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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Oct 2019The growth of antibiotic resistant microorganisms and the increasing demand for nonthermal antimicrobial treatment in the food and beverage industry motivates research... (Review)
Review
The growth of antibiotic resistant microorganisms and the increasing demand for nonthermal antimicrobial treatment in the food and beverage industry motivates research into alternative inactivation methods. Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) provide an athermal method for inactivating microorganisms by creating nanometer-sized membrane pores in microorganisms, inducing cell death when the PEF duration and intensity are sufficient such that the pores cannot reseal after the PEFs through a process referred to as irreversible electroporation. While PEF inactivation has been studied for several decades, recent studies have focused on extending the technique to various liquids in the food industry and optimizing microorganism inactivation while minimizing adverse effects to the treated sample. This minireview will assess the biophysical mechanisms and theory of PEF-induced cellular interactions and summarize recent advances in applying this technology for microorganism inactivation alone and synergistically in combination with other technologies, including temperature, pressure, natural ingredients, and pharmaceuticals.
Topics: Bacteria; Biophysical Phenomena; Disinfection; Electroporation; Fungi; Microbial Viability
PubMed: 31392376
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10067-y -
Acta Biomaterialia Dec 2023External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the... (Review)
Review
External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a crucial regulatory role in this process. This review summarises our current understanding of microorganism-immune system interactions, with a focus on how these interactions impact the renewal and repair ability of tissues, including skin, bone, gut, liver, and nerves. This review concludes with a discussion of the mechanisms by which microbes act on various types of immune cells to affect tissue regeneration, offers potential strategies for using microbial therapies to enhance the regenerative repair function of tissues, and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbiological communities have crucial impacts on human health and illness by participating in energy collection and storage and performing various metabolic processes. External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a critical regulatory role in this process. This study reviews the important correlation between microorganisms and the immune system and investigates the mechanism of various microorganism that participate in the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs by modulating immune system.
Topics: Humans; Immunity; Wound Healing; Regenerative Medicine; Immune System; Skin
PubMed: 37816417
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.007 -
Biotechnology Advances 2023Bioprocesses are scaled up for the production of large product quantities. With larger fermenter volumes, mixing becomes increasingly inefficient and environmental... (Review)
Review
Bioprocesses are scaled up for the production of large product quantities. With larger fermenter volumes, mixing becomes increasingly inefficient and environmental gradients get more prominent than in smaller scales. Environmental gradients have an impact on the microorganism's metabolism, which makes the prediction of large-scale performance difficult and can lead to scale-up failure. A promising approach for improved understanding and estimation of dynamics of microbial populations in large-scale bioprocesses is the analysis of microbial lifelines. The lifeline of a microbe in a bioprocess is the experience of environmental gradients from a cell's perspective, which can be described as a time series of position, environment and intracellular condition. Currently, lifelines are predominantly determined using models with computational fluid dynamics, but new technical developments in flow-following sensor particles and microfluidic single-cell cultivation open the door to a more interdisciplinary concept. We critically review the current concepts and challenges in lifeline determination and application of lifeline analysis, as well as strategies for the integration of these techniques into bioprocess development. Lifelines can contribute to a successful scale-up by guiding scale-down experiments and identifying strain engineering targets or bioreactor optimisations.
Topics: Bioreactors; Microfluidics
PubMed: 36464144
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108071 -
Frontiers of Environmental Science &... 2022The rapid global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has promoted concern over human pathogens and their significant threats to public health security. The... (Review)
Review
The rapid global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has promoted concern over human pathogens and their significant threats to public health security. The monitoring and control of human pathogens in public sanitation and health facilities are of great importance. Excessive sludge is an inevitable byproduct of sewage that contains human and animal feces in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is an important sink of different pollutants and pathogens, and the proper treatment and disposal of sludge are important to minimize potential risks to the environment and public health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the diversity, exposure risks, assessment methods and inactivation techniques of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. Based on this consideration, this review summarizes the control performance of pathogenic microorganisms such as enterovirus, spp., and by different sludge treatment technologies, including composting, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and microwave irradiation, and the mechanisms of pathogenic microorganism inactivation in sludge treatment processes are discussed. Additionally, this study reviews the diversity, detection methods, and exposure risks of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. This review advances the quantitative assessment of pathogenic microorganism risks involved in sludge reuse and is practically valuable to optimize the treatment and disposal of sludge for pathogenic microorganism control.
PubMed: 34608423
DOI: 10.1007/s11783-021-1504-5 -
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin Jul 2020Alpha-amylase reputes for starch modification by breaking of 1-4 glycosidic bands and is widely applied in different industrial sectors. Microorganisms express unique... (Review)
Review
Alpha-amylase reputes for starch modification by breaking of 1-4 glycosidic bands and is widely applied in different industrial sectors. Microorganisms express unique alpha-amylases with thermostable and halotolerant characteristics dependent on the microorganism's intrinsic features. Likewise, genetic engineering methods are applied to produce enzymes with higher stability in contrast to wild types. As there are widespread application of α-amylase in industry, optimization methods like RSM are used to improve the production of the enzyme ex vivo. This study aimed to review the latest researches on the production improvement and stability of α-amylase.
PubMed: 32665893
DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.043 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Feb 2022Sesquiterpenes are a large variety of terpene natural products, widely existing in plants, fungi, marine organisms, insects, and microbes. Value-added sesquiterpenes are... (Review)
Review
Sesquiterpenes are a large variety of terpene natural products, widely existing in plants, fungi, marine organisms, insects, and microbes. Value-added sesquiterpenes are extensively used in industries such as: food, drugs, fragrances, and fuels. With an increase in market demands and the price of sesquiterpenes, the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes by microbial fermentation methods from renewable feedstocks is acquiring increasing attention. Synthetic biology provides robust tools of sesquiterpene production in microorganisms. This review presents a summary of metabolic engineering strategies on the hosts and pathway engineering for sesquiterpene production. Advances in synthetic biology provide new strategies on the creation of desired hosts for sesquiterpene production. Especially, metabolic engineering strategies for the production of sesquiterpenes such as: amorphadiene, farnesene, bisabolene, and caryophyllene are emphasized in: , , and other microorganisms. Challenges and future perspectives of the bioprocess for translating sesquiterpene production into practical industrial work are also discussed.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Metabolic Engineering; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes
PubMed: 34256675
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1924112 -
Environment International Jun 2023Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been widely found and studied in soil and water environments. However, the propagation of ARGs in plant microbiomes has attracted... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been widely found and studied in soil and water environments. However, the propagation of ARGs in plant microbiomes has attracted insufficient attention. Plant microbiomes, especially the rhizosphere microorganisms, are closely connected with water, soil, and air, which allows ARGs to spread widely in ecosystems and pose a threat to human health after entering the human body with bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand and explore the dynamics and the transmission of ARGs in rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes of plants. In this review, the transmission and influencing factors of ARGs in the microorganisms associated with plants, especially the influence of root exudates on plant microbiomes, are analyzed. Notably, the role of intrinsic genes of plants in determining root exudates and their potential effects on ARGs are proposed and analyzed. The important role of phyllosphere microorganisms and endophytes in the transmission of ARGs and co-resistance of antibiotics and other substances are also emphasized. The proliferation and transmission of ARGs associated with plant microbiomes addressed in this review is conducive to revealing the fate of ARGs in plant microorganisms and alleviating ARG pollution.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria; Genes, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Microbiota; Soil; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37257204
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107986 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2024Inspired by the mechanism by which microorganisms utilize siderophores to ingest iron, four different Fe complexes of typical artificial siderophore ligands containing... (Review)
Review
Inspired by the mechanism by which microorganisms utilize siderophores to ingest iron, four different Fe complexes of typical artificial siderophore ligands containing catecholate and/or hydroxamate groups, K[Fe-L], K[Fe-L], K[Fe-L], and [Fe-L], were prepared. They were modified on an Au substrate surface (Fe-L/Au) and applied as microorganism immobilization devices for fast, sensitive, selective detection of microorganisms, where HL, HL, HL, and HL denote the tri-catecholate, biscatecholate-monohydroxamate, monocatecholate-bishydroxamate, and tri-hydroxamate type of artificial siderophores, respectively. Their adsorption properties for the several microorganisms were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The artificial siderophore-iron complexes modified on the Au substrates Fe-L/Au, Fe-L/Au, Fe-L/Au, and Fe-L/Au showed specific microorganism immobilization behavior with selectivity based on the structure of the artificial siderophores. Their specificities corresponded well with the structural characteristics of natural siderophores that microorganisms release from the cell and/or use to take up an iron. These findings suggest that release and uptake are achieved through specific interactions between the artificial siderophore-Fe complexes and receptors on the cell surfaces of microorganisms. This study revealed that Fe-L/Au systems have specific potential to serve as effective immobilization probes of microorganisms for rapid, selective detection and identification of a variety of microorganisms.
Topics: Siderophores; Gold; Iron; Adsorption; Cells, Immobilized; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Ligands; Catechols; Hydroxamic Acids
PubMed: 38825473
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00197-3 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Aug 2015Understanding parasite strategies for evasion, manipulation or exploitation of hosts is crucial for many fields, from ecology to medical sciences. Generally, research... (Review)
Review
Understanding parasite strategies for evasion, manipulation or exploitation of hosts is crucial for many fields, from ecology to medical sciences. Generally, research has focused on either the host response to parasitic infection, or the parasite virulence mechanisms. More recently, integrated studies of host-parasite interactions have allowed significant advances in theoretical and applied biology. However, these studies still provide a simplistic view of these as mere two-player interactions. Host and parasite are associated with a myriad of microorganisms that could benefit from the improved fitness of their partner. Illustrations of such complex multi-player interactions have emerged recently from studies performed in various taxa. In this conceptual article, we propose how these associated microorganisms may participate in the phenotypic alterations induced by parasites and hence in host-parasite interactions, from an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Host- and parasite-associated microorganisms may participate in the host-parasite interaction by interacting directly or indirectly with the other partner. As a result, parasites may develop (i) the disruptive strategy in which the parasite alters the host microbiota to its advantage, and (ii) the biological weapon strategy where the parasite-associated microorganism contributes to or modulates the parasite's virulence. Some phenotypic alterations induced by parasite may also arise from conflicts of interests between the host or parasite and its associated microorganism. For each situation, we review the literature and propose new directions for future research. Specifically, investigating the role of host- and parasite-associated microorganisms in host-parasite interactions at the individual, local and regional level will lead to a holistic understanding of how the co-evolution of the different partners influences how the other ones respond, both ecologically and evolutionary. The conceptual framework we propose here is important and relevant to understand the proximate basis of parasite strategies, to predict their evolutionary dynamics and potentially to prevent therapeutic failures.
Topics: Animals; Biological Warfare; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Microbiota; Parasitic Diseases; Symbiosis
PubMed: 26026593
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.027 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2020Soil microorganisms can form a stable dynamic system with plant root systems. The composition of the soil microorganism community is related to the growth and stress... (Review)
Review
Soil microorganisms can form a stable dynamic system with plant root systems. The composition of the soil microorganism community is related to the growth and stress resistance of plants; in turn, soil microorganisms are also regulated by plant genotypes and root exudates. Therefore, research on how to identify microorganisms that are beneficial or harmful to plants, study the interaction between microorganisms and plants, and form stable microbial communities for better plant growth plays an important role in sustainable agriculture. It is of great significance to identify and analyze rhizosphere microorganisms and plant endophytes through high-throughput methods, especially to analyze which microorganisms are beneficial to plants, which are harmful to plants, and which are opportunistic pathogens. This review provides a theoretical basis and outlook for the utilization of beneficial microbes in sustainable agriculture.
PubMed: 33013992
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569742