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Nutrients Aug 2022Circulating fatty acids may affect thrombosis but epidemiological data on the associations between fatty acids and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are limited and...
Circulating fatty acids may affect thrombosis but epidemiological data on the associations between fatty acids and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are limited and conflicting. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to examine the causal associations of 10 circulating fatty acids with VTE risk. Genetic variants strongly associated with ten fatty acids and without linkage disequilibrium were selected as instrumental variables from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium. Genetic associations for VTE and its subtypes were obtained from the International Network Against Venous Thrombosis Consortium (30,234 cases and 172,122 controls) and the FinnGen study (11,288 VTE cases and 254,771 controls). Estimates from the two data sources were combined. Per standard deviation increase in genetically predicted fatty acid levels, the combined odds ratio (OR) of VTE was 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-0.92) for α-linolenic acid, 0.92 (95% CI 0.90-0.95) for linoleic acid, 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.92) for palmitoleic acid, 0.77 (95% CI 0.77-0.84) for oleic acid, 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.23) for eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.10 (95% CI 1.06-1.14) for docosapentaenoic acid, 1.06 (95% CI 1.04-1.08) for arachidonic acid, and 1.19 (95% CI 1.11-1.28) for stearic acid. Genetically predicted levels of docosahexaenoic acid or palmitoleic acid were not associated with VTE risk. Four and eight out of ten genetically predicted fatty acid levels were associated with risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, respectively. This study suggests that strategies targeting at fatty acids may act as prevention approaches for VTE.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Phospholipids; Risk Factors; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 36014859
DOI: 10.3390/nu14163354 -
Nutrients Oct 2022-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3PUFA) are regarded as viable alternatives to aid the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Most research focuses on eicosapentaenoic...
-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3PUFA) are regarded as viable alternatives to aid the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Most research focuses on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); little information is available about the effect of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) on the gut microbiota and their metabolism in UC mice. In this study, the changes in gut microbiota and their metabolism in UC mice were studied through the 16S rRNA sequencing method and untargeted metabolomics. Moreover, the differential bacterial genus and differential metabolites in responding to DPA supplementation were screened through permutation test after orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results indicated that DPA supplementation increased the diversity and altered the composition of the gut microbiota in UC mice; , , , and were selected as the differential bacterial genus. Supplementation of DPA also altered the fecal metabolite profile in the UC mice. Moreover, butyrate, -carbamylglutamate (NCG), and histamine were screened as the differential metabolites. In conclusion, the regulation effect of DPA on the gut microbiota and their metabolism might be involved in the intervention mechanism of DPA in UC. More research needs to be carried out to elucidate the mechanism systematically.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Butyrates; Colitis, Ulcerative; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Histamine; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36235856
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194204 -
PloS One 2023Factors for initiating hibernation are unknown, but the condition shares some metabolic similarities with consciousness/sleep, which has been associated with n-3 fatty...
Factors for initiating hibernation are unknown, but the condition shares some metabolic similarities with consciousness/sleep, which has been associated with n-3 fatty acids in humans. We investigated plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles during hibernation and summer in free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) and in captive garden dormice (Eliomys quercinus) contrasting in their hibernation patterns. The dormice received three different dietary fatty acid concentrations of linoleic acid (LA) (19%, 36% and 53%), with correspondingly decreased alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (32%, 17% and 1.4%). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids showed small differences between summer and hibernation in both species. The dormice diet influenced n-6 fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations in plasma phospholipids. Consistent differences between summer and hibernation in bears and dormice were decreased ALA and EPA and marked increase of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and a minor increase of docosahexaenoic acid in parallel with several hundred percent increase of the activity index of elongase ELOVL2 transforming C20-22 fatty acids. The highest LA supply was unexpectantly associated with the highest transformation of the n-3 fatty acids. Similar fatty acid patterns in two contrasting hibernating species indicates a link to the hibernation phenotype and requires further studies in relation to consciousness and metabolism.
Topics: Animals; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Linoleic Acid; Myoxidae; Phospholipids; Ursidae; Hibernation
PubMed: 37294822
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285782 -
Journal of the American Heart... Jun 2023Background Previous randomized control trials showed mixed results concerning the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) on atrial fibrillation (AF). The associations...
Background Previous randomized control trials showed mixed results concerning the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) on atrial fibrillation (AF). The associations of n-3 FA blood levels with heart rhythm in patients with established AF are unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the associations of total and individual n-3 FA blood levels with AF type (paroxysmal versus nonparoxysmal), heart rate (HR), and HR variability in patients with AF. Methods and Results Total n-3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid blood levels were determined in 1969 patients with known AF from the SWISS-AF (Swiss Atrial Fibrillation cohort). Individual and total n-3 FAs were correlated with type of AF, HR, and HR variability using standard logistic and linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders. Only a mild association with nonparoxysmal AF was found with total n-3 FA (odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.89-1.05]) and docosahexaenoic acid (OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.82-1.06]), whereas other individual n-3 FAs showed no association with nonparoxysmal AF. Higher total n-3 FAs (estimate 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98-1.00]) and higher docosahexaenoic acid (0.99 [95% CI, 0.97-1.00]) tended to be associated with slower HR in multivariate analysis. Docosapentaenoic acid was associated with a lower HR variability triangular index (0.94 [95% CI, 0.89-0.99]). Conclusions We found no strong evidence for an association of n-3 FA blood levels with AF type, but higher total n-3 FA levels and docosahexaenoic acid might correlate with lower HR, and docosapentaenoic acid with a lower HR variability triangular index.
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Follow-Up Studies; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Heart Rate
PubMed: 37259986
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.122.027646 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Sep 2022Transgenerational effects of certain nutrients such as essential fatty acids are gaining increased attention in the field of human medicine and animal sciences as a new... (Review)
Review
Transgenerational effects of certain nutrients such as essential fatty acids are gaining increased attention in the field of human medicine and animal sciences as a new tool to improve health and animal performance during perinatal life. Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids are denoted by the position of the first double bond from methyl end of the hydrocarbon chain. Alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) are essential n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and cannot be synthesized by the vertebrates including chickens. Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are the parent fatty acids of long chain (> 20-22C) n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3, EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3/or 22:5 n-6, DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6). As components of cell membrane phospholipids, PUFA serves as precursors of eicosanoids, act as ligands for membrane receptors and transcription factors that regulate gene expression and are pivotal for normal chick growth and development. Considering the role of egg lipids as the sole source of essential fatty acids to the hatchling, dietary deficiencies or inadequate in ovo supply may have repercussions in tissue PUFA incorporation, lipid metabolism, chick growth and development during pre and early post-hatch period. This review focus on studies showing how maternal dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids can lead to remodeling of long chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the hatching egg and progeny chick tissue phospholipid molecular species and its impact on chick growth and PUFA metabolism during early life.
PubMed: 36117183
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00757-5 -
Biochimie Apr 2019The n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) is less studied n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), compared to its counterparts eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and... (Review)
Review
The n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) is less studied n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), compared to its counterparts eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Present in food sources in non-negligible quantities, as well as in human milk, dietary n-3 DPA is of current interest both for its ability to increase EPA and DHA tissue status and for its specific or shared biological effects. Indeed, some evidence showed that dietary n-3 DPA is a source of EPA and slightly DHA in the major metabolic organs. n-3 DPA is also the precursor of a large panel of lipid mediators (protectins, resolvins, maresins, isoprostanes) principally implicated in the pro-resolution of the inflammation with specific effects compared to the other n-3 LCPUFA. Recent results showed that n-3 DPA is implied in the improvement of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers, especially plasma lipid parameters, platelet aggregation, insulin sensitivity and cellular plasticity. Moreover, n-3 DPA is the most abundant n-3 LCPUFA in the brain after DHA and it could be specifically beneficial for elderly neuroprotection, and early-life development. These results led to the development of two drugs specifically containing n-3 DPA. This review summarizes the different knowledge about n-3 DPA direct and indirect sources, availability and purification methods, focusing thereafter on the recent findings showing n-3 DPA relationship with fatty acid metabolism, lipid mediators, Finally, the n-3 DPA biological and pharmacological effects are described.
Topics: Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans
PubMed: 30716358
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.022 -
Plant Biotechnology Journal Jan 2022
Topics: Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Mustard Plant
PubMed: 34694688
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13739 -
Progress in Lipid Research Oct 2016Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid and the substrate for the synthesis of longer-chain, more unsaturated ω-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid... (Review)
Review
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid and the substrate for the synthesis of longer-chain, more unsaturated ω-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA are associated with human health benefits. The primary source of EPA and DHA is seafood. There is a need for sustainable sources of biologically active ω-3 fatty acids. Certain plants contain high concentrations of ALA and stearidonic acid (SDA). Here we review the literature on the metabolism of ALA and SDA in humans, the impact of increased ALA and SDA consumption on concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood and cell lipid pools, and the extent to which ALA and SDA might have health benefits. Although it is generally considered that humans have limited capacity for conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA, sex differences in conversion to DHA have been identified. If conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is limited, then ALA may have a smaller health benefit than EPA and DHA. SDA is more readily converted to EPA and appears to offer better potential for health improvement than ALA. However, conversion of both ALA and SDA to DHA is limited in most humans.
Topics: Diet; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; Plants; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 27496755
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.07.002 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2023Many studies have investigated the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as their potential for lowering lipid levels and reducing diabetes risk....
Many studies have investigated the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as their potential for lowering lipid levels and reducing diabetes risk. However, few studies have specifically examined docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with limited availability in its pure form. We hypothesized that DPA would have lipid-lowering effects and improve insulin resistance in KK/Ta mice. To test our hypothesis, 7-week-old KK/Ta mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity before being divided into 3 groups and fed an experimental diet for 10 weeks. The experimental diets were: LSO, using lard and safflower oil as fat sources; SO, in which lard in the LSO diet was replaced with safflower oil; and DPA, in which lard in the LSO diet was replaced with DPA oil. After 10 weeks, plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in the DPA group, but not in the SO group. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 gene expressions involved in fatty acid synthesis in the liver were significantly lower in the DPA group compared with the LSO group. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly decreased in both the SO group and the DPA group compared with the LSO group, whereas plasma insulin concentrations were significantly decreased in the DPA group alone. These results indicate that DPA has plasma lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic effects, possibly from suppression of fatty acid synthesis in the liver.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Blood Glucose; Safflower Oil; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus; Liver; Lipid Metabolism
PubMed: 37660501
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.08.004 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Aug 2018As currently defined, the Omega-3 Index comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but not docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in erythrocytes. In...
As currently defined, the Omega-3 Index comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but not docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in erythrocytes. In fish and many fish oils DPA is detectable (along with EPA and DHA), but sources rich in DPA are scarce. Purified DPA is available, and DPA is a precursor of biologically active molecules, but much remains to be learned about the effects of DPA in humans. In epidemiologic studies, erythrocyte DPA did not predict risk for total mortality, sudden cardiac death, or other relevant cardiovascular events, and, more importantly, did not improve prediction of these events when included along with EPA and DHA, the original Omega-3 Index. We conclude that current scientific evidence does not support including DPA into the Omega-3 Index.
Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fish Oils; Humans; Mortality; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30103927
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.003