-
Peptides Mar 2018Members of the Bacillaceae family, including Bacillus spp., Brevibacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., Aneurinibacillus sp., and Halobacillus sp., are an important source... (Review)
Review
Members of the Bacillaceae family, including Bacillus spp., Brevibacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., Aneurinibacillus sp., and Halobacillus sp., are an important source of structurally diverse classes of short peptides of ∼ 30 residues or fewer possessing peculiar and rapid killing activity against various pathogens. Additionally, many have unique structures that enhance resistance to hydrolysis by proteases, and these are ideal therapeutic tools and potential alternatives to current antibiotics. The need for novel antibiotic lead compounds is urgent, and this review summarises 119 Bacillaceae compounds published since 2000, including 12 surfactin-like lipopeptides, 16 iturinic lipopeptides, fengycin C, 33 other cyclic lipopeptides, 26 linear lipopeptides, two thiopeptides, four 2,5-diketopiperazines, 20 typical cyclic peptides, and five standard linear peptides. The current and potential therapeutic applications of these peptides, including structure, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities, are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillaceae; Humans; Peptides
PubMed: 29269072
DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.018 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2023Three bacterial strains, designated SSBR10-3, SSTM10-2 and SSHM10-5, were isolated from saltern soil sampled in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic,...
Three bacterial strains, designated SSBR10-3, SSTM10-2 and SSHM10-5, were isolated from saltern soil sampled in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated and rod-shaped. The strains grew optimally at 28°C and at pH 7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains SSBR10-3, SSTM10-2 and SSHM10-5 were placed within the genus , showing the highest similarity to FP5 (98.6 %), '' Marseille-Q1234 (98.5 %) and MSS-155 (98.6 %), respectively. The genomic similarity values between strains SSBR10-3, SSTM10-2 and SSHM10-5 and their related species were 17.6-22.6 % for digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and 69.6-78.5 % for orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI), which were lower than the thresholds recommended for species delineation. The dDDH and OrthoANI values among the three strains were below 38.3 and 89.4 %, respectively. Besides the differences in genomic features, strains SSBR10-3, SSTM10-2 and SSHM10-5 were distinct from each other and from members of the genus in terms of phenotypic traits related to substrate assimilation. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained -diaminopimelic acid, the major fatty acids were anteiso-C, iso-C and anteiso-C, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 for all three strains. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid were present in their polar lipid profiles. Based on a polyphasic approach incorporating genomic data, strains SSBR10-3, SSTM10-2 and SSHM10-5 represent novel species, for which the names sp. nov. (SSBR10-3=DSM 114353=KACC 21935=NBRC 115504), sp. nov. (SSTM10-2=DSM 114354=KACC 21936=NBRC 115505) and sp. nov. (SSHM10-5=DSM 114355= KACC 21937=NBRC 115506) are proposed.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Halobacillus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Nucleotides
PubMed: 37882660
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006098 -
Bioengineered Feb 2022This study investigated the inhibitory activity of S61 and its active extract on potato dry rot pathogens and aimed at contributing to biocontrol agent development...
This study investigated the inhibitory activity of S61 and its active extract on potato dry rot pathogens and aimed at contributing to biocontrol agent development during potato storage. Three kinds of pathogens were isolated as target pathogenic fungi from dry rot tubers and determined as (Qing 9A-2), (Qing 9A-5-8) and (Qing 9A-1-1) by morphological and molecular identification. The strain S61 and its extract exhibited a higher inhibitory rate on both three pathogens (56.32-65.75 and 1.67-51.11%), notably the best suppression efficiency is presented in S61 and 40 mg/mL ethyl acetate extract. In terms of in vivo effects, both S61 and its ethyl acetate extract effectively reduced the decayed fruit and weight loss rate (0-20% and 7.59-16.56%) and enhanced the defensive enzymatic activities to improve resistance. In addition, strain S61 could be colonized on potato tubers, especially the highest amount of 1.55 × 10 CFU/mL on fifth day for variety Xiazhai 65. Overall, S61 and its ethyl acetate extract could be considered as potential approach for biocontrol potato dry rot.
Topics: Fungi; Halobacillus; Solanum tuberosum
PubMed: 35164641
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024375 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Commercial table salt is a condiment with food preservative properties by decreasing water activity and increasing osmotic pressure. Salt is also a source of halophilic...
Commercial table salt is a condiment with food preservative properties by decreasing water activity and increasing osmotic pressure. Salt is also a source of halophilic bacteria and archaea. In the present research, the diversity of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms was studied in six commercial table salts by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Three table salts were obtained from marine origins: Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean (Ibiza Island), and Odiel marshes (supermarket marine salt). Other salts supplemented with mineral and nutritional ingredients were also used: Himalayan pink, Hawaiian black, and one with dried vegetables known as Viking salt. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveal that the salts from marine origins display a similar archaeal taxonomy, but with significant variations among genera. Archaeal taxa , , , , , , , and were prevalent in those three marine salts. Furthermore, the most abundant archaeal genera present in all salts were , , , , , , and uncultured . sp. was the most frequent bacteria, represented almost in all salts. Other genera such as , , and were the most frequent taxa in the Viking, Himalayan pink, and black salts, respectively. Interestingly, the genus was detected only in marine-originated salts. A collection of 76 halotolerant and halophilic bacterial and haloarchaeal species was set by culturing on different media with a broad range of salinity and nutrient composition. Comparing the results of 16S rRNA gene metataxonomic and culturomics revealed that culturable bacteria , , , , , , , , , , , , , and also Archaea , , and were identified at least in one sample by both methods. Our results show that salts from marine origins are dominated by Archaea, whereas salts from other sources or salt supplemented with ingredients are dominated by bacteria.
PubMed: 34777272
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714110 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2015A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. It was...
A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. It was strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella. It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Halobacillus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T).
Topics: Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Halobacillus; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 25795064
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000198 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Apr 2018moderately halophilic spore forming, motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated as KGW1 was isolated from water sample of Chilika Lake and...
moderately halophilic spore forming, motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated as KGW1 was isolated from water sample of Chilika Lake and characterized taxonomically using polyphasic approach. The strain grew in the presence of 0-25% (w/v) NaCl in marine salt agar media, hydrolyzes casein, and gelatin and shows presence of alkaline proteases. The major cell wall menaquinone was MK7 and major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C (44.89%), anteiso-C (6.18%), isoC (19.38%), and iso-C (7.39%). Several chemotaxonomic features conform the isolate be a member of genus Halobacillus. The isolate KGW1 contained A1γ meso-Dpm-direct type of peptidoglycan which is different from its phylogenetically closest neighbours. The 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis also revealed the strain KGW1 was affiliated to the genus Halobacillus and sequence similarity between the isolated strain and the type strains of Halobacillus species were found closest to, H. dabanensis D-8 DSM 18199 (99.08%) and H. faecis IGA7-4 DSM 21559 (99.01%), H. trueperi SL-5 DSM 10404 (98.94%). The in silico DDH showed that the values in a range of 14.2-17.5% with the most closest strain H. dabanensis D-8 DSM 18199 and other type strains of the genus Halobacillus for which whole genome sequence is reported. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KGW1 and the closest type strain Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404 was 11.75% (± 1.15). The draft genome sequence includes 3,683,819 bases and comprises of 3898 predicted coding sequences with a G + C content of 46.98%. Thus, the significant distinctiveness supported by phenotypic and genotypic data with its closest neighbors and other closely related species confirm the strain KGW1 to be classified as a novel species within the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGW1 (= DSM 29522 = JCM 30443).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Genome, Bacterial; Genotype; Halobacillus; India; Lakes; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 29611137
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7387-x -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 2022This study examined and characterized the extract for metabolites of Halobacillus marinus HMALI004 to understand their antibacterial activities against opportunistic...
AIMS
This study examined and characterized the extract for metabolites of Halobacillus marinus HMALI004 to understand their antibacterial activities against opportunistic marine pathogens, that is, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The bacterial strain HMALI004 was characterized as H. marinus, and an antibacterial spectral test revealed its inhibition against two opportunistic marine pathogens (V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholera). Fermentation broth of strain HMALI004 was subjected to column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography to separate antibacterial substances. Two compounds were successfully isolated and identified as 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid for V. parahaemolyticus were 25 μg/ml, while their MIC values for V. cholerae were 50 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of two pathogen strains treated with 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid were detected to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism. The results suggested that 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid exerted enhanced ROS production in V. parahaemolyticus, whereas 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid had a weaker effect. Both compounds caused a significant rise in ROS production in V. cholerae, causing severe damage to the cell wall and cytoplasm, leading to cell death.
CONCLUSIONS
The bacterium H. marinus HMALI004 was isolated from a shrimp pond and was found to produce antimicrobial compounds, which could inhibit the growth of opportunistic marine pathogens V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae by increasing ROS.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Successfully isolated antibacterial-producing strain, H. marinus HMALI004, and its antimicrobial compounds could be used as biological control agents for marine pathogens.
Topics: Halobacillus; Reactive Oxygen Species; Biological Control Agents; Bacteria; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio cholerae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35929370
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15764 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2021An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic strain SKP4-6, was isolated from shrimp paste () collected from Samut Sakhon...
An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic strain SKP4-6, was isolated from shrimp paste () collected from Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SKP4-6 belonged to the genus and was most closely related to JCM 11546 (98.6 %), KCTC 3788 (98.6 %) and KCTC 3957 (98.6 %) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain SKP4-6 and its related species were 18.2-19.3 % and 69.84-84.51 %, respectively, which were lower than the threshold recommended for species delineation. The strain grew optimally at 30-40 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 10-15 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained l-Orn-d-Asp in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C, anteiso-C and anteiso-C. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were present as major polar lipids. Based on this polyphasic approach, digital DNA-DNA relatedness and ANI values, strain SKP4-6 represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SKP4-6 (=JCM 32624=TISTR 2595).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Food Microbiology; Halobacillus; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seafood; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Thailand; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 34825883
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005054 -
Microbial Ecology May 2024Water-filled sinkholes known locally as cenotes, found on the Yucatán Peninsula, have remarkable biodiversity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the...
Water-filled sinkholes known locally as cenotes, found on the Yucatán Peninsula, have remarkable biodiversity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive cultivable bacteria obtained from sediment samples collected at the coastal cenote Pol-Ac in Yucatán, Mexico. Specifically, the investigation aimed to assess production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 49 Gram-positive bacterial isolates belonging to the phyla Bacillota (n = 29) and Actinomycetota (n = 20) divided into the common genera Bacillus and Streptomyces, as well as the genera Virgibacillus, Halobacillus, Metabacillus, Solibacillus, Neobacillus, Rossellomorea, Nocardiopsis and Corynebacterium. With growth at 55ºC, 21 of the 49 strains were classified as moderately thermotolerant. All strains were classified as halotolerant and 24 were dependent on marine water for growth. Screening for six extracellular hydrolytic enzymes revealed gelatinase, amylase, lipase, cellulase, protease and chitinase activities in 93.9%, 67.3%, 63.3%, 59.2%, 59.2% and 38.8%, of isolated strains, respectively. The genes for polyketide synthases type I, were detected in 24 of the strains. Of 18 strains that achieved > 25% inhibition of growth in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, 4 also inhibited growth in Escherichia coli ATCC 35,218. Isolates Streptomyces sp. NCA_378 and Bacillus sp. NCA_374 demonstrated 50-75% growth inhibition against at least one of the two pathogens tested, along with significant enzymatic activity across all six extracellular enzymes. This is the first comprehensive report on the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from sediments in the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula.
Topics: Geologic Sediments; Mexico; Biodiversity; Gram-Positive Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bioprospecting; Phylogeny; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Seawater
PubMed: 38806738
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02392-1 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology 2015A combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches was employed to identify the bacterial diversity of Çamalti solar saltern in Turkey. The bacterial...
A combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches was employed to identify the bacterial diversity of Çamalti solar saltern in Turkey. The bacterial communities of Çamalti Saltern were analyzed by molecular techniques that included denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene fragments PCR amplified from DNA extracted from the water samples of the saltern and 16S rRNA gene library analysis. A total of 42 isolates were identified at the genus/species level and 17 of them were found to belong to the Bacteria domain. All bacterial isolates were phylogenetically related to Halobacillus, Virgibacillus and Halomonas genus. A total of 50 clones from 16S rRNA gene library were analyzed by ARDRA. 16S rRNA sequence analysisof these clones revealed that most (85%) of the bacterial clones were related to Salinibacter genus members of the Bacteroidetes. The sequences of DGGE bands were related to the uncultured Salinibacter, uncultured halophilic bacterium and Halomonas sp. This work highlights the halophilic bacterial diversity of Çamalti marine solar saltern.
Topics: Biodiversity; Chemical Industry; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; Halobacteriaceae; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Phylogeny; Sodium Chloride; Turkey
PubMed: 26094314
DOI: No ID Found