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Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Jul 2016Blue nevi are a heterogeneous group of lesions that can display a variety of different clinicopathological characteristics. Although attempts are made to classify each... (Review)
Review
Blue nevi are a heterogeneous group of lesions that can display a variety of different clinicopathological characteristics. Although attempts are made to classify each lesion into defined subtypes, there can be overlap between the subtypes. The clinical and histolopathologic features of common blue nevi and cellular blue nevi are discussed, as well as blue nevi with atypical features and malignant lesions with features of blue nevi.
Topics: Humans; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 27199078
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2016.04.006 -
Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and... Sep 2016Multifocal vascular lesions are important to recognize and appropriately diagnose. Generally first noticed on the skin, multifocal vascular lesions may have systemic... (Review)
Review
Multifocal vascular lesions are important to recognize and appropriately diagnose. Generally first noticed on the skin, multifocal vascular lesions may have systemic involvement. Distinguishing among the different types of multifocal vascular lesions is often based on clinical features; however, radiological imaging and/or biopsy are frequently needed to identify distinct features and guide treatment. Knowledge of the systemic associations that can occur with different vascular anomalies may reduce life-threatening complications, such as coagulopathy, bleeding, cardiac compromise, and neurologic sequelae. This review provides a synopsis of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, workup, and treatment of several well-recognized multifocal vascular tumors and malformations.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue; Skin Neoplasms; Vascular Malformations
PubMed: 27607324
DOI: 10.12788/j.sder.2016.054 -
JAAD Case Reports Mar 2017
PubMed: 28280767
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.01.003 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery May 2017Malignant blue nevus, blue nevus-associated melanoma and blue nevus-like melanoma are all terms used to describe malignant melanomas arising from, in association with,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Malignant blue nevus, blue nevus-associated melanoma and blue nevus-like melanoma are all terms used to describe malignant melanomas arising from, in association with, or resembling blue nevi. This review is aimed at summarizing the available literature to reduce the confusion surrounding this rare malignancy, and aid the surgeon in choosing further diagnostic or therapeutic measures.
METHODS
We conducted a search of Medline, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus and the Cochrane Library for all full text articles published in English that reported on a malignant melanoma arising from, in association with, or resembling a blue nevus.
RESULTS
We identified 91 cases that fit the criteria above. The mean age at diagnosis was 45 years, with a slight male predominance (males: 48; females: 43). Metastatic cases were reported in 55% (n = 50), of which 16 were metastatic at the time of diagnosis, 16 developed metastases within the first year and 18 within 5 years of initial diagnosis. The mean Breslow thickness was 6.8 mm at the time of diagnosis (n = 39).
CONCLUSIONS
The histological criteria for diagnosing this malignancy are very poorly defined, and may contribute to the substantial confusion surrounding the terminology. There is no consensus on which prognostic indicators predictive of outcome in 'conventional' malignant melanoma are applicable to blue nevus-like melanoma/blue nevus-associated melanoma. However, two larger case series have demonstrated a significant association between Breslow thickness (or largest tumour dimension when non-epidermal) and recurrence-free survival, as well as rate of local recurrence, but larger studies are needed to confirm this.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 28318130
DOI: 10.1111/ans.13946 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Sep 2017The major entities related to blue nevus are common blue nevus, cellular blue nevus, atypical blue nevus, and malignant blue nevus. These lesions share presence of... (Review)
Review
The major entities related to blue nevus are common blue nevus, cellular blue nevus, atypical blue nevus, and malignant blue nevus. These lesions share presence of dermal pigmented dendritic melanocytes derived from embryonal precursors to melanocytes, Schwann cells, and glial cells migrating to the skin from the ventral neural crest. Genetically, blue nevi harbor mutations in G-protein-coupled receptor subunits GNAQ and GNA11. Progression to malignant blue nevus is associated with additional mutations and partial gains and losses of chromosomal material. This article discusses recent advances in pathology of blue nevi with emphasis on differential diagnosis and molecular pathology.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Humans; Mutation; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28802492
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2017.05.001 -
Urology Annals Oct 2014Prostatic melanosis is a very rare, benign lesion characterized by the presence of melanin in the epithelium of the prostate gland and stromal dendritic cells, requiring...
Prostatic melanosis is a very rare, benign lesion characterized by the presence of melanin in the epithelium of the prostate gland and stromal dendritic cells, requiring no additional treatment. It constitutes the melanocytic lesions of the prostate together with blue nevus and malignant melanoma. We present a case with prostatic melanosis because it is rarely seen and its distinction from malignant melanoma is clinicopathologically very important.
PubMed: 25371626
DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.141010 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Dec 2021Blue nevus is a type of uncommon benign pigmented lesion in the skin or the mucosa of human body which is featured by pigmented dendritic melanocytes and spindled...
Blue nevus is a type of uncommon benign pigmented lesion in the skin or the mucosa of human body which is featured by pigmented dendritic melanocytes and spindled melanocytic cells. Sinonasal blue nevus is extremely rare. We reported a sinonasal blue nevus case with the background of pituitary adenoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (including endoscopic and histological pictures). Further, the existing literature about blue nevus is reviewed. This paper puts a spotlight on the potential correlation between blue nevus with the endocrine system disorder and provides support for further experimental research.
PubMed: 34892997
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211064014 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Dec 2020
Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Nail Diseases; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33210390
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13781 -
Pathology Mar 2023Blue naevi (BN) form a wide group of benign dermal melanocytic proliferations. They are genetically distinct from common and Spitz naevi with frequent hotspot mutations... (Review)
Review
Blue naevi (BN) form a wide group of benign dermal melanocytic proliferations. They are genetically distinct from common and Spitz naevi with frequent hotspot mutations occurring in Gαq genes. Clinically, BN display a female predominance, elective sites of emergence and a great variety of subtypes related to specific regions of the skin linked to early embryological genetic events. Histologically, most BN are located in the dermis with small, bland, spindled and dendritic pigmented melanocytes within a fibrous background. Variation in tumour volume, fibrosis, and melanin pigment load can be broad. A growth in size and cellularity can occur within a subset of tumours as they acquire the morphological features of cellular blue naevi, with a biphasic architecture associating a dendritic blue naevus morphology near the surface, and deep vertical cellular expansions of medium-sized, bland melanocytes often reaching the subcutis. Sclerosing and myxoid variants can be observed either as individual or combined modifications that can add complexity to an otherwise straightforward diagnosis. Malignant progression of a cellular blue naevus is exceptional with an intermediate stage named atypical cellular blue naevus. Malignant blue melanomas are fast growing, large, pigmented tumours with most often obvious features of malignancy. However, they are difficult to separate from other malignant dermal melanocytic proliferations. Herein, we will extensively detail and illustrate the clinical, histological and genetic features of the vast spectrum of blue naevi and related entities in the skin.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Diagnosis, Differential; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36641378
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.12.342