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Journal of Endodontics Feb 2022Dens invaginatus or dens in dente is a developmental dental anomaly resulting from an invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla during odontogenesis.... (Review)
Review
Dens invaginatus or dens in dente is a developmental dental anomaly resulting from an invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla during odontogenesis. Radiographically, it is usually seen as a radiolucent invagination surrounded by a radiopaque area (enamel) limited to the tooth crown or extending into the root. Because the invagination is opened to the oral cavity, it can retain saliva, food remnants, and bacteria. In conditions where the enamel lining of the invagination is naturally absent or lost because of caries, bacterial cells and products can diffuse from the invagination through the dentin tubules to reach the pulp and cause disease. Management of teeth with dens invaginatus includes preventive sealing or filling of the invagination, or if the pulp is affected, therapeutic options include vital pulp therapy, nonsurgical root canal treatment, apexification or regenerative endodontic procedures, periradicular surgery, intentional replantation, or extraction. It is recommended that the invagination be always approached, regardless of the type of dens invaginatus. The root canal should be treated whenever the pulp is irreversibly inflamed or necrotic. Endodontic management of teeth with dens invaginatus is often tricky because of its anatomic complexity, and special and customized strategies should be devised. This review discusses the endodontic implications of this anomaly and the current treatment recommendations based on anatomic, pathological, and technologic considerations.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Apexification; Dens in Dente; Humans; Incisor; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 34902355
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.11.014 -
Cell Reports Dec 2022Mammalian teeth develop from the inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, an important mechanism shared by many organs. The cellular basis for such interaction...
Mammalian teeth develop from the inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, an important mechanism shared by many organs. The cellular basis for such interaction remains elusive. Here, we generate a dual-fluorescence model to track and analyze dental cells from embryonic to postnatal stages, in which Pitx2 epithelium and Msx1 mesenchyme are sufficient for tooth reconstitution. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial mapping further revealed critical cellular dynamics during molar development, where tooth germs are organized by Msx1Sdc1 dental papilla and surrounding dental niche. Surprisingly, niche cells are more efficient in tooth reconstitution and can directly regenerate papilla cells through interaction with dental epithelium. Finally, from the dental niche, we identify a group of previously unappreciated migratory Msx1 Sox9 cells as the potential cell origin for dental papilla. Our results indicate that the dental niche cells directly contribute to tooth organogenesis and provide critical insights into the essential cell composition for tooth engineering.
Topics: Tooth
PubMed: 36476878
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111737 -
Biogerontology Aug 2023Dental pulp under physiological conditions has a defense function, repair capacity, and important mechanisms in pathological processes. In addition, the dental papilla... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp under physiological conditions has a defense function, repair capacity, and important mechanisms in pathological processes. In addition, the dental papilla is involved in important defense processes and an essential function in the pulp revascularization process. It is known that dental pulp and apical papilla undergo a natural aging process, in addition to stressful situations such as bruxism, inflammation, and infections. Both aging and stressful situations can lead to cellular senescence. Some evidence indicates that the changes resulting from this cellular state can directly affect the efficiency of cells in these tissues and affect conservative and regenerative clinical treatments. Thus, it is necessary to understand the causes and consequences of cellular senescence in addition to the development of methods for senescence prevention. This review aims to provide an overview of possible causes and consequences of senescence in dental pulp and stem cells from apical papilla and discusses possible methods to prevent this cellular state.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp; Cellular Senescence; Stem Cells; Aging; Inflammation; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 37010664
DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10029-y -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Sep 2022Dental follicles are necessary for tooth eruption, surround the enamel organ and dental papilla, and regulate both the formation and resorption of alveolar bone. Dental... (Review)
Review
Dental follicles are necessary for tooth eruption, surround the enamel organ and dental papilla, and regulate both the formation and resorption of alveolar bone. Dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), which are stem cells found in dental follicles, differentiate into different kinds of cells that are necessary for tooth formation and eruption. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a transcription factor that is essential for osteoblasts and osteoclasts differentiation, as well as bone remodeling. Mutation of Runx2 causing cleidocranial dysplasia negatively affects osteogenesis and the osteoclastic ability of dental follicles, resulting in tooth eruption difficulties. Among a variety of cells and molecules, Nel-like molecule type 1 (Nell-1) plays an important role in neural crest-derived tissues and is strongly expressed in dental follicles. Nell-1 was originally identified in pathologically fused and fusing sutures of patients with unilateral coronal synostosis, and it plays indispensable roles in bone remodeling, including roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation and regeneration, craniofacial skeleton development, and the differentiation of many kinds of stem cells. Runx2 was proven to directly target the Nell-1 gene and regulate its expression. These studies suggested that Runx2/Nell-1 axis may play an important role in the process of tooth eruption by affecting DFPCs. Studies on short and long regulatory noncoding RNAs have revealed the complexity of RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. This ceRNA network participates in the regulation of Runx2 and Nell-1 gene expression in a complex way. However, non-study indicated the potential connection between Runx2 and Nell-1, and further researches are still needed.
Topics: Bone Remodeling; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Dental Sac; Humans; Osteogenesis; RNA; Stem Cells; Tooth Eruption; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 36175952
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03140-3 -
Cell and Tissue Research Jul 2023Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and... (Review)
Review
Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and molecular studies. However, in the face of cellular senescence soon in vitro, the proliferation ability of the cells is limited, so studies are hindered to some extent. Fortunately, immortalization strategies are expected to solve the above issues. Cellular immortalization is that cells are immortalized by introducing oncogenes, human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes (hTERT), or miscellaneous immortalization genes to get unlimited proliferation. At present, a variety of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissue has been successfully generated, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament cells (PDLs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental papilla cells (DPCs), and tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs). This review summarized establishment and applications of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissues and then discussed the advantages and challenges of immortalization.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Tooth; Cell Line; Periodontal Ligament; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 37039940
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Both the dental pulp and the apical papilla represent a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative endodontic protocols. The aim of this study was to...
Both the dental pulp and the apical papilla represent a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative endodontic protocols. The aim of this study was to outline molecular biological conformities and differences between dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). Thus, cells were isolated from the pulp and the apical papilla of an extracted molar and analyzed for mesenchymal stem cell markers as well as multi-lineage differentiation. During induced osteogenic differentiation, viability, proliferation, and wound healing assays were performed, and secreted signaling molecules were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Transcriptome-wide gene expression was profiled by microarrays and validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene regulation was evaluated in the context of culture parameters and functionality. Both cell types expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and were able to enter various lineages. DPSC and SCAP showed no significant differences in cell viability, proliferation, or migration; however, variations were observed in the profile of secreted molecules. Transcriptome analysis revealed the most significant gene regulation during the differentiation period, and 13 biomarkers were identified whose regulation was essential for both cell types. DPSC and SCAP share many features and their differentiation follows similar patterns. From a molecular biological perspective, both seem to be equally suitable for dental pulp tissue engineering.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35269758
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052615 -
British Dental Journal Mar 2021Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly resulting in a deepening or invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla prior to calcification of the... (Review)
Review
Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly resulting in a deepening or invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla prior to calcification of the dental tissues. Presence of DI is considered to increase the risk of caries and pulpal pathology, but they are often missed in the initial orthodontic assessment as they present with no clinical signs of an anomaly. In absence of adequate oral hygiene and maintenance, bacterial contamination of these malformations can lead to the development of early caries and consequent pulpal death. Early diagnosis of these lesions is critical as they can negatively impact any planned orthodontic treatment and assessment of the prognosis of these lesions is therefore necessary prior to the commencement of orthodontic treatment. In this article, we aim to illustrate the need for appropriate diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach in the management of DI in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Dens in Dente; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Humans; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 33772187
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2721-9 -
British Dental Journal Nov 2014Gingival black triangles (GBTs) are generally considered to be aesthetically unacceptable, have a multifactorial aetiology and a range of treatment options. This review... (Review)
Review
Gingival black triangles (GBTs) are generally considered to be aesthetically unacceptable, have a multifactorial aetiology and a range of treatment options. This review covers the surgical and non-surgical management of GBTs. Surgical methods address recontouring, preserving or reconstructing the soft tissue including the interdental papilla as well as the alveolar bone. Non-surgical approaches include restorative techniques (including the use of prostheses and gingival-coloured materials), orthodontic movement, tissue engineering and tissue volumisers. This review covers the aetiology and management of GBTs, highlighting the importance of considering the options currently available when treating a lost dental papilla. A lack of longitudinal studies investigating the long-term outcomes of the options in management of GBTs presence is identified.
Topics: Esthetics, Dental; Gingiva; Gingival Recession; Humans
PubMed: 25415009
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1004 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Dec 2021Dental Mesenchymal stem cells has prompted great for cell-based therapeutics. But no one knows for sure what the true potential of these cells, since most of the studies...
BACKGROUND
Dental Mesenchymal stem cells has prompted great for cell-based therapeutics. But no one knows for sure what the true potential of these cells, since most of the studies were done in isolation, using as source, different donors or different cell processing conditions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An enriched population of cells positive for CD146, STRO-1, and CD90 was isolated of third molars teeth indicated for extraction of patient with of 16 years old. Analysis of cell kinetics, and subcellular tests were performed to assess the presence of minor and trace elements by using synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence microscopy.
RESULTS
In the cell kinetics assays, the enriched populations showed generally slower growth as compared to those that were non-enriched. In comparison between the pulp and papilla populations, the derived pulp grew more rapidly than that derived from the papilla. The CD90 + cells exhibited a smaller pulp area compared to other populations, but the papilla of these cells exhibited a larger area. The CD90 + cells exhibited higher amounts of P, S, Cl, K, and Ca, while the Cu and Zn exhibited more than CD146-. STRO1 - exhibited K and Cu. For both the pulp and the papilla, multipotent stem cells positive for all three markers were present.
CONCLUSIONS
Although they have been obtained from the same tooth and donor, as well as were grown, the populations derived from these two tissues have different growth morphology and kinetics. The biochemical differences show different metabolic patterns, reflecting in part the growth differences. Synchrotron radiation, dental stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, chemical composition.
PubMed: 34987718
DOI: 10.4317/jced.58819 -
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Feb 2018Human dental stem cells can be obtained from postnatal teeth, extracted wisdom teeth or exfoliated deciduous teeth. Due to their differentiation potential, these... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Human dental stem cells can be obtained from postnatal teeth, extracted wisdom teeth or exfoliated deciduous teeth. Due to their differentiation potential, these mesenchymal stem cells are promising for tooth repair. Therefore, the development of dental tissue regeneration represents a suitable but challenging, target for dental stem cell therapies. Areas covered: Expert opinion:
AREAS COVERED
In this review, the authors provide an overview of human dental stem cells and their properties for regeneration medicine. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that dental stem cells improve bone augmentation and healing of periodontal diseases. Clinical trials are ongoing to validate the clinical feasibility of these approaches. Dental stem cells are also important for basic research.
EXPERT OPINION
Dental stem cells offer numerous advantages for tooth repair and regeneration. Data obtained from different studies are encouraging. In the next few years, investigations on dental stem cells in basic research, pre-clinical research and clinical studies will pave the way to optimizing patient-tailored treatments for repair and regeneration of dental tissues.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Dental Sac; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tooth
PubMed: 29110535
DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1402004