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Australian Dental Journal Jun 2014The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical utility of stem cells in periodontal regeneration by reviewing relevant literature that assesses the... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical utility of stem cells in periodontal regeneration by reviewing relevant literature that assesses the periodontal-regenerative potential of stem cells. We consider and describe the main stem cell populations that have been utilized with regard to periodontal regeneration, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the main dental-derived mesenchymal stem cell populations: periodontal ligament stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla and dental follicle precursor cells. Research into the use of stem cells for tissue regeneration has the potential to significantly influence periodontal treatment strategies in the future.
Topics: Bone Transplantation; Dental Cementum; Dental Pulp; Dental Sac; Gingiva; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Tooth, Deciduous; Wound Healing
PubMed: 24111843
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12100 -
Journal of Dental Research Sep 2009To date, 5 different human dental stem/progenitor cells have been isolated and characterized: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
To date, 5 different human dental stem/progenitor cells have been isolated and characterized: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs). These postnatal populations have mesenchymal-stem-cell-like (MSC) qualities, including the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BMMSCs) are capable of giving rise to various lineages of cells, such as osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic cells. The dental-tissue-derived stem cells are isolated from specialized tissue with potent capacities to differentiate into odontogenic cells. However, they also have the ability to give rise to other cell lineages similar to, but different in potency from, that of BMMSCs. This article will review the isolation and characterization of the properties of different dental MSC-like populations in comparison with those of other MSCs, such as BMMSCs. Important issues in stem cell biology, such as stem cell niche, homing, and immunoregulation, will also be discussed.
Topics: Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Dental Sac; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Tooth; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 19767575
DOI: 10.1177/0022034509340867 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jun 2013A short clinical crown may lead to poor retention form thereby leading to improper tooth preparation. Surgical crown lengthening procedure is done to increase the...
INTRODUCTION
A short clinical crown may lead to poor retention form thereby leading to improper tooth preparation. Surgical crown lengthening procedure is done to increase the clinical crown length without violating the biologic width. Several techniques have been proposed for clinical crown lengthening which includes gingivectomy, apically displaced flap with or without resective osseous surgery, and surgical extrusion using periotome.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to compare clinically the three different surgical techniques of crown lengthening procedures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifteen patients who reported to the department of Periodontology, were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups, which include patients who underwent gingivectomy (Group A), apically repositioned flap (Group B) and surgical extrusion using periotome (Group C). Clinical measurements such as clinical crown length, gingival zenith, interdental papilla height were taken at baseline and at 3(rd) month post-operatively.
RESULTS
Clinical and radiographic evaluation at 3(rd) month suggest that surgical extrusion technique offers several advantages over the other conventional surgical techniques such as preservation of the interproximal papilla, gingival margin position and no marginal bone loss.
CONCLUSIONS
This technique can be used to successfully treat a grossly damaged crown structure as a result of tooth fracture, dental caries and iatrogenic factors especially in the anterior region, where esthetics is of great concern.
PubMed: 23946567
DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.113281 -
The International Journal of Oral &... 2014To test whether or not immediate loading of single-implant crowns renders different results from early and conventional loading with respect to implant survival,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To test whether or not immediate loading of single-implant crowns renders different results from early and conventional loading with respect to implant survival, marginal bone loss, stability of peri-implant soft tissue, esthetics, and patient satisfaction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search of Medline and Embase databases including studies published prior to August 1, 2012, was performed and complemented by a manual search. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different loading protocols of single-implant crowns with a follow-up after restoration of at least 1 year were included. A meta-analysis yielded odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMD) together with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
RESULTS
The search provided 10 RCTs comparing immediate and conventional loading and 1 RCT comparing immediate and early loading. When assessing the implant survival at 1 year of loading, the meta-analysis of 10 studies found no significant differences between immediate and conventional loading (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.76). The total difference of marginal bone loss during the first year of function between immediate and conventional loading protocols in 7 RCTs did not reach statistical significance (SMD = -0.05 mm; 95% CI: -0.41 to 0.31 mm). There were no significant differences between immediate and conventional loading regarding implant survival and marginal bone loss at 2, 3, and 5 years of loading. Three RCTs comparing the change of papilla level between immediate and conventional loading identified no significant differences. One study investigated the recession of the buccal mucosa after implant placement and found significantly inferior soft tissue loss for immediate loading as compared to conventional loading. Two RCTs investigated the recession of the buccal mucosa after insertion of the definitive crown and found no differences between immediate and conventional loading. The esthetics and the patient satisfaction were assessed in one and two RCTs, respectively. There were no significant differences between immediate and conventional loading.
CONCLUSIONS
Immediately and conventionally loaded single-implant crowns are equally successful regarding implant survival and marginal bone loss. This conclusion is primarily derived from studies evaluating implants inserted with a torque ≥ 20 to 45 Ncm or an implant stability quotient (ISQ) ≥ 60 to 65 and with no need for simultaneous bone augmentation. Immediately and conventionally loaded implants do not appear to differently affect the papilla height during the first year of loading. Due to the heterogeneity of the time point of baseline measurements and contradictory findings in the studies, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions regarding the recession of the buccal mucosa. With respect to the assessment of esthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction, the data available remain inconclusive.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Bone Density; Crowns; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Dental Restoration Failure; Gingival Recession; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Mandible; Maxilla; Patient Satisfaction; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Time Factors; Torque
PubMed: 24660200
DOI: 10.11607/jomi.2014suppl.g4.1 -
Cell Reports Dec 2022Mammalian teeth develop from the inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, an important mechanism shared by many organs. The cellular basis for such interaction...
Mammalian teeth develop from the inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, an important mechanism shared by many organs. The cellular basis for such interaction remains elusive. Here, we generate a dual-fluorescence model to track and analyze dental cells from embryonic to postnatal stages, in which Pitx2 epithelium and Msx1 mesenchyme are sufficient for tooth reconstitution. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial mapping further revealed critical cellular dynamics during molar development, where tooth germs are organized by Msx1Sdc1 dental papilla and surrounding dental niche. Surprisingly, niche cells are more efficient in tooth reconstitution and can directly regenerate papilla cells through interaction with dental epithelium. Finally, from the dental niche, we identify a group of previously unappreciated migratory Msx1 Sox9 cells as the potential cell origin for dental papilla. Our results indicate that the dental niche cells directly contribute to tooth organogenesis and provide critical insights into the essential cell composition for tooth engineering.
Topics: Tooth
PubMed: 36476878
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111737 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Sep 2022Dental follicles are necessary for tooth eruption, surround the enamel organ and dental papilla, and regulate both the formation and resorption of alveolar bone. Dental... (Review)
Review
Dental follicles are necessary for tooth eruption, surround the enamel organ and dental papilla, and regulate both the formation and resorption of alveolar bone. Dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), which are stem cells found in dental follicles, differentiate into different kinds of cells that are necessary for tooth formation and eruption. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a transcription factor that is essential for osteoblasts and osteoclasts differentiation, as well as bone remodeling. Mutation of Runx2 causing cleidocranial dysplasia negatively affects osteogenesis and the osteoclastic ability of dental follicles, resulting in tooth eruption difficulties. Among a variety of cells and molecules, Nel-like molecule type 1 (Nell-1) plays an important role in neural crest-derived tissues and is strongly expressed in dental follicles. Nell-1 was originally identified in pathologically fused and fusing sutures of patients with unilateral coronal synostosis, and it plays indispensable roles in bone remodeling, including roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation and regeneration, craniofacial skeleton development, and the differentiation of many kinds of stem cells. Runx2 was proven to directly target the Nell-1 gene and regulate its expression. These studies suggested that Runx2/Nell-1 axis may play an important role in the process of tooth eruption by affecting DFPCs. Studies on short and long regulatory noncoding RNAs have revealed the complexity of RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. This ceRNA network participates in the regulation of Runx2 and Nell-1 gene expression in a complex way. However, non-study indicated the potential connection between Runx2 and Nell-1, and further researches are still needed.
Topics: Bone Remodeling; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Dental Sac; Humans; Osteogenesis; RNA; Stem Cells; Tooth Eruption; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 36175952
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03140-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Both the dental pulp and the apical papilla represent a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative endodontic protocols. The aim of this study was to...
Both the dental pulp and the apical papilla represent a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative endodontic protocols. The aim of this study was to outline molecular biological conformities and differences between dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). Thus, cells were isolated from the pulp and the apical papilla of an extracted molar and analyzed for mesenchymal stem cell markers as well as multi-lineage differentiation. During induced osteogenic differentiation, viability, proliferation, and wound healing assays were performed, and secreted signaling molecules were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Transcriptome-wide gene expression was profiled by microarrays and validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene regulation was evaluated in the context of culture parameters and functionality. Both cell types expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and were able to enter various lineages. DPSC and SCAP showed no significant differences in cell viability, proliferation, or migration; however, variations were observed in the profile of secreted molecules. Transcriptome analysis revealed the most significant gene regulation during the differentiation period, and 13 biomarkers were identified whose regulation was essential for both cell types. DPSC and SCAP share many features and their differentiation follows similar patterns. From a molecular biological perspective, both seem to be equally suitable for dental pulp tissue engineering.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35269758
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052615 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2011Dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue that has a limited regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and post-mitotic nature of odontoblastic... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue that has a limited regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and post-mitotic nature of odontoblastic cells. Entire pulp amputation followed by pulp space disinfection and filling with an artificial material cause loss of a significant amount of dentin leaving as life-lasting sequelae a non-vital and weakened tooth. However, regenerative endodontics is an emerging field of modern tissue engineering that has demonstrated promising results using stem cells associated with scaffolds and responsive molecules. Thereby, this article reviews the most recent endeavors to regenerate pulp tissue based on tissue engineering principles and provides insightful information to readers about the different aspects involved in tissue engineering. Here, we speculate that the search for the ideal combination of cells, scaffolds, and morphogenic factors for dental pulp tissue engineering may be extended over future years and result in significant advances in other areas of dental and craniofacial research. The findings collected in this literature review show that we are now at a stage in which engineering a complex tissue, such as the dental pulp, is no longer an unachievable goal and the next decade will certainly be an exciting time for dental and craniofacial research.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Odontoblasts; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 21519641
DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402011000100001 -
Schweizer Monatsschrift Fur Zahnmedizin... 2010Stem cell biology, an emerging field of research, provides promising methods in vitro as well as in vivo in animal models which make speculation about a future... (Review)
Review
Stem cell biology, an emerging field of research, provides promising methods in vitro as well as in vivo in animal models which make speculation about a future application in human dentistry reasonable. The objective of this study was to review the literature of stem cell research concerning fields relevant for dentistry. In dentistry, different stem cells are discussed. Adult dental ectomesenchymal stem cells seem promising for future therapy. Human stem cells have been isolated from the dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, the periodontal ligament, the dental follicle and the dental papilla. Stem cell markers such as STRO-1 were used for the characterization and isolation of stem cells. Adult dental stem cells can differentiate into many dental components, such as dentin, periodontal ligament, cement and dental pulp tissue, but not into enamel.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Antigens, Differentiation; Biomarkers; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Dental Sac; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Odontogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 21207302
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Dec 2021Dental Mesenchymal stem cells has prompted great for cell-based therapeutics. But no one knows for sure what the true potential of these cells, since most of the studies...
BACKGROUND
Dental Mesenchymal stem cells has prompted great for cell-based therapeutics. But no one knows for sure what the true potential of these cells, since most of the studies were done in isolation, using as source, different donors or different cell processing conditions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An enriched population of cells positive for CD146, STRO-1, and CD90 was isolated of third molars teeth indicated for extraction of patient with of 16 years old. Analysis of cell kinetics, and subcellular tests were performed to assess the presence of minor and trace elements by using synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence microscopy.
RESULTS
In the cell kinetics assays, the enriched populations showed generally slower growth as compared to those that were non-enriched. In comparison between the pulp and papilla populations, the derived pulp grew more rapidly than that derived from the papilla. The CD90 + cells exhibited a smaller pulp area compared to other populations, but the papilla of these cells exhibited a larger area. The CD90 + cells exhibited higher amounts of P, S, Cl, K, and Ca, while the Cu and Zn exhibited more than CD146-. STRO1 - exhibited K and Cu. For both the pulp and the papilla, multipotent stem cells positive for all three markers were present.
CONCLUSIONS
Although they have been obtained from the same tooth and donor, as well as were grown, the populations derived from these two tissues have different growth morphology and kinetics. The biochemical differences show different metabolic patterns, reflecting in part the growth differences. Synchrotron radiation, dental stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, chemical composition.
PubMed: 34987718
DOI: 10.4317/jced.58819