348641
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic,... 2020: Cutaneous exposure to aluminum may occur via contact with metal items, medications, and personal care products. Despite the widespread use of aluminum, allergic... (Review)
Review
: Cutaneous exposure to aluminum may occur via contact with metal items, medications, and personal care products. Despite the widespread use of aluminum, allergic contact dermatitis is relatively rare. Sensitization is often incidentally identified during patch testing with aluminum-based chambers. This article presents several cases along with a literature review summarizing prevalence and clinical manifestations of cutaneous reactions to aluminum, recommendations for patch testing, sources of aluminum, and reproducibility of aluminum allergy over time.
Topics: Aluminum; Antacids; Antiperspirants; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Desensitization, Immunologic; Humans; Tattooing; Toothpastes; Vaccines
PubMed: 33186331
DOI: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000633 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2018The increase in the prevalence of obesity is paralleled by an increase in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and several mechanisms link GERD and obesity, so... (Review)
Review
The increase in the prevalence of obesity is paralleled by an increase in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and several mechanisms link GERD and obesity, so weight loss is a cornerstone in the treatment of GERD. Sustained weight loss often requires surgery, and fundoplication is the first surgical choice among normal weight patients with reflux; however, reflux complications increase with increasing BMI. Therefore, patients with obesity and GERD should be treated with gastric bypass surgery. The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between overweight and GERD and outline treatment options of this disease.
Topics: Alginates; Antacids; Bariatric Surgery; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Life Style; Overweight; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Weight Loss
PubMed: 29804565
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Perinatology Mar 2019Multicenter groups have reported reductions in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among preterm infants over the past 2 decades. These large-scale... (Review)
Review
Multicenter groups have reported reductions in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among preterm infants over the past 2 decades. These large-scale prevalence studies have coincided with reports from multicenter consortia and single centers of modifications in practice using quality-improvement techniques aimed at either reducing NEC risk specifically or reducing risk of mortality and multiple morbidities associated with extreme prematurity. The modifications in practice have been based on mechanistic studies, epidemiologic association data, and clinical trials. Recent reports from centers modifying practice to reduce NEC are reviewed and select modified/modifiable practices discussed.
Topics: Antacids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Transfusion; Colostrum; Enteral Nutrition; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Milk, Human; Probiotics; Quality Improvement; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30771814
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.10.007