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Cell Reports Oct 2023Healthy Kupffer cell (KC) pool is dominated by embryonic KCs (EmKCs), preserving liver homeostasis. How the KC pool varies upon injury remains unclear. Using chimeric...
Healthy Kupffer cell (KC) pool is dominated by embryonic KCs (EmKCs), preserving liver homeostasis. How the KC pool varies upon injury remains unclear. Using chimeric mice with bone marrow (BM) cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein, we identify that BM monocyte-derived KCs (MoKCs) become dominant in cholestatic- or toxic-injured livers via immunofluorescence and mass cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) unveils the enhanced proliferative, anti-apoptotic properties and repair potential of MoKCs compared with EmKCs, which are confirmed in vivo and ex vivo through flow cytometry, qPCR, Cell Counting Kit-8, and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, compared with EmKC-dominated livers, MoKC-dominated livers exhibit less functional damage, necrosis, and fibrosis under damage, as tested by serum alanine aminotransferase activity detection, H&E and Sirius red staining, qPCR, and western blot. Collectively, we highlight that MoKCs dominate the KC pool in injured livers and show enhanced proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties while also promoting repair and attenuating fibrosis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Kupffer Cells; Monocytes; Liver; Necrosis; Fibrosis
PubMed: 37740916
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113164 -
Trends in Ecology & Evolution Feb 2023Plants and their environments engage in feedback loops that not only affect individuals, but also scale up to the ecosystem level. Community-level negative feedback... (Review)
Review
Plants and their environments engage in feedback loops that not only affect individuals, but also scale up to the ecosystem level. Community-level negative feedback facilitates local diversity, while the ability of plants to engineer ecosystem-wide conditions for their own benefit enhances local dominance. Here, we suggest that local and regional processes influencing diversity are inherently correlated: community-level negative feedback predominates among large species pools formed under historically common conditions; ecosystem-level positive feedback is most apparent in historically restricted habitats. Given enough time and space, evolutionary processes should lead to transitions between systems dominated by positive and negative feedbacks: species-poor systems should become richer due to diversification of dominants and adaptation of subordinates; however, new monodominants may emerge due to migration or new adaptations.
Topics: Humans; Ecosystem; Feedback; Soil; Biodiversity; Plants
PubMed: 36182404
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.09.008 -
PloS One 2020In many objective optimization problems (MaOPs), more than three distinct objectives are optimized. The challenging part in MaOPs is to get the Pareto approximation (PA)...
In many objective optimization problems (MaOPs), more than three distinct objectives are optimized. The challenging part in MaOPs is to get the Pareto approximation (PA) with high diversity and good convergence. In Literature, in order to solve the issue of diversity and convergence in MaOPs, many approaches are proposed using different multi objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). Moreover, to get better results, the researchers use the sets of reference points to differentiate the solutions and to model the search process, it further evaluates and selects the non-dominating solutions by using the reference set of solutions. Furthermore, this technique is used in some of the swarm-based evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, we have used some effective adaptations of bat algorithm with the previous mentioned approach to effectively handle the many objective problems. Moreover, we have called this algorithm as many objective bat algorithm (MaOBAT). This algorithm is a biologically inspired algorithm, which uses echolocation power of micro bats. Each bat represents a complete solution, which can be evaluated based on the problem specific fitness function and then based on the dominance relationship, non-dominated solutions are selected. In proposed MaOBAT, dominance rank is used as dominance relationship (dominance rank of a solution means by how many other solutions a solution dominated). In our proposed strategy, dynamically allocated set of reference points are used, allowing the algorithm to have good convergence and high diversity pareto fronts (PF). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has significant advantages over several state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of the quality of the solution.
Topics: Computer Heuristics; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 32525939
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234625 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Feb 2022Individuals occupying dominant and subordinate positions in social hierarchies exhibit divergent behaviours, physiology and neural functioning. Dominant animals express...
Individuals occupying dominant and subordinate positions in social hierarchies exhibit divergent behaviours, physiology and neural functioning. Dominant animals express higher levels of dominance behaviours such as aggression, territorial defence and mate-guarding. Dominants also signal their status via auditory, visual or chemical cues. Moreover, dominant animals typically increase reproductive behaviours and show enhanced spatial and social cognition as well as elevated arousal. These biobehavioural changes increase energetic demands that are met via shifting both energy intake and metabolism and are supported by coordinated changes in physiological systems including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes as well as altered gene expression and sensitivity of neural circuits that regulate these behaviours. Conversely, subordinate animals inhibit dominance and often reproductive behaviours and exhibit physiological changes adapted to socially stressful contexts. Phenotypic changes in both dominant and subordinate individuals may be beneficial in the short-term but lead to long-term challenges to health. Further, rapid changes in social ranks occur as dominant animals socially ascend or descend and are associated with dynamic modulations in the brain and periphery. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of how behavioural and phenotypic changes associated with social dominance and subordination are expressed in neural and physiological plasticity. This article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Hierarchy, Social; Reproduction; Social Dominance; Territoriality
PubMed: 35000436
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0443 -
The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics :... 2021We argue that concentration of power in religious hospitals threatens disestablishment values. When hospitals deny care for religious reasons, they dominate patients'...
We argue that concentration of power in religious hospitals threatens disestablishment values. When hospitals deny care for religious reasons, they dominate patients' bodies and convictions. Health law should - and to some extent already does - constrain such religious domination.
Topics: Hospitals; Humans; Religion; Religion and Medicine
PubMed: 35006060
DOI: 10.1017/jme.2021.78 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2020The Sicilian black pig (SB) (Nero Siciliano), also known as the Nero dei Nebrodi, Nero delle Madonie, or Nero dell'Etna pig ecotype, is an autochthonous Italian breed.... (Review)
Review
The Sicilian black pig (SB) (Nero Siciliano), also known as the Nero dei Nebrodi, Nero delle Madonie, or Nero dell'Etna pig ecotype, is an autochthonous Italian breed. The origins of this breed date back to Greek and Carthaginian dominations. In ancient times, its breeding was fairly common throughout Sicily, registering only a temporary reduction during the Arab domination. This breed is known primarily for its distinctive black coat, although some individuals display wattles and a partially or wholly white face. The SB pig has a birth rate with an average per sow of 7.6 piglets, each of 1.4 kg live body weight, showing an average daily gain (ADG) of 346 g/day during the fattening period. Slaughter generally takes place at an average age of 390 days, with an average live weight of 95 kg. This breed also appears to withstand adverse climatic conditions and resist disease. The purpose of this manuscript is to offer a general overview regarding the Sicilian Black pig and to consider the recent findings related to genome investigation. The recent application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies in the study of the genome of autochthonous breeds showed that polymorphisms of some candidate genes for production performance and phenotypic traits represent important information for selection processes. The protection of autochthonous breeds, intended as sources of genomic diversity for the further improvements of pigs for commercial use, constitutes a valuable opportunity to create new sustainable pig chains.
PubMed: 33297476
DOI: 10.3390/ani10122326 -
Primates; Journal of Primatology Jul 2022
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Social Dominance
PubMed: 35776278
DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-00998-y -
Plant Reproduction Mar 2018Epigenetic dominance modifier. In polymorphic loci, complex genetic dominance relationships between alleles are often observed. In plants, control of... (Review)
Review
Epigenetic dominance modifier. In polymorphic loci, complex genetic dominance relationships between alleles are often observed. In plants, control of self-incompatibility (SI) expression via allelic interactions in the Brassicaceae is the best-known example of such mechanisms. Here, with emphasis on two recently published papers, we review the progress toward understanding the dominance regulatory mechanism of SI in the Brassicaceae. Multiple small RNA genes linked to the Self-incompatibility (S) locus were found in both Brassica and Arabidopsis genera. Mono-allelic gene expression of the male determinant of SI, SP11/SCR, from a dominant S-allele is under epigenetic control by such small RNA genes. Possible evolutionary trajectories leading to the formation of multilayered dominance hierarchy in Brassicaceae are discussed. We also identify some remaining questions for future studies.
Topics: Brassicaceae; Genes, Dominant; Inheritance Patterns; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants
PubMed: 29248961
DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0319-9 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Aug 2023Continuing the centuries-long exchange between economics and biology, our model of reproductive skew is an adaptation of the principal-agent relationship between an...
Continuing the centuries-long exchange between economics and biology, our model of reproductive skew is an adaptation of the principal-agent relationship between an employer and an employee. Inspired by the case of purple martins () and lazuli buntings (), we model a dominant male whose fitness can be advanced not only by coercing a subordinate male but, where coercion is impossible or not cost-effective, also by providing positive fitness incentives for the subordinate that induce him to behave in ways that contribute to the dominant's fitness. We model a situation in which a dominant and subordinate contest over a variable amount of joint total fitness, both the level and division of which result from the strategies adopted by both. Thus there is not some given amount of potential fitness (or 'pie') that is to be divided between the two (or wasted in costly contests). The fitness incentives that in evolutionary equilibrium are conceded to the subordinate by the dominant maximize the dominant's own fitness. The reason is that the larger pie resulting from the subordinate's increased helping more than compensates for the dominant's reduced fitness share. But the conflict over fitness shares nonetheless limits the size of the pie. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.
Topics: Male; Humans; Acclimatization; Biological Evolution; Coercion; Ecology; Employment
PubMed: 37381848
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0289 -
Journal of Environmental Management Nov 2021Eutrophication of natural water bodies worldwide has led to cyanobacteria becoming the dominant species in phytoplankton communities, causing serious harm... (Review)
Review
Eutrophication of natural water bodies worldwide has led to cyanobacteria becoming the dominant species in phytoplankton communities, causing serious harm environmentally and economically. Cyanobacterial succession makes effective treatment of cyanobacterial blooms a challenge. Although there are many studies about cyanobacterial dominance and succession, it is still lack of relevant review summarizing the advances on this topic. To control cyanobacterial blooms and manage water quality effectively, we conducted a critical review and drew the following conclusions: (1) cyanobacterial dominance and succession occur from spring to summer, with changes of multiple environmental factors dominated by temperature and nutrients conditions; (2) the cyanobacterial dominance and succession are inherently attributed to the distinctive traits of cyanobacteria including colony formation, gas vesicles, toxin release, and nitrogen fixation; (3) given the current meta-omics explorations on mechanisms of cyanobacterial succession, how to combine the extensive data to draw general conclusions is a challenge in the future; (4) the dominant niche of high temperature-adapted cyanobacteria genera will be further reinforced with global warming and elevated carbon dioxide in the future; (5) considering the causes and future developments of cyanobacterial blooms, the management strategies for controlling cyanobacterial blooms include reducing external nutrient input and removing internal nutrient in sediment, artificial mixing waters to decrease buoyancy of cyanobacteria, and biological control using allelopathy of aquatic plants and/or enhancing zooplankton feeding.
Topics: Animals; Cyanobacteria; Eutrophication; Global Warming; Lakes; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton
PubMed: 34274765
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113281