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American Journal of Speech-language... May 2017Individuals with severe disabilities are a diverse group of learners with complex communication needs. This article presents a synthesis of the literature addressing the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Individuals with severe disabilities are a diverse group of learners with complex communication needs. This article presents a synthesis of the literature addressing the five strategies of the trifocus framework, with its triadic structure of learner with disability, communication partner, and environment. The application of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) to the implementation of trifocus framework communication strategies is emphasized.
METHOD
A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and EBSCO to identify literature and research studies on IPCP and communication intervention for learners with severe disabilities, published 1994-2015, and then organized within the trifocus framework. The trifocus strategies are enhancing sensitivity, utilizing routines, increasing communication opportunities, modifying the communication environment, and augmenting input. Studies that included at least one participant with severe disabilities and their communication partners were considered. A secondary search was then conducted by reviewing the articles referenced in the original articles.
CONCLUSION
Effective IPCP in communication intervention considers the learner's characteristics, the knowledge and skills required of communication partners, and effective environmental arrangements to support communication. Future research should include clear participant descriptions, documentation of fidelity measures, and evidence of generalization to support professionals to know when findings are relevant to the individuals they serve.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Communication Aids for Disabled; Communication Disorders; Communication Methods, Total; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Intersectoral Collaboration; Patient Care Team; Professional-Patient Relations; Social Environment; Speech-Language Pathology
PubMed: 28514472
DOI: 10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0063 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2020Despite the ability to and interest in work, people with disabilities are employed at significantly lower rates than nondisabled people. Employment disparities highlight...
BACKGROUND
Despite the ability to and interest in work, people with disabilities are employed at significantly lower rates than nondisabled people. Employment disparities highlight persistent social and cultural stereotypes that equate disability with unemployability.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between employment of people with disabilities and disability prejudice in the United States. This study had the following research question: how does disability prejudice impact state disability employment rates?
METHODS
To explore these questions, we used secondary data about state disability employment (2016), as well as disability prejudice data from 270,000 nondisabled people residing in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
RESULTS
Findings from this study revealed states with higher disability prejudice scores have lower disability employment rates, suggesting employment disparities are intertwined with disability prejudice.
CONCLUSIONS
Cultures and systems must be rid of harmful disability stereotypes to ensure people with disabilities can truly partake in their human and civil rights.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Employment; Humans; Prejudice; United States
PubMed: 32116277
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203113 -
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Mar 2017This article provides an overview of definitions and assessment instruments of disability, an important topic in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic illnesses, and in... (Review)
Review
This article provides an overview of definitions and assessment instruments of disability, an important topic in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic illnesses, and in expert appraisals in social and forensic medicine. Health problems are manifested not only in symptoms, but also regularly in impairment or disability in everyday life, which is especially true for mental disorders. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization, disability can be understood as chronic suffering from symptoms of illness, or limitations of executing capacities, or inability to participate in selected areas of life. Operationally, disability can be defined as "capacity limitations which hinder the ability to execute needed activities and thereby participation in a given environment". This capacity-context-interaction model shows that there is no general disability but only context-related disability, which has manifold consequences for diagnosis and care. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Mental Disorders; World Health Organization
PubMed: 28295575
DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2283 -
Advances in Health Sciences Education :... May 2024How medical students, their teachers, and school administrators understand disability appears connected to ongoing, unequal access to medical education for disabled...
How medical students, their teachers, and school administrators understand disability appears connected to ongoing, unequal access to medical education for disabled people. The stigmatization of disability within medical education affects students' disability disclosures, yet few studies have explored how understandings of disability influence inclusion practices beyond individual student actions. This paper develops the concept of legibility, derived from a constructivist grounded theory study that examined disability inclusion at four U.S. medical schools through interviews with 19 disabled students and 27 school officials (faculty and administrators). With two dimensions (recognition and assessment of possibility), legibility demonstrates that knowing disability is relational, contextual, and equivocal. Drawing from the field of disability studies, the paper argues that the current paradigm of disability inclusion demands that students' disability experiences be highly legible to themselves and others, yet increased legibility comes with potential risk due to prevalent ableism. While individual interactions can shift understandings of disability towards greater inclusivity, systemic action that embeds liberating discourses of disability into medical education is needed.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Grounded Theory; Students, Medical; Male; Female; Education, Medical; United States; Interviews as Topic; Adult
PubMed: 37479819
DOI: 10.1007/s10459-023-10268-1 -
Disability and Rehabilitation May 2017To identify the characteristics of peer-reviewed literature on citizenship and disability published in English from 1985 to 2015. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To identify the characteristics of peer-reviewed literature on citizenship and disability published in English from 1985 to 2015.
METHOD
A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Several databases were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles including the terms citizenship and disability, impairment or handicap in their abstract or title; published between 1985 and 2015; in English.
RESULTS
A total of 295 articles were included. Key findings are (1) the number of articles about disability and citizenship increased dramatically over the past three decades, (2) the meaning of citizenship is often left undiscussed, (3) citizenship is more often discussed in terms of access to social rights and less so in regards to contributions to society and participation in family life, technology and culture, (4) disabled people tend to be represented as a homogeneous category, (5) most studies are qualitative and non-participatory.
CONCLUSIONS
To broaden knowledge about the situation, membership and participation of persons with disabilities in society, further research should develop the conceptual use of citizenship in relation to disability, explore different research designs, investigate various citizenship sectors and take into account the complexity of personal and social situations of persons with disabilities. Implications for Rehabilitation The notion of citizenship is closely related to the goals of rehabilitation as it touches upon issues of membership and participation in society; Understanding the multiple dimensions of citizenship will help practitioners to design and improve rehabilitation treatments and connect these not only to social citizenship rights but also to the various social roles and contributions of persons with disabilities; A better understanding of the complex relationship between citizenship and disability on the part of practitioners is crucial since strategies and policy documents about persons with disabilities often mention citizenship.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Goals; Humans; Patient Rights; Social Participation
PubMed: 27174712
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2016.1172674 -
European Journal of Physical and... Feb 2015
The Global Disability Action Plan 2014-2021 of the World Health Organisation (WHO): a major step towards better health for all people with disabilities. Chance and challenge for Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM).
Topics: Disabled Persons; Global Health; Humans; World Health Organization
PubMed: 25634235
DOI: No ID Found -
Disability and Rehabilitation Aug 2019Many youths with disabilities find it challenging to disclose their medical condition and request workplace accommodations. Our objective was to explore when and how...
Many youths with disabilities find it challenging to disclose their medical condition and request workplace accommodations. Our objective was to explore when and how young people with disabilities disclose their condition and request workplace accommodations. We conducted 17 in-depth interviews (11 females, six males) with youth with disabilities aged 15-34 (mean age 26). We analyzed our data using an interpretive, qualitative, and thematic approach. Our results showed the timing of when youth disclosed their disability to their employer depended on disability type and severity, comfort level, type of job, and industry. Youth's strategies and reasons for disclosure included advocating for their needs, being knowledgeable about workplace rights, and accommodation solutions. Facilitators for disclosure included job preparation, self-confidence, and self-advocacy skills, and having an inclusive work environment. Challenges to disability disclosure included the fear of stigma and discrimination, lack of employer's knowledge about disability and accommodations, negative past experiences of disclosing, and not disclosing on your own terms. Our findings highlight that youth encounter several challenges and barriers to disclosing their condition and requesting workplace accommodations. The timing and process for disclosing is complex and further work is needed to help support youth with disclosing their condition. Implications for rehabilitation Clinicians, educators, and employers should emphasize the importance of mentoring and leadership programs to give youth the confidence and self-advocacy skills needed to disclose and ask for accommodations in the workplace. Clinicians should advocate for the inclusion of youth with disabilities in the workforce and educate employers on the importance of doing so. Youth with disabilities need more opportunities for employment training and particularly how to disclose their disability and request workplace accommodations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Communication Barriers; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Disclosure; Employment, Supported; Female; Humans; Male; Needs Assessment; Self-Assessment; Social Skills; Social Stigma; Workplace
PubMed: 29558221
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1451926 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2019Accuracy in measuring function related to one's ability to work is central to public confidence in a work disability benefits system. In the United States, national...
Accuracy in measuring function related to one's ability to work is central to public confidence in a work disability benefits system. In the United States, national disability programs are challenged to adjudicate millions of work disability claims each year in a timely and accurate manner. The Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery (WD-FAB) was developed to provide work disability agencies and other interested parties a comprehensive and efficient approach to profiling a person's function related to their ability to work. The WD-FAB is grounded by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health conceptual framework.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Mental Health; Motor Activity; Return to Work; United States; Work Capacity Evaluation
PubMed: 31227131
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.03.004 -
Disability and Health Journal Apr 2019The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is changing the annual inclusion of standardized disability identifiers, reinvigorating the priority to examine existing... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is changing the annual inclusion of standardized disability identifiers, reinvigorating the priority to examine existing disability question sets. These sets include questions developed by the United States (U.S.) National Center for Health Statistics in conjunction with the U.S. Census Bureau (the American Community Survey questions, ACS) and United Nations (the Washington Group Short Set questions, WGSS), that are policy relevant, comparable across populations, and short enough to be included in censuses and surveys across countries.
OBJECTIVE
To compare disability prevalence estimates from federal and international standardized disability questions across demographic factors.
METHODS
Bivariate analysis of disability question sets asking adults about vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, and self-care difficulties and demographic factors using secondary data from supplements in the 2010 and 2013-2015 NHIS.
RESULTS
Our study found substantial and statistically significant differences in the percentage of disabilities (overall and by type) based on comparable ACS and WGSS questions across demographic categories. Dependent on response coding, WGSS-based disability prevalence was consistently and significantly larger or smaller than ACS-based disability prevalence. Overall disability prevalence using ACS and two different WGSS response combinations were 16.3% and 9.2% or 39.4%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
ACS and WGSS measures identify predictably different sized populations of adults with disabilities. Further, with some exceptions, ACS and WGSS questions identify populations with disabilities with relatively consistent demographic factors. Additional research is recommended to understand the comparability of disability prevalence and health disparities and inequities people with disabilities experience when using these measures.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; International Agencies; Male; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 30268508
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.08.008 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Oct 2022The aim of this systematic review was to identify models of community disability, rehabilitation and lifestyle service delivery in non-metropolitan areas of Australia,...
PURPOSE
The aim of this systematic review was to identify models of community disability, rehabilitation and lifestyle service delivery in non-metropolitan areas of Australia, and to describe these models through an Integrated People-Centred Health Services (IPCHS) lens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We identified peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and June 2021 that met the following criteria: described or evaluated a community service delivery model, intervention or program in regional, rural or remote Australia; provided for people with a disability or a potentially disabling health condition. A scoring rubric was developed covering the five IPCHS strategies.
RESULTS
Nineteen studies were included in the review. We identified a range of service delivery models providing support to people with a range of disabilities or conditions. We report evidence of the use of the IPCHS strategies in ways relevant to the local context.
DISCUSSION
Several strengths emerged, with many services tailored to individual need, and significant community engagement. Innovative rural service delivery approaches were also identified. Key areas requiring action included improved coordination or integration within and across professions and sectors. There was limited evidence of co-production of solutions or participatory governance. While people-centred approaches show promise to improve community-based services, large-scale fundamental change is required.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCommunity-based disability and rehabilitation services in rural and remote Australia performed well at delivering tailored care and engaging in community consultation.These services must urgently implement strategies to enhance community ownership of solutions and participatory governance.Services must place a greater focus on explicit strategies to integrate and coordinate across services and professions, and to create an enabling environment, to deliver people-centred care.The World Health Organisation Integrated People-Centred Health Services framework provides an important roadmap to improving service delivery in rural and remote Australian communities.
Topics: Australia; Delivery of Health Care; Disabled Persons; Humans; Life Style; Rural Health Services; Rural Population
PubMed: 34433373
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1962992