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Progres En Urologie : Journal de... Mar 2020Genital self-mutilation is a rare phenomenon that often occurs on a psychotic ground. Its diagnosis is clinical and its management involves a coordinated action of...
INTRODUCTION
Genital self-mutilation is a rare phenomenon that often occurs on a psychotic ground. Its diagnosis is clinical and its management involves a coordinated action of urologists and psychiatrists.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
We report a retrospective monocentric series of 14 cases of genital self-mutilation (penis and testicles), collected from January 2000 to May 2019. In addition to psychiatric care and according to the type of lesions, we performed implantations of penis, cutaneous urethrostomies, hemostatic ligature of spermatic cord, ablation of rings. The implantations of the penis were done without microscope or magnifying glass and on the basis only of an end-to-end anastomosis of the erectile bodies and the urethra. Sexual abstinence was indicated for 6weeks.
RESULTS
The average age of our patients was 31.5years. We have identified ten cases of penis section including two incomplete, two cases of strangulation of penis by a metal ring, an isolated wound of the glans and three cases of testicular ablation, two of which were associated with a section of penis. We performed as first line: 5 penis reimplantation, 5 cutaneous urethrostomy, 2 ablation of strangulation rings and 3 hemostatic ligature of the spermatic cord. Three reimplanted patients had fairly satisfactory immediate operating suites: 2 patients healed well with good penile sensitivities, while one patient presented with a loss of penile skin sensitivity. The other two patients, on the other hand, presented on D1 a necrosis of the reimplanted stump, requiring an amputation and cutaneous urethrostomy. Also, necrosis of the strangulated penis was observed in one case and also required a second operating time with an amputation of the necrotic penis and a cutaneous urethrostomy. One patient died on D7 by autolysis. From a distance, the sexual and urinary function of reimplanted patients could not be assessed because they were lost to follow-up. Only a few patients who received a skin urethrostomy were seen at follow-up consultations. And with an average follow-up of 3years, no functional urinary disorder was found in them.
CONCLUSION
The management of genital self-harm requires coordination between urologist and psychiatrist. With our conditions the results are mixed and penile reimplantation should ideally be done under a microscope with an experienced surgeon. However, it can be attempted as long as possible, with the possibility of making an urethrostomy in the second time in case of failure. The pillar of care for these patients, however, lies in a good psychiatric balance because they are not immune to recurrence or autolysis.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.
Topics: Adult; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penis; Replantation; Retrospective Studies; Self Mutilation; Testis; Urethra; Urologic Surgical Procedures; Young Adult
PubMed: 32127311
DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.01.002 -
Molecules and Cells Nov 2022The field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has expanded tremendously over the last decade. The role of cell-to-cell communication in neighboring or distant cells has been... (Review)
Review
The field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has expanded tremendously over the last decade. The role of cell-to-cell communication in neighboring or distant cells has been increasingly ascribed to EVs generated by various cells. Initially, EVs were thought to a means of cellular debris or disposal system of unwanted cellular materials that provided an alternative to autolysis in lysosomes. Intercellular exchange of information has been considered to be achieved by well-known systems such as hormones, cytokines, and nervous networks. However, most research in this field has searched for and found evidence to support paracrine or endocrine roles of EV, which inevitably leads to a new concept that EVs are synthesized to achieve their paracrine or endocrine purposes. Here, we attempted to verify the endocrine role of EV production and their contents, such as RNAs and bioactive proteins, from the regulation of biogenesis, secretion, and action mechanisms while discussing the current technical limitations. It will also be important to discuss how blood EV concentrations are regulated as if EVs are humoral endocrine machinery.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Cell Communication
PubMed: 36380729
DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0110 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of... (Review)
Review
In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of natural regeneration of the environment is exceeded. Residual yeast, the second by-product of brewing is considered to have an important chemical composition. An approach with nutritional potential refers to the extraction of bioactive compounds from the yeast cell wall, such as β-glucans. Concerning the potential food applications with better textural characteristics, spent brewer's yeast glucan has high emulsion stability and water-holding capacity fitting best as a fat replacer in different food matrices. Few studies demonstrate the importance and nutritional role of β-glucans from brewer's yeast, and even less for spent brewer's yeast, due to additional steps in the extraction process. This review focuses on describing the process of obtaining insoluble β-glucans (particulate) from spent brewer's yeast and provides an insight into how a by-product from brewing can be converted to potential food applications.
Topics: Autolysis; Bread; Cell Nucleus; Cell Wall; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Elastic Modulus; Food Industry; Food Safety; Food Technology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Organic Chemicals; Polysaccharides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Solubility; Stress, Mechanical; Temperature; Wastewater; Yogurt; beta-Glucans
PubMed: 33467670
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020825 -
International Journal of Medical... Jan 2019Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and of high incidence in low-income countries that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). M. tuberculosis...
Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and of high incidence in low-income countries that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). M. tuberculosis can form biofilms in vitro and in vivo, and the cells in the biofilm can survive at high concentrations of antibiotics. CwlM is a peptidoglycan hydrolase (amidase) and can hydrolyze bacterial cell walls, and the effects of CwlM on autolysis and biofilms is worthy of in-depth study. In this study, we successfully constructed an in vitro biofilm model of M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis). Reverse transcription followed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that the expression of cwlM in M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis was significantly up-regulated during the middle stage of biofilm formation. Treatment with recombinant CwlM enhanced the autolytic ability of M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis and reduced the formation of their biofilms. As M. smegmatis is a model bacterium of M. tuberculosis, we built the M. smegmatis cwlM-deletion strain MSΔ6935, whose autolytic ability, biofilm production, and eDNA and eRNA content were determined to be lower than those of its parental strain. In conclusion, the cwlM gene plays a key regulatory role in biofilm formation in M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis. This study provided a theoretical basis for using peptidoglycan hydrolase as a target for the inhibition of biofilms.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriolysis; Base Sequence; Biofilms; Cell Wall; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Deletion; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 30563740
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.12.002 -
Biomaterials Science May 2021Inspired by the autolysis of shaggy mane, we developed a self-degradable hydrogel as a medical adhesive for skin wounds. The rapid gelation and self-degradation of the...
Inspired by the autolysis of shaggy mane, we developed a self-degradable hydrogel as a medical adhesive for skin wounds. The rapid gelation and self-degradation of the hydrogel were achieved via the Michael addition and subsequent hydrolysis of the addition product. In vivo experiments further showed that the hydrogel adhesive was efficiently applied for skin wound repair.
Topics: Adhesives; Coprinus; Hydrogels; Skin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33949458
DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00420d -
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 2023Synaptogenesis is the final phase of axonal pathfinding. Its sequences of spatial and temporal development in the immature nervous system are precisely timed and... (Review)
Review
Synaptogenesis is the final phase of axonal pathfinding. Its sequences of spatial and temporal development in the immature nervous system are precisely timed and consistent. Synaptophysin, a principal structural glycoprotein of synaptic vesicle membranes regardless of the chemical transmitter substance within, is a reliable means of demonstrating sequences of synaptogenesis in human fetal brain tissue at autopsy and is resistant to postmortem autolysis. Furthermore, synaptophysin molecules are demonstrated during axoplasmic flow before being assembled into membranes in immature axons and also mature axons of neurons with a high metabolic rate. In brain malformations these sequences often are altered both in distribution of synapses and in timing, often delayed but sometimes precocious, with postnatal clinical manifestations such as epilepsy and cognitive development.
PubMed: 36816854
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1105183 -
Food Chemistry Feb 2020This research aimed to explore the role of protein S-nitrosylation in regulating the tenderness of postmortem beef, from the perspective of μ-calpain autolysis and...
This research aimed to explore the role of protein S-nitrosylation in regulating the tenderness of postmortem beef, from the perspective of μ-calpain autolysis and protein proteolysis. Five bovine semimembranosus muscles were incubated with three treatments including S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, nitric oxide donor), normal saline and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). The results showed that the level of protein S-nitrosylation was improved by GSNO treatment and reduced by L-NAME treatment (p < 0.05). Compared to the control, GSNO treatment had higher shear force while L-NAME treatment presented lower shear force at 7 d postmortem (p < 0.05). In addition, μ-calpain autolysis, myofibrillar protein and desmin degradation were reduced by GSNO treatment and accelerated by L-NAME treatment (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be speculated that protein S-nitrosylation could affect beef tenderization by regulating the autolysis of μ-calpain and the degradation of myofibrillar proteins.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Calpain; Cattle; Desmin; Protein S; Proteolysis; Red Meat
PubMed: 31622832
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125616 -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2018The microbiota of ripening cheese is dominated by lactic acid bacteria, which are either added as starters and adjunct cultures or originate from the production and... (Review)
Review
The microbiota of ripening cheese is dominated by lactic acid bacteria, which are either added as starters and adjunct cultures or originate from the production and processing environments (nonstarter or NSLAB). After curd formation and pressing, starters reach high numbers, but their viability then decreases due to lactose depletion, salt addition, and low pH and temperature. Starter autolysis releases cellular contents, including nutrients and enzymes, into the cheese matrix. During ripening, NSLAB may attain cell densities up to 8 log cfu per g after 3 to 9 mo. Depending on the species and strain, their metabolic activity may contribute to defects or inconsistency in cheese quality and to the development of typical cheese flavor. The availability of gene and genome sequences has enabled targeted detection of specific cheese microbes and their gene expression over the ripening period. Integrated systems biology is needed to combine the multiple perspectives of post-genomics technologies to elucidate the metabolic interactions among microorganisms. Future research should delve into the variation in cell physiology within the microbial populations, because spatial distribution within the cheese matrix will lead to microenvironments that could affect localized interactions of starters and NSLAB. Microbial community modeling can contribute to improving the efficiency and reduce the cost of food processes such as cheese ripening.
Topics: Cheese; Food Microbiology; Lactobacillales; Lactose; Microbiota
PubMed: 29274982
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13345 -
Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) Mar 2021Polyamines are common intracellular metabolites of nearly all cells, and their conservation across a vast diversity of cells suggests critical roles for these compounds... (Review)
Review
Polyamines are common intracellular metabolites of nearly all cells, and their conservation across a vast diversity of cells suggests critical roles for these compounds in cellular physiology. Most intracellular polyamines are associated with RNA and, subsequently, polyamines have significant effects on transcription and translation. Putrescine and spermidine are the most common polyamines in bacteria. Intracellular polyamine pools in bacteria are tightly controlled by both de novo synthesis and transport. Polyamine homeostasis is emerging as a critical parameter of multiple pathways and physiology with substantial impact on bacterial pathogenesis, including the important human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Modulation of polyamine metabolism in pneumococci is an important regulator of central metabolism. It has broad effects on virulence factors such as capsule as well as stress responses that ultimately impact the survival of pneumococcus in a host. Polyamine transport protein as a single antigen or in combination with other pneumococcal proteins is shown to be an efficacious immunogen that protects against nasopharyngeal colonization, and invasive disease. A comprehensive description of polyamine metabolic pathways and their intersection with pneumococcal pathogenesis will undoubtedly point to novel approaches for treatment and prevention of pneumococcal disease.
PubMed: 33762024
DOI: 10.1186/s41479-021-00082-x -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Nov 2023Shrimp is a popular internationally traded shellfish due to its unique taste, texture, and nutritional value. Shrimp is highly perishable because it has enough free... (Review)
Review
Shrimp is a popular internationally traded shellfish due to its unique taste, texture, and nutritional value. Shrimp is highly perishable because it has enough free amino acids, high moisture levels, non-nitrogenous compounds used for microbial growth, and melanosis. Shrimp spoilage after death is caused by various reasons, like autolysis (endogenous proteinases actions during shrimp storage), growth of spoilage microorganisms, ATP degradation, melanin formation, and lipid peroxidation. A microbial byproduct, total volatile basic nitrogen, is one of the major reasons for the generation of foul odors from shrimp spoilage. Shrimp freshness monitoring is crucial for market sellers and exporters. Traditional methods for estimating shrimp freshness are expensive and inaccessible to the general public. Sensors are rapid, sensitive, selective, and portable food toxins' detection tools, devoid of expensive instruments, skilled people, sample pretreatment, and a long detection time. This review addresses shrimp spoilage causes. The mechanisms of different stages of shrimp spoilage after death, like rigor mortis, dissolution of rigor mortis, autolysis, and microbial spoilage mechanisms, are discussed. This review highlights the last five years' advances in shrimp freshness detection sensors and indicators like colorimetric pH indicators, fluorescence sensors, electronic noses, and biosensors, their working principles, and their sensitivities. Commercially available indicators and sensors for shrimp spoilage monitoring are also discussed. A review highlighting the applications of the different sensors and indicators for monitoring shrimp freshness is unavailable to date. Challenges and future perspectives in this field are explained at the end.
Topics: Humans; Rigor Mortis; Seafood; Shellfish; Time
PubMed: 37803582
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113270