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Revista Chilena de Pediatria Aug 2020Lung auscultation is an essential part of the physical examination for diagnosing respiratory diseases. The terminology standardization for lung sounds, in addition to... (Review)
Review
Lung auscultation is an essential part of the physical examination for diagnosing respiratory diseases. The terminology standardization for lung sounds, in addition to advances in their analysis through new technologies, have improved the use of this technique. However, traditional auscultation has been questioned due to the limited concordance among health professionals. Despite the revolu tionary use of new diagnostic tools of imaging and lung function tests allowing diagnostic accuracy in respiratory diseases, no technology can replace lung auscultation to guide the diagnostic process. Lung auscultation allows identifying those patients who may benefit from a specific test. Moreover, this technique can be performed many times to make clinical decisions, and often with no need for- complicated and sometimes unavailable tests. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of lung auscultation and its efficacy based on the current respiratory sound terminology. In addition, it describes the main evidence on respiratory sound concordance studies among health professionals and its objective analysis through new technology.
Topics: Adolescent; Auscultation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Decision-Making; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Observer Variation; Pediatrics; Respiratory Sounds; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 33399725
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.v91i4.1465 -
Home Healthcare NowRespiratory illnesses often require acute care admissions and are a leading cause of death globally, thus creating a financial burden for healthcare systems. Home... (Review)
Review
Respiratory illnesses often require acute care admissions and are a leading cause of death globally, thus creating a financial burden for healthcare systems. Home healthcare clinicians can significantly reduce morbidity and hospital readmissions by becoming proficient at respiratory assessment. This article aims to assist homecare clinicians in performing a respiratory assessment in a logical and structured approach, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. This article reviews the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and describes subjective and objective respiratory assessment. It is anticipated that becoming adept at these skills will enable home healthcare clinician to assess and identify those patients at risk for deterioration and readmission.
Topics: Humans; Physical Examination; Auscultation; Percussion; Palpation; Hospitalization; Patient Readmission
PubMed: 37417569
DOI: 10.1097/NHH.0000000000001184 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Sep 2023Many healthy children may be found to have a murmur on physical exam. Whether this murmur is discovered at a routine health maintenance visit or as a result of a focused... (Review)
Review
Many healthy children may be found to have a murmur on physical exam. Whether this murmur is discovered at a routine health maintenance visit or as a result of a focused exam on a child with illness, it is just one finding and must be considered in the context of the child's history and other physical exam findings. Murmurs associated with heart defect or dysfunction occur most often in infancy. Most murmurs discovered in children, especially after infancy, between ages 3 to 6 and in young-adulthood, are innocent or benign murmurs and less likely a symptom of cardiac dysfunction or defect.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adult; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Heart Diseases; Physical Examination
PubMed: 37536793
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2023.05.013 -
American Journal of Human Biology : the... Jan 2018Human biologists have been examining arterial blood pressure since they began studying the effects of the environment and culture on the health of diverse populations.... (Review)
Review
Human biologists have been examining arterial blood pressure since they began studying the effects of the environment and culture on the health of diverse populations. The Korotkoff auscultatory technique with a trained observer and aneroid sphygmomanometer is the method of choice for blood pressure measurement in many bioanthropological field contexts. Korotkoff sounds (the first and fifth phases) are the preferred determinants of systolic and diastolic pressure, even in infants, children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Training of observers, positioning of individuals, and selection of cuff size are all essential for obtaining standardized measurements. Automatic electronic devices are increasingly being used for blood pressure measurement in human biological studies. The automatic monitors often use the oscillometric method for measuring pressure, but must be validated before use. The emergence of automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitors has opened another avenue of research on blood pressure in human biology, where allostasis and circadian responses to environmental change and real life behavioral challenges can be defined and evaluated, largely because there is now the ability to make multiple measurements over time and in varying contexts. Stand-alone automatic monitors can also be substituted for manual auscultated readings in field contexts, although in studies where participants measure their own pressure, education about how the devices work and protocol specifics are necessary. Finally, computer-driven plethysmographic devices that measure pressure in the finger are available to evaluate short-term reactivity to specific challenges.
Topics: Arterial Pressure; Auscultation; Blood Pressure Determination; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Humans; Oscillometry
PubMed: 28940503
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23063 -
Revue Medicale de Liege May 2023Cardiac erethism is a state of hyperexcitability of the heart. It results in hyperpulsatility, which is characterized by an ample pulse, an accentuation of heart sounds...
Cardiac erethism is a state of hyperexcitability of the heart. It results in hyperpulsatility, which is characterized by an ample pulse, an accentuation of heart sounds on auscultation, and an exaggeration of heart movements on echocardiography. While it can be very troublesome, cardiac erethism has no pathological significance. However, care must be taken to exclude any underlying cardiac or extracardiac pathology before confirming the diagnosis. No treatment is usually considered except to reassure the patient and avoid contributing factors. Beta-blockers are effective and should be prescribed on a case-by-case basis.
Topics: Humans; Heart; Echocardiography; Auscultation
PubMed: 37350212
DOI: No ID Found -
Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... Aug 2017Accidental murmurs occur in anatomically and physiologically normal heart. Accidental (innocent) murmurs have their own clearly defined clinical characteristics... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Accidental murmurs occur in anatomically and physiologically normal heart. Accidental (innocent) murmurs have their own clearly defined clinical characteristics (asymptomatic, they require minimal follow-up care).
AIM
To point out the significance of auscultation of the heart in the differentiation of heart murmurs and show clinical characteristics of accidental heart murmurs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Article presents review of literature which deals with the issue of accidental heart murmurs in the pediatric cardiology.
RESULTS
In the group of accidental murmurs we include classic vibratory parasternal-precordial Stills murmur, pulmonary ejection murmur, the systolic murmur of pulmonary flow in neonates, venous hum, carotid bruit, Potaine murmur, benign cephalic murmur and mammary souffle.
CONCLUSION
Accidental heart murmurs are revealed by auscultation in over 50% of children and youth, with a peak occurrence between 3-6 years or 8-12 years of life. Reducing the frequency of murmurs in the later period can be related to poor conduction of the murmur, although the disappearance of murmur in principle is not expected. It is the most common reason of cardiac treatment of the child, and is a common cause of unreasonable concern of parents.
Topics: Asymptomatic Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Heart Sounds; Humans
PubMed: 28974851
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2017.71.284-287 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin May 2018
Review
Topics: Auscultation; Exercise Test; Humans; Music; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Sports
PubMed: 29754350
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-018-0523-z -
JAMA Cardiology Jul 2022
Topics: Auscultation; Humans; Stethoscopes
PubMed: 35475987
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0656 -
JAMA Cardiology Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure Determination; Auscultation
PubMed: 36416804
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.4243 -
Internal Medicine Journal Dec 2022Previous research suggested cardiac auscultation is underdeveloped in physicians-in-training. Developing proficiency requires wide exposure to signs, practice and...
Previous research suggested cardiac auscultation is underdeveloped in physicians-in-training. Developing proficiency requires wide exposure to signs, practice and feedback, which may not regularly occur in clinical environments. Our novel pilot study using a mixed-methods approach (n = 9) suggests chatbot-mediated learning of cardiac auscultation is accessible and possesses unique advantages, including immediate feedback, helping in the management of cognitive overload and facilitating deliberate practice.
Topics: Humans; Heart Auscultation; Pilot Projects; Clinical Competence; Educational Measurement
PubMed: 37133367
DOI: 10.1111/imj.15971