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Dental Research Journal 2022The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of eggshell-membrane (ESM)-containing hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of open gingival embrasure (OGE)...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of eggshell-membrane (ESM)-containing hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of open gingival embrasure (OGE) following orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study is an quasi experimental research. A total of 24 were equally divided into two groups, treatment (10% HA injection) and control (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]). A separator was inserted between mandibular incisors to induce an OGE. A volume of 20 μl of either PBS ( = 12) or ESM extract ( = 12) was locally injected within the interdental papilla. Decapitation of animals was made on day 1, 4, and 7 postinjection. The staining was done using hemotoxylin and eosin to observe angiogenesis and Mallory to observe the collagen density. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis were performed to detect the amount of HA available in ESM. The results were then compared with independent -tests and the Mann-Whitney test. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.
RESULTS
The FTIR and TLC analysis showed that HA was successfully identified in the ESM samples. Local injection of 10% HA induced an increase of angiogenesis compared to the control group on day 1 and 4 postinjection ( < 0.05). Significant differences ( < 0.05) were also noted in the collagen density and the growth of interdental papilla on day 4 and 7 postinjection.
CONCLUSION
ESM has the potential effect of regenerating the interdental papilla construction after OTM by increasing the collagen fiber density and inducing angiogenesis.
PubMed: 36605137
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2019Terminal differentiation of male germ cells into functional spermatozoa requires shaping and condensation of the nucleus as well as the formation of sperm-specific...
Terminal differentiation of male germ cells into functional spermatozoa requires shaping and condensation of the nucleus as well as the formation of sperm-specific structures. A transient microtubular structure, the manchette, is mandatory for sperm head shaping and the development of the connecting piece and the sperm tail. The connecting piece or head-to-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) mediates the tight linkage of sperm head and tail causing decapitation and infertility when faulty. Using mice as the experimental model, several proteins have already been identified affecting the linkage complex, manchette or tail formation when missing. However, our current knowledge is far too rudimentary to even draft an interacting protein network. Depletion of the major outer dense fiber protein 1 (ODF1) mainly caused decapitation and male infertility but validated binding partners collaborating in the formation of sperm-specific structures are largely unknown. Amongst all candidate proteins affecting the HTCA when missing, the structural protein CCDC42 attracted our attention. The coiled-coil domain containing 42 (CCDC42) is important for HTCA and sperm tail formation but is otherwise largely uncharacterized. We show here that CCDC42 is expressed in spermatids and localizes to the manchette, the connecting piece and the tail. Beyond that, we show that CCDC42 is not restricted to male germ cells but is also expressed in somatic cells in which it localizes to the centrosome. Although centrosomal and sperm tail location seems to be irrespective of ODF1 we asked whether both proteins may form an interacting network in the male germ cell. We additionally considered ODF2, a prevalent protein involved in the formation of spermatid-specific cytoskeletal structures, as a putative binding partner. Our data depict for the first time the subcellular location of CCDC42 in spermatids and deepen our knowledge about the composition of the spermatid/sperm-specific structures. The presence of CCDC42 in the centrosome of somatic cells together with the obvious restricted male-specific phenotype when missing strongly argues for a compensatory function by other still unknown proteins most likely of the same family.
PubMed: 31475146
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00151 -
Plant & Cell Physiology Dec 2019The biosynthesis and roles of strigolactones (SLs) have been investigated in herbaceous plants, but so far, their role in trees has received little attention. In this...
The biosynthesis and roles of strigolactones (SLs) have been investigated in herbaceous plants, but so far, their role in trees has received little attention. In this study, we analyzed the presence, spatial/temporal expression and role of SL pathway genes in Populus tremula � Populus tremuloides. In this proleptic species, axillary buds (AXBs) become para-dormant at the bud maturation point, providing an unambiguous starting point to study AXB activation. We identified previously undescribed Populus homologs of DWARF27 (D27), LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO) and DWARF53-like (D53-like) and analyzed the relative expression of all SL pathway genes in root tips and shoot tissues. We found that, although AXBs expressed MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) and LBO, they did not express MAX3 and MAX4, whereas nodal bark expressed high levels of all SL biosynthesis genes. By contrast, expression of the SL perception and signaling genes MAX2, D14 and D53 was high in AXBs relative to nodal bark and roots. This suggests that AXBs are reliant on the associated nodes for the import of SLs and SL precursors. Activation of AXBs was initiated by decapitation and single-node isolation. This rapidly downregulated SL pathway genes downstream of MAX4, although later these genes were upregulated coincidently with primordia formation. GR24-feeding counteracted all activation-related changes in SL gene expression but did not prevent AXB outgrowth showing that SL is ineffective once AXBs are activated. The results indicate that nodes rather than roots supply SLs and its precursors to AXBs, and that SLs may restrain embryonic shoot elongation during AXB formation and para-dormancy in intact plants.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Lactones; Plant Proteins; Plant Shoots; Populus; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31504881
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz170 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2023The objective of our study was to evaluate whether ovarian suppression by two different hormonal methods may spare the ovary the cytotoxic effects of isotretinoin in a...
The protective effects of hormonal suppression by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or an oral contraceptive on the decreased ovarian reserve in female rats exposed to isotretinoin.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of our study was to evaluate whether ovarian suppression by two different hormonal methods may spare the ovary the cytotoxic effects of isotretinoin in a rat model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four groups (n=8 Sprague-Dawley albino rats per group) were studied: control (Group I), 7.5 mg/kg/day isotretinoin (Group II), isotretinoin plus the combination of 0.030 mg ethinyl estradiol/0.15 mg levonorgestrel (combined oral contraceptive, COC), and isotretinoin plus 100 μg (microgram) leuprolide acetate (GnRHa) (Group III and IV, respectively). Four rats from each group were decapitated on the 30th day of treatment, and the remaining rats were decapitated on the 30th day of untreated follow-up. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, healthy and atretic follicle numbers, and apoptotic activity of follicles in oophorectomy specimens were compared between the groups.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in AMH levels among the study groups before, immediately after (first month), and one month after their last medication (second month) (p=0.08, 0.47, and 0.08, respectively). At the end of the first month, the control group had a higher median count of healthy primordial follicles compared to the study groups: 13.5 (8-22), 5.5 (3-11), 6 (2-13), and 1 (0-1) in control, isotretinoin, isotretinoin+COC, and isotretinoin+GnRHa groups, respectively (p=0.02). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of healthy primordial follicles between the groups one month after the last medication (p=0.33). The median atretic antral follicle counts in the first month were 2 (1-4), 3.5 (1-4), 0 (0-2), and 0 (0-0) in the control, isotretinoin, isotretinoin+COC, and isotretinoin+GnRHa groups, respectively (p=0.02). Otherwise, there were no significant differences in other types of follicles among the control and treated groups (p>0.05). There was also no statistical difference between the groups regarding immunostaining intensity for active caspase-3 evaluated in the first or second month of treatment (p=0.8 and 0.2, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that GnRH agonists or COC have no protective effects on ovarian reserve when co-administered with isotretinoin in the rat model.
Topics: Female; Rats; Animals; Humans; Contraceptives, Oral; Isotretinoin; Ovarian Reserve; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Immunologic Factors; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
PubMed: 37782196
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33808 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Jun 2022Motivational states are important determinants of behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, courtship behavior is robust and crucial for species continuation. However, the...
Motivational states are important determinants of behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, courtship behavior is robust and crucial for species continuation. However, the motivation of courtship behavior remains unexplored. We first find the phenomenon that courtship behavior is modulated by motivational state. A male fly courts another male fly when it first courts a decapitated female fly, however, male-male courtship behavior rarely occurs under normal conditions. Therefore, in this phenomenon, the male fly's courtship motivational state is induced by its exposure to female flies. Blocking dopaminergic neurons synaptic transmission by expressing Tetanus toxin light chain (TNTe) decreases motivational state induced male-male courtship behavior without affecting male-female courtship behavior. Vision cues are another key component in sexually driven Drosophila male-male courtship behavior. Here, we identify a base theory that the inner motivational state could eventually decide Drosophila behavior.
Topics: Animals; Courtship; Dopaminergic Neurons; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Drosophila melanogaster; Female; Male; Motivation; Sexual Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 35430448
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.025 -
Current Biology : CB Jul 2023Extreme neck elongation was a common evolutionary strategy among Mesozoic marine reptiles, occurring independently in several lineages. Despite its evolutionary success,...
Extreme neck elongation was a common evolutionary strategy among Mesozoic marine reptiles, occurring independently in several lineages. Despite its evolutionary success, such an elongate neck might have been particularly susceptible to predation, but direct evidence for this possibility has been lacking. Composed of only 13 hyperelongate vertebrae and associated strut-like ribs, the configuration of the long neck of the Triassic archosauromorph Tanystropheus is unique among tetrapods. It was probably stiffened and used to catch prey through an ambush-strategy. Here, we show that the neck was completely severed in two Tanystropheus specimens (Figure 1), most likely due to a predatory attack, providing vivid evidence of predator-prey interactions among Mesozoic marine reptiles that are rarely preserved in the fossil record. The recurring incidence of decapitation suggests that the elongate neck was a functional weak spot in Tanystropheus, and possibly the long-necked marine reptile bauplan more generally.
Topics: Animals; Phylogeny; Decapitation; Biological Evolution; Reptiles; Fossils
PubMed: 37343555
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.027 -
Plant Cell Reports Jul 2021The SlTCP26 negatively regulated auxin signal to relieve the apical dominance and suppressed abscisic acid signal to remove the lateral bud dormancy, promoting lateral...
The SlTCP26 negatively regulated auxin signal to relieve the apical dominance and suppressed abscisic acid signal to remove the lateral bud dormancy, promoting lateral branches development. Lateral branches formation from lateral buds is a complex regulatory process in higher plants, and the interaction between transcription factors and hormones is indispensable during this process. TCP transcription factors have been reported to regulate lateral branches development, while the detailed function, especially interacting with auxin and ABA during this process, was still ambiguous in tomato. In this study, a branch regulatory gene, SlTCP26, was identified in tomato, and its role along with its interaction to hormones during branch development, as investigated. The results indicated that overexpression of SlTCP26 would promote lateral branches development, and could suppress the expressing of the genes associated with IAA signaling, presenting similar effects in decapitated plants. Conversely, the exogenous IAA application could inhibit the expression of SlTCP26. Furthermore, the expressing of the ABA signaling-related genes was inhibited in SlTCP26 overexpressed tomato, similar to that in decapitated tomato. Our findings suggested that SlTCP26 may be a crucial adjuster for synergistic action between ABA and IAA signals during the development of lateral branches, and it could promote the lateral buds grow into lateral shoots, via inhibiting IAA signal to relieve the apical dominance and suppressing ABA signal to remove the lateral bud dormancy. Our study provided some insights for the development of tomato lateral branches to understand the apical dominance regulatory network.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Fruit; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Indoleacetic Acids; Solanum lycopersicum; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Proteins; Plant Shoots; Plants, Genetically Modified; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 33758995
DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02680-x -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Nov 2022Microwave-absorbing materials with wide bandwidth and high absorptivity are increasingly playing an important role in over-the-air (OTA) testing. In this work, a kind of...
Microwave-absorbing materials with wide bandwidth and high absorptivity are increasingly playing an important role in over-the-air (OTA) testing. In this work, a kind of pyramid absorbing material was prepared using flame-retardant absorbers as the filler. In addition, a coating was used to further improve the flame-retardant properties of the microwave-absorbing material. To obtain excellent microwave absorption performance (MWAP), a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) was adopted to design structural materials. Here, the total height, the base height, the decapitation height of the pyramid tip, the distance between the pyramids, and other parameters were analyzed; then, the actual processing and molding were realized. The MWAP of -30 dB was achieved at 2.7-18 GHz, and the MWAP of -10 dB was also met at 2-18 GHz. In particular, the study also investigated the MWAP of large angle, which can meet the MWAP of -10 dB at 2-18 GHz and MWAP of -30 dB at 4-18 GHz. Most importantly, the absorption mechanism of the pyramid structure was explored. The influence of the tip was proved by the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the pyramid. It can be regarded as a multilayer microwave-absorbing material due to the impedance gradient of the pyramid, which can provide an effective research idea and method for future engineering applications.
PubMed: 36347823
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16166 -
Journal of the American Association For... May 2023Minimization of potential pain and distress of rodents undergoing euthanasia is a touchstone of veterinary clinical medicine. Evaluation of this issue in postweanling...
Minimization of potential pain and distress of rodents undergoing euthanasia is a touchstone of veterinary clinical medicine. Evaluation of this issue in postweanling rodents has supported revisions to the AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association) Guidelines on Euthanasia in 2020. However, relatively little information is available on humane aspects of anesthesia and euthanasia in neonatal mice and rats. These neonates are not reliably euthanized by exposure to commonly used inhalant anesthetic agents due to their physiologic adaptations to hypercapnic environments. Therefore, options such as prolonged inhalant anesthetic gas exposure, decapitation, or use of injectable anesthetics are recommended for neonates. All of these recommended methods have operational implications, ranging from reported job dissatisfaction by animal care staff to rigorous reporting requirements associated with the use of controlled substances. This lack of a euthanasia method that does not entail operational issues hampers the ability of veterinary professionals to provide appropriate guidance to scientists working with neonates. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of carbon monoxide (CO) as an alternative euthanasia agent for mouse and rat pups on postnatal days (PND) 0 to 12. The study demonstrates that CO may be a potential alternative for preweanling mice and rats at PND6 or older but is not appropriate for neonates at PND5 or younger.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Mice; Humans; Animals, Newborn; Carbon Monoxide; Anesthesia; Pain; Rodentia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Euthanasia, Animal; Carbon Dioxide
PubMed: 37137681
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000103 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022ODF1 is a major protein of the accessory fibres of the mammalian sperm tail. In addition, ODF1 is found in the connecting piece, a complex structure located at the...
ODF1 is a major protein of the accessory fibres of the mammalian sperm tail. In addition, ODF1 is found in the connecting piece, a complex structure located at the posterior end of the nucleus that connects the sperm head and tail. The tight coupling of the sperm head and tail is critical for the progressive motility of the sperm to reach the oocyte for fertilisation. The depletion of ODF1 by homologous recombination in mice led to male infertility. Although sperm tails were present in the epididymis, no intact spermatozoa were found. Instead, the depletion of ODF1 resulted in sperm decapitation, suggesting that ODF1 is essential for the formation of the coupling apparatus and the tight linkage of the sperm head and tail. However, the development of the linkage complex in the absence of ODF1 has never been investigated. Here, I analysed the fine structure of the developing connecting piece by transmission electron microscopy. I show that the connecting piece develops as in wild-type spermatids. Structural abnormalities were not observed when ODF1 was absent. Thus, ODF1 is dispensable for the development of the connecting piece. However, the decapitation of ODF1-deficient spermatozoa indicates that the heads and tails of the spermatozoa are not linked, so that they separate when force is applied.
Topics: Animals; Decapitation; Male; Mammals; Mice; Semen; Sperm Head; Sperm Tail; Spermatids; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 36142191
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810280