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The American Journal of Forensic... Sep 2020Serious intrapartum fetal injuries are unfortunate events that confer severe consequences on medical personnel. Most birth traumas are noncritical and resolve for a few...
Serious intrapartum fetal injuries are unfortunate events that confer severe consequences on medical personnel. Most birth traumas are noncritical and resolve for a few days. Permanent effects or fatal outcomes occur infrequently. We report an unusual case of intrapartum complete fetal decapitation. The labor was complicated by shoulder dystocia, with resultant repeated mechanical trauma to the fetal neck and, finally, decapitation. The tragic results of biological processes in human organisms do not automatically confirm medical malpractice. However, there may be grave ethical and forensic outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Birth Injuries; Decapitation; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Induced; Pregnancy; Shoulder Dystocia; Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical
PubMed: 32796208
DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000556 -
Andrology Sep 2017For over 30 years, sperm morphology assessment has been one of the most common tests in evaluation of fertility. This review examines the clinical relevance of sperm... (Review)
Review
For over 30 years, sperm morphology assessment has been one of the most common tests in evaluation of fertility. This review examines the clinical relevance of sperm morphology assessment in the diagnosis of infertility and in assisted reproductive technology, as well as its analytical reliability. Publications on the pathophysiology, the analytical reliability of the test and its clinical relevance in diagnosis and in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) were evaluated. This review compared and discussed study methodologies and results, including patient characteristics, preparation, smear staining methods and classification systems. The assessment of the percentage of some abnormalities such as for example thin head, amorphous head, or bent or asymmetrical neck is of little clinical use, and their pathophysiology is not well explained as most are physiological traits. Some studies have highlighted correlations between the percentage of normal forms and functional sperm abnormalities, as well as correlations with ability to conceive in vivo and, in some situations, with the success of intra-uterine insemination (IUI) or conventional IVF. However, except in the case of some specific sperm defects (easy to detect with 99 or 100% of spermatozoa affected) and which are often linked to genetic disorders (globozoospermia, macrocephaly, decapitated sperm syndrome and fibrous sheath dysplasia), sperm morphology assessment has very poor sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of infertility. Moreover, there is very little evidence that indices of multiple sperm defects [sperm deformity index (SDI), teratozoospermia index (TZI), and multiple abnormalities index (MAI)] are relevant. Above all, many publications report a major lack of analytical reliability of this test, mainly in assessment of the details of sperm abnormalities. Many questions arise concerning how and when sperm morphology should be assessed, and how to interpret the thresholds of normal forms. Questions are raised on the real clinical impact of this test.
Topics: Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Reference Values; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Semen Analysis; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 28692759
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12389 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2018Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SSPS) is a rare type of ectodermal dysplasia that has autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma,...
Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SSPS) is a rare type of ectodermal dysplasia that has autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma, hypodontia, hypotrichosis, nail dystrophy, and multiple periocular and eyelid apocrine hidrocystomas. A 36-year-old male presented with multiple eyelid and periocular apocrine hidrocystomas, ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypodontia, nail dystrophy, and thin scalp hair. Skin biopsy from a periocular lesion revealed cyst lined with smooth, thin epithelium, and few areas revealed foci of decapitation secretion consistent with apocrine hidrocystoma. The patient was diagnosed with SSPS.
PubMed: 30505790
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_26_18 -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine May 2022
Topics: Decapitation; Delivery, Obstetric; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Shoulder; Shoulder Dystocia; Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical
PubMed: 34904426
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0638 -
Nature Communications Aug 2021The sperm head-to-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) ensures sperm head-tail integrity while defective HTCA causes acephalic spermatozoa, rendering males infertile. Here, we...
The sperm head-to-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) ensures sperm head-tail integrity while defective HTCA causes acephalic spermatozoa, rendering males infertile. Here, we show that CENTLEIN is indispensable for HTCA integrity and function, and that inactivation of CENTLEIN in mice leads to sperm decapitation and male sterility. We demonstrate that CENTLEIN directly interacts with both SUN5 and PMFBP1, two proteins localized in the HTCA and related with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome. We find that the absence of Centlein sets SUN5 and PMFBP1 apart, the former close to the sperm head and the latter in the decapitated tail. We show that lack of Sun5 results in CENTLEIN and PMFBP1 left in the decapitated tail, while disruption of Pmfbp1 results in SUN5 and CENTLEIN left on the detached sperm head. These results demonstrate that CENTLEIN cooperating with SUN5 and PMFBP1 participates in the HTCA assembly and integration of sperm head to the tail, indicating that impairments of CENTLEIN might be associated with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome in humans.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Cytoskeletal Proteins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, Knockout; Mutation; Protein Binding; Sperm Head; Sperm Tail; Spermatozoa; Teratozoospermia; Mice
PubMed: 34389728
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25227-w -
Quintessence International (Berlin,... 2019Every orthograde endodontic procedure requires restoration of the coronal (access) cavity. The specific type of treatment used in individual cases greatly depends on the...
Evidence-based treatment planning for the restoration of endodontically treated single teeth: importance of coronal seal, post vs no post, and indirect vs direct restoration.
Every orthograde endodontic procedure requires restoration of the coronal (access) cavity. The specific type of treatment used in individual cases greatly depends on the amount and configuration of the residual coronal tooth structure. In practice there are Class I access cavities as well as coronally severely damaged, even decapitated, teeth and all conceivable manifestations in between. The latest attempts to review results from clinical trials to answer the question of whether post placement or crowning can be recommended for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth or not are inconclusive. For dental practitioners, this is not a satisfactory result. This appraisal evaluates available evidence and trends for coronal restoration of single endodontically treated teeth with a focus on clinical investigations, where available. It provides specific recommendations for their coronal restoration to assist clinicians in their decision making and treatment planning.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Post and Core Technique; Tooth; Tooth, Nonvital
PubMed: 31559397
DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a43235 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Dec 2021Suicide by decapitation as a primary method of injury is not common. When decapitation does occur in association with suicide, it may be a secondary consequence of the...
Suicide by decapitation as a primary method of injury is not common. When decapitation does occur in association with suicide, it may be a secondary consequence of the primary method of suicide, for example massive blunt force trauma, or hanging with a significant drop; however, primary suicidal decapitation has been described specifically in the context of railway incidents wherein victims lie across railroad tracks in-front of oncoming trains. Herein we report the case of a 49-year-old male who was decapitated after lying-down with his neck atop a railroad track in a railroad stockyard. He was subsequently run over by a train as it began to move to leave the stockyard. This case of train-assisted suicide occurs less often than the more common modality of suicide by train wherein victims stand or jump in front of a moving train or lay their body across the railroad tracks in order to be struck by an oncoming train.
Topics: Decapitation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Railroads; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 34106423
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00396-8 -
Genes Nov 2022Petunia is one of the world's most important flowers, and its branch development has long been a source of discussion. MYB transcription factors have been identified as...
Petunia is one of the world's most important flowers, and its branch development has long been a source of discussion. MYB transcription factors have been identified as important plant branching regulators. In this study, 113 R2R3-MYB genes were identified from the petunia genome. genes, closely related to , were expressed at greater levels in axillary buds and roots. Decapitation and 6-BA did not regulate the expression of . PhMYB37 was localized in the nucleus. Heterologous overexpression of promoted shoot branching in transgenic Arabidopsis while silencing of inhibited shoot branching. These results suggest that plays a critical and positive role in petunia shoot branching.
Topics: Petunia; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Arabidopsis; Flowers
PubMed: 36360301
DOI: 10.3390/genes13112064 -
The Journal of Experimental Biology Sep 2022Certain animal species utilize electric fields for communication, hunting and spatial orientation. Freshwater planarians move toward the cathode in a static electric...
Certain animal species utilize electric fields for communication, hunting and spatial orientation. Freshwater planarians move toward the cathode in a static electric field (cathodic electrotaxis). This planarian behavior was first described by Raymond Pearl more than a century ago. However, planarian electrotaxis has received little attention since, and the underlying mechanisms and evolutionary significance remain unknown. To close this knowledge gap, we developed an apparatus and scoring metrics for automated quantitative and mechanistic studies of planarian behavior upon exposure to a static electric field. Using this automated setup, we characterized electrotaxis in the planarian Dugesia japonica and found that this species responds to voltage instead of current, in contrast to results from previous studies using other planarian species. Surprisingly, we found differences in electrotaxis ability between small (shorter) and large (longer) planarians. To determine the cause of these differences, we took advantage of the regenerative abilities of planarians and compared electrotaxis in head, tail and trunk fragments of various lengths. We found that tail and trunk fragments electrotaxed, whereas head fragments did not, regardless of size. Based on these data, we hypothesized that signals from the head may interfere with electrotaxis when the head area/body area reached a critical threshold. In support of this hypothesis, we found that (1) smaller intact planarians that cannot electrotax have a relatively larger head-to-body-ratio than large planarians that can electrotax, and (2) the electrotaxis behavior of cut head fragments was negatively correlated with the head-to-body ratio of the fragments. Moreover, we could restore cathodic electrotaxis in head fragments via decapitation, directly demonstrating inhibition of electrotaxis by the head.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Planarians
PubMed: 35924486
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243972