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British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Oct 2021Retinal detachments are a potentially sight-threatening ophthalmic emergency that may result in significant, irreversible vision loss. The risk of developing retinal...
Retinal detachments are a potentially sight-threatening ophthalmic emergency that may result in significant, irreversible vision loss. The risk of developing retinal detachment increases with advancing age, myopia and trauma. Pre-existing retinal degenerations can precipitate a pre-detachment symptomatic period of photopsia or floaters, allowing clinicians to intervene early and prevent detachments. Novel imaging techniques, such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and well-established topographic modalities, such as B scan, can help to elucidate the type of detachment and any underlying causes, and help with surgical management. The overarching goal of treatment is to identify and seal all retinal holes, relieve vitreoretinal traction and prevent further recurrence. Prompt prophylactic retinopexy of retinal holes and tears is crucial in preventing retinal detachment, the main treatments of which are pars plana vitrectomy, tamponading agents and silicone scleral buckle.
Topics: Humans; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Scleral Buckling; Treatment Outcome; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 34726948
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2021.0145 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Sep 2023The central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous retinal detachments SRD associated with one or several retinal pigment epithelium... (Review)
Review
The central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous retinal detachments SRD associated with one or several retinal pigment epithelium detachments/irregularities (PEDs). The choroid is thickened with dilated choroidal veins and choroidal hyperpermeability suggesting an underlying choroidopathy. CSCR belongs to the pachychoroid spectrum. CSCR affects mostly middle-aged men and the main risk factor is the corticosteroid intake. In most cases, the subretinal detachment resolves spontaneously with a good visual prognosis. However, recurrent or chronic form of the disease can lead to irreversible retinal damage and decreased visual acuity. Laser on an extra foveal leak point or half dose/half fluence photodynamic therapy are the first-line treatment options.
Topics: Middle Aged; Male; Humans; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Chronic Disease; Fluorescein Angiography; Retinal Detachment; Retina; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37277234
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.02.003 -
Seminars in Ophthalmology 2018Scleral buckling has an important role in the repair of certain categories of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. These include detachments in young phakic patients,... (Review)
Review
Scleral buckling has an important role in the repair of certain categories of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. These include detachments in young phakic patients, detachments associated with dialysis, and also in conjuction with vitrectomy in patients who have sustained trauma or have developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy. However, it can be associated with significant postoperative complications. The most important ones are refractive change, intrusion or extrusion, infection, globe ischemia, and choroidal detachments, amongst others. Careful planning, appropriate patient selection, and good intraoperative technique can reduce the rate of these complications.
Topics: Humans; Postoperative Complications; Retinal Detachment; Scleral Buckling; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 29185844
DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1353816 -
Frontiers in Robotics and AI 2021Collaborative robots promise to add flexibility to production cells thanks to the fact that they can work not only humans but also humans. The possibility of a direct...
Collaborative robots promise to add flexibility to production cells thanks to the fact that they can work not only humans but also humans. The possibility of a direct physical interaction between humans and robots allows to perform operations that were inconceivable with industrial robots. Collaborative soft grippers have been recently introduced to extend this possibility beyond the robot end-effector, making humans able to directly act on robotic hands. In this work, we propose to exploit collaborative grippers in a novel paradigm in which these devices can be easily attached and detached from the robot arm and used also independently from it. This is possible only with self-powered hands, that are still quite uncommon in the market. In the presented paradigm not only hands can be attached/detached to/from the robot end-effector as if they were simple tools, but they can also remain active and fully functional after detachment. This ensures all the advantages brought in by tool changers, that allow for quick and possibly automatic tool exchange at the robot end-effector, but also gives the possibility of using the hand capabilities and degrees of freedom without the need of an arm or of external power supplies. In this paper, the concept of is introduced and demonstrated through two illustrative tasks conducted with a new tool changer designed for collaborative grippers. The novel tool changer embeds electromagnets that are used to add safety during attach/detach operations. The activation of the electromagnets is controlled through a wearable interface capable of providing tactile feedback. The usability of the system is confirmed by the evaluations of 12 users.
PubMed: 34222348
DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.644532 -
Ophthalmology Sep 2019
Topics: Child; Humans; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations
PubMed: 31443787
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.022 -
Praxis Aug 2015Acute vision loss, a painful eye, or a red/pink eye are typical symptoms of an ophthalmic emergency. Ascertain a thorough medical history concerning type, duration, and... (Review)
Review
Acute vision loss, a painful eye, or a red/pink eye are typical symptoms of an ophthalmic emergency. Ascertain a thorough medical history concerning type, duration, and location of visual loss to point out the etiology of the disease. With simple diagnostic tools the differential diagnosis can be narrowed down even by non-ophthalmologists. This first differential diagnosis shows how urgent the patient has to be referred to an ophthalmologist.
Topics: Conjunctivitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergencies; Eye Diseases; Eye Pain; Humans; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 26242419
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002087 -
Disease-a-month : DM May 2021Tractional retinal detachments (TRD) occur as a consequence of various retinal pathologies but is most commonly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).... (Review)
Review
Tractional retinal detachments (TRD) occur as a consequence of various retinal pathologies but is most commonly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Monitoring for diabetic eye disease and early identification of TRD are crucial for preventing vision loss.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Male; Retinal Detachment; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 33516570
DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101142 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2021To investigate local cell death differences in the attached and detached retina at different regions in a murine experimental retinal detachment model. Subretinal...
To investigate local cell death differences in the attached and detached retina at different regions in a murine experimental retinal detachment model. Subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate was performed in eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice. Retinal regions of interest were defined in relation to their distance from the peak of the retinal detachment, as follows: (1) attached central; (2) attached paracentral; (3) detached apex; and (4) detached base. At day 0, the outer nuclear layer cell count for the attached central, attached paracentral, detached apex, and detached base was 1247.60 ± 64.62, 1157.80 ± 163.33, 1264.00 ± 150.7, and 1013.80 ± 67.16 cells, respectively. There were significant differences between the detached base vs. attached central, and between detached base vs. detached apex at day 0. The detached apex region displayed a significant and progressive cell count reduction from day 0 to 14. In contrast, the detached base region did not show progressive retinal degeneration in this model. Moreover, only the detached apex region had a significant and progressive cell death rate compared to baseline. Immediate confounding changes with dramatic differences in cell death rates are present across regions of the detached retina. We speculate that mechanical and regional differences in the bullous detached retina can modify the rate of cell death in this model.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Retinal Detachment
PubMed: 34552137
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97947-4 -
Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology 2018In this review, we present a concise summary of the more commonly seen types of retinal detachments (RDs) that one can encounter in pediatric patients. A spectrum of... (Review)
Review
In this review, we present a concise summary of the more commonly seen types of retinal detachments (RDs) that one can encounter in pediatric patients. A spectrum of diseases from rhegmatogenous RD in Stickler syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and choroidal coloboma to exudative RD in Coats disease, to tractional RD in persistent fetal vasculature, and combined RDs in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy are described with the management pearls for each.
PubMed: 30637194
DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_104_18 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Mar 2019Choroidal detachments occur when there is an accumulation of fluid or blood in the suprachoroidal space, a potential space situated between the choroid and the sclera.... (Review)
Review
Choroidal detachments occur when there is an accumulation of fluid or blood in the suprachoroidal space, a potential space situated between the choroid and the sclera. They are an uncommon ocular pathology. The most common cause of choroidal detachment is secondary to trabeculectomy; however, there are other causes such as trauma and inflammation. Clinically, choroidal detachments may vary in presentation from asymptomatic, to very poor vision, severe ocular pain, vomiting and nausea. Ocular findings associated with choroidal detachments include serous retinal detachment, secondary angle closure, and a very shallow anterior chamber. Optometrists, as primary eye care providers, need to be aware of the clinical signs and symptoms associated with choroidal detachments and ensure that appropriate and timely management, with a referral to an ophthalmologist, is instigated for optimal visual outcomes. In this review, the pathophysiology, detection, and associated risk factors for choroidal detachments are discussed, and evidence-based management recommendations in an optometric context are provided. The characteristics and management of uveal effusion syndrome are also reviewed, as this can cause idiopathic exudative choroidal detachments distinct from classical choroidal detachment.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Choroid; Choroidal Effusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Multimodal Imaging; Risk Factors; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Trabeculectomy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29971817
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12807