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Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2022The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis in vitro and in vivo, that the glycoprotein Wnt6 can regulate human dental papilla cell differentiation by β-catenin...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis in vitro and in vivo, that the glycoprotein Wnt6 can regulate human dental papilla cell differentiation by β-catenin signaling.
DESIGN
The expression of Wnt6 was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Wnt6 stealth RNA was used to knockdown the expression of Wnt6. The Wnt canonical signaling was detected by immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and TOPflash/FOPflash dual-luciferase reporter assay. The differentiation was investigated by alkaline phosphatase staining or Alizarin Red staining after osteo/odontogenic medium culture and by Masson trichrome staining after subcutaneous transplantation. There are at least three samples in one group for each experiment.
RESULTS
Wnt6 protein and mRNA were high expressed in dental mesenchyme tissue and cells. In human dental papilla cells, Wnt6 over-expression could activate β-catenin dependent pathway, including β-catenin accumulation in cell nuclei, lymphoid enhancer factor 1 mRNA up-regulation, and enhanced β-catenin transcriptional activity. Wnt6 activated β-catenin pathway in a similar way to Wnt3a but at a lower level. Wnt6 inhibited human dental papilla cells differentiation as alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro, and promoted differentiation as mineralization after subcutaneous transplantation in vivo, as same trend as Wnt3a but at a lower level. The Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 treatment attenuated Wnt6- or Wnt3a-induced human dental papilla cells mineralization.
CONCLUSIONS
Wnt6 activated β-catenin dependent pathway and regulated human dental papilla cells differentiation. Potential mechanism of Wnt6-regulated cell differentiation is the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Dental Papilla; Glycoproteins; Humans; Osteogenesis; RNA, Messenger; Wnt Proteins; Wnt Signaling Pathway; beta Catenin
PubMed: 35691114
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105469 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Oct 2022To evaluate efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) in papilla reconstruction (PR) with the semilunar incision (SI) technique.
PURPOSE
To evaluate efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) in papilla reconstruction (PR) with the semilunar incision (SI) technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The analysis consisted of 55 sites (27 CTG and 28 PRF) from 20 patients who underwent PR with either PRF or CTG placed in the maxillary anterior region with SI technique. Baseline (BL) and follow-up (T , first month, T , third month, T , sixth month) clinical data including periodontal evaluations (gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival recession), papilla-associated recordings (alveolar crest-interdental contact point [AC-IC], alveolar crest-papilla tip [AC-PT], papilla tip-interdental contact point [PT-IC], papilla height loss [PHL], interdental tissue stroke [ITS] and papilla presence index [PPI]) and patient satisfaction were analyzed.
RESULTS
CTG provided better PR outcomes. GI, PI, and PD showed a slight increase at T and then, turned to their BL levels. The other periodontal parameters showed significant improvement after both treatment modalities. No inter-group difference was found except for KTW, which was in favor of CTG.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results, CTG is recommended over PRF in PR treatment due to its superior outcomes with less recurrence risk.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Connective tissue graft provides superior results than platelet-rich fibrin in papilla reconstruction with the semilunar incision technique.
Topics: Connective Tissue; Dental Papilla; Gingiva; Gingival Recession; Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35731089
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12937 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023The study of palatal rugae forms an important basis of human identification, especially due to mass disasters where routinely used techniques may not be helpful.
CONTEXT
The study of palatal rugae forms an important basis of human identification, especially due to mass disasters where routinely used techniques may not be helpful.
AIMS
This study aimed at evaluating the palatal rugae and incisive papilla on the basis of shape.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The study was conducted in 280 individuals (males and females) among dental students of Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 280 students from Dayananda Sagar College and out-patients from the orthodontics department. Pictures of rugae and the incisive papilla were taken from individuals aged 10-36 using a camera, mirror, and lighting. Two investigators analysed the shape of the rugae and incisive papilla using classification systems by Thomas and Kotze, and Ortman and Tsao, respectively.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0 software, and a significance level of ≤ 0.05 was used.
RESULTS
The results suggested that rugae showing a wavy shape were the most common pattern in both the genders. Significant differences were observed in the curved rugae type between males and females. In incisive papillae evaluation, the pear shape was the most common, with the triangular shape being the least common.
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that evaluation of palatal rugae along with the incisive papilla can be an important tool for identification of an individual and for evaluating various ethnic populations.
PubMed: 38304526
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_281_23 -
Journal of Dental Research Apr 2021WW domain-containing E3 Ub-protein ligase 2 (WWP2) belongs to the homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) E3 ligase family. It has been explored to regulate osteogenic...
WW domain-containing E3 Ub-protein ligase 2 (WWP2) belongs to the homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) E3 ligase family. It has been explored to regulate osteogenic differentiation, chondrogenesis, and palatogenesis. Odontoblasts are terminally differentiated mesenchymal cells, which contribute to dentin formation in tooth development. However, it remained unknown whether WWP2 participated in odontoblast differentiation. In this study, WWP2 was found to be expressed in mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs), odontoblasts, and odontoblastic-induced mDPCs by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Besides, WWP2 expression was decreased in the cytoplasm but increased in the nuclei of differentiation-induced mDPCs. When was knocked down, the elevated expression of odontoblast marker genes ( and ) in mDPCs induced by differentiation medium was suppressed. Meanwhile, a decrease of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed by ALP staining, and reduced formation of mineralized matrix nodules was demonstrated by Alizarin Red S staining. Overexpression of WWP2 presented opposite results to knockdown experiments, suggesting that WWP2 promoted odontoblastic differentiation of mDPCs. Further investigation found that WWP2 was coexpressed and interacted with KLF5 in the nuclei, leading to ubiquitination of KLF5. The PPPSY (PY2) motif of KLF5 was essential for its physical binding with WWP2. Also, cysteine 838 (Cys838) of WWP2 was the active site for ubiquitination of KLF5, which did not lead to proteolysis of KLF5. Then, KLF5 was confirmed to be monoubiquitinated and transactivated by WWP2, which promoted the expression of KLF5 downstream genes and . Deletion of the PY2 motif of KLF5 or mutation of Cys838 of WWP2 reduced the upregulation of and . Besides, lysine (K) residues K31, K52, K83, and K265 of KLF5 were verified to be crucial to WWP2-mediated KLF5 transactivation. Taken together, WWP2 promoted odontoblastic differentiation by monoubiquitinating KLF5.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Odontoblasts; Odontogenesis; Osteogenesis; Phosphoproteins; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 33164644
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520970866 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Mar 2018The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the tooth-implant papilla formation in correlation with the distance between the interproximal bone level and the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the tooth-implant papilla formation in correlation with the distance between the interproximal bone level and the prosthetic contact point.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A comprehensive search of the current literature (01/01/2000-01/01/2017) was performed to identify human trials that included 10 patients or more, with at least 12 months follow-up, in need of the replacement of one single tooth in the anterior maxillary region with an implant-supported single crown. To meet the inclusion criteria, studies had to provide both radiographic and clinical data regarding the distance between the interproximal bone level and the prosthetic contact point.
RESULTS
The search yielded 136 records. After evaluation of abstracts and full texts, 12 papers were included in the final review, even though various reference points, for the comparison between the vertical distance and the papilla height, were used. The vertical distance between the interproximal bone level and prosthetic contact point ranged between 2 and 11 mm, and the partial or complete papilla fill (Jemt's score 2-3) ranged between 56.5% and 100% of cases.
CONCLUSION
There is limited evidence that the vertical distance from the base of the interproximal contact point to the crestal bone level seems to affect the interproximal papilla height; that is, the lower is the distance the higher is the percentage of papilla fill. Complete embrasure fill between an implant restoration and the adjacent tooth seems to be correlated with the integrity of the periodontal ligament of the tooth. To reduce the risk of aesthetic failures, interproximal probing on the adjacent teeth should be encouraged before implant placement.
Topics: Alveolar Process; Crowns; Databases, Factual; Dental Abutments; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Dental Papilla; Dental Prosthesis Design; Esthetics, Dental; Gingiva; Humans; Maxilla; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Tooth
PubMed: 29498124
DOI: 10.1111/clr.13116 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2022Exosomes derived from stem cells, as an alternative to stem cells themselves, have been employed for dental pulp regeneration. However, it is not known whether exosomes...
PURPOSE
Exosomes derived from stem cells, as an alternative to stem cells themselves, have been employed for dental pulp regeneration. However, it is not known whether exosomes can recruit host cells to the regeneration process. In this study, we built a "cell homing" model to determine whether exosomes derived from dental pulp tissue (DPT-exos) can regenerate dental pulp by recruiting the stem cells from the apical dental papilla (SCAPs).
METHODS
Exosomes were isolated from the dental pulp tissue (DPT-exos) and dental pulp stem cells (DPC-exos) of swine. The effects of the exosomes on SCAPs were compared using CKK-8, Transwell, angiogenesis, and odontogenic induction assays. DPT-exos and DPC-exos were investigated in an in vivo "cell homing" model using swine teeth to compare their roles in pulp regeneration. To build the model, we placed SCAP-containing collagen gel at the root tip and filled the cavity of the treated dental matrix (TDM) with DPT-exos and DPC-exos-laden scaffolds, which would be expected to recruit SCAPs to the pulp cavity. The complex was then implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient nude mice. After eight weeks, tissue samples were taken and analyzed histologically to determine whether the DPT-exos contributed to pulp regeneration through "cell homing".
RESULTS
Exosomes were successfully extracted from dental pulp tissue and confirmed to be exosomes. In vitro tests confirmed that DPT-exos performed better than DPC-exos in promoting the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of SCAPs. Furthermore, DPT-exos recruited SCAPs to regenerate dental pulp-like connective tissue in vivo containing collagen, odontoblasts, and enriched predentin-like tissue. Blood vessel growth was demonstrated by immunofluorescence.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated the ability of DPT-exos to induce SCAPs to regenerate connective tissue similar to natural dental pulp. This technique has the potential for treating pulp deficiency caused by various pulp diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Exosomes; Mice; Mice, Nude; Regeneration; Swine
PubMed: 35125868
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S342685 -
Acta Stomatologica Croatica Dec 2019The aim this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla between implants adjacent to the teeth or other...
AIM
The aim this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla between implants adjacent to the teeth or other implants, through clinical and radiographic evaluation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The non-probabilistic sample comprised 44 patients of both genders aged between 21 and 68 years, rehabilitated with 114 osseointegrated implants. Through a retrospective clinical study, the patients were divided according to the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla: Group 1 - Absence of Papilla, Group 2 - Partial Presence of Papilla and Group 3 - Total Presence of Papilla. The success of the implants, the periodontal biotype, and the vertical and horizontal distances of the interproximal regions included in the study were evaluated.
RESULTS
Of the 114 implants, 46.5% were considered unsuccessful, and bleeding was present in 29.8%. The periodontal biotype presented as thin and scalloped was found in 85.1% of the regions. The evaluation of the groups according to the confirmation of the interproximal space showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.007), with 61.9% of the wide and long interproximal spaces classified as Group 1, while 31% of the narrow and short interproximal spaces were classified as Group 3.
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that the morphology of the interproximal space was the factor that was most strongly associated with the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla.
PubMed: 32099259
DOI: 10.15644/asc53/4/4 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2019This study was conducted to identify the morphometric features of the hard palate and to test the reliability of using palatal morphology in sex determination. Three...
This study was conducted to identify the morphometric features of the hard palate and to test the reliability of using palatal morphology in sex determination. Three hundred maxillary casts were collected from dental clinics in north Jordan. The age and gender of the patient and the serial number for each cast were recorded. The age range was 6 to 50 years old. A caliper was used to perform the following measurements: the length, width, and depth of the hard palate. In addition, the size, shape, and position of the incisive papilla were also determined. All measurements were done by a trained examiner who was able to perform the measurements in a reproducible manner. Statistical analysis showed that the mean palatal length, width, and depth, and size of dental papilla in both groups were the highest in males. The full logistic regression model including all the three predictors (length, width, and depth) indicated that the three parameters were significantly correlated with gender in the adult group. However, in the child group, only width and length were significantly (=0.001, > 0.042 respectively) correlated with gender. Regarding the shape and size of the incisive papilla, they were significantly different between males and females in both adult ( > 0.03) and child (=0.001) groups. These findings might be potentially relevant to anthropological studies aiming at individual and/or sex identification. Moreover, the results might have clinical value in prosthodontics, especially in fabricating complete maxillary dentures for edentulous patients.
PubMed: 30809259
DOI: 10.1155/2019/1687345 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Dec 2019The aim of the present study was (a) to evaluate the relationship between dental implant mucosa and dental implant papilla levels; and (b) to identify the clinical...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was (a) to evaluate the relationship between dental implant mucosa and dental implant papilla levels; and (b) to identify the clinical parameters associated with peri-implant soft tissue stability over time.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective study on a cohort of patients seeking a single-tooth implant therapy in a private practice in the Paris area. Two independent examiners analyzed photographs and radiographs taken the day of definitive crown load (baseline) and the last follow-up visit (at least 12 months later) in order to measure four peri-implant soft and hard tissue parameters.
RESULTS
Seventy-four patients corresponding to 90 implants were analyzed. During a mean follow-up of 53.88 months, five implants (5.6%) presented with an apical displacement of the mid-facial marginal mucosal level of at least 1 mm. Changes in the mid-facial mucosa level were explained by changes in (a) the keratinized tissue height over time (p < .0001); (b) changes in the papilla height (p < .0001); and (c) by the periodontal phenotype (p = .007). A significant difference between papillae that gain in height (n = 85) and papilla that lost height (n = 78) was observed concerning (a) the timing of the implant placement (p = .019); and (b) the presence of an incomplete papilla fill (distance from the top of the papilla to the contact point) at baseline (p = .004).
CONCLUSIONS
The present findings indicate a dependent association between dental implant mucosa and dental implant papilla levels. Stability of peri-implant soft tissues depends on periodontal phenotype, keratinized tissue height and papilla height.
Topics: Crowns; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Esthetics; Esthetics, Dental; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31520485
DOI: 10.1111/clr.13536 -
PloS One 2017Teneurins are transmembrane proteins consisting of four paralogues (Ten-1-4), notably expressed in the central nervous system during development. All teneurins contain a...
Teneurins are transmembrane proteins consisting of four paralogues (Ten-1-4), notably expressed in the central nervous system during development. All teneurins contain a bioactive peptide in their carboxyl terminal named teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP). The present study analyzed the detailed distribution of teneurin-2-like immunoreactive (Ten-2-LI) cells in developing and mature rat molar teeth, as well as in mature human dental pulps. Ten-2 and TCAP-2 genic expressions were also evaluated in rat and human dental pulps. Finally, Ten-2-LI cells were analyzed during the repair process after dentin-pulp complex injury in rat lower molar teeth. For this, histological sections of rat molar teeth and human dental pulps were submitted to immunohistochemical techniques, while total RNA from developing rat teeth and mature human dental pulps were submitted to conventional RT-PCR. Ten-2-LI cells were evident in the initial bell stage of rat molar teeth development, especially in ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla. Ten-2-LI odontoblasts showed strong immunoreactivity in rat and human mature teeth. Ten-2 and TCAP-2 genic expressions were confirmed in rat and human dental pulps. Dentin-pulp complex injury resulted in a decrease of Ten-2-LI odontoblasts after traumatic injury. Interestingly, Ten-2-LI cells were also evident in the pulp cell-rich zone in all postoperative days. In conclusion, Ten-2-LI presence in rat and human odontoblasts was demonstrated for the first time and Ten-2/TCAP-2 genic expressions were confirmed in rat and human dental pulps. Furthermore, it was revealed that Ten-2-LI rat odontoblasts can be modulated during the regenerative process.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Molar; Molar, Third; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Odontoblasts; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 28926618
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184794