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Brazilian Dental Journal 2021The aim of this review is to discuss the digital planning and the use of guided technology in Endodontics. The complexity of the root canals anatomy and the challenges... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review is to discuss the digital planning and the use of guided technology in Endodontics. The complexity of the root canals anatomy and the challenges in the microorganism's control represent risk factors for failure after the infected root canal's treatment. Scientific improvements associated with technological advances have enabled better predictability of therapeutic procedures results. The development of efficient and modern devices provided safer root canal treatments, with shorter clinical visits and greater patient comfort. Digital endodontics incorporated different tools and developed its own, advancing even further in resolving complex cases. The faithful copy of the internal anatomy provided by the advancement of CBCT devices and software's, associated with the digital resources of 3D planning and printing, enabled the advent of guided endodontics. This technique is used at different stages of endodontic treatment, with specific indications and greater result predictability. Therefore, this study critically reviewed the potential clinical application of this guided access technique, and the operative steps for its safe performance in managing complex endodontic cases. The main indications are accessing calcified root canals, performing endodontic surgeries in difficult access areas, removing fiberglass posts, and accessing teeth with developmental anomalies. In summary, guided endodontics has been a precise strategy, effective, safe, and clinically applicable. This procedure represents incorporating technological resources and digital planning in the Endodontist clinical practice, increasing predictability to complex cases.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp Cavity; Endodontics; Humans; Root Canal Therapy; Technology
PubMed: 34877975
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104740 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2017Computational approaches are useful tools to interpret and guide experiments to expedite the antibiotic drug design process. Structure-based drug design (SBDD) and...
Computational approaches are useful tools to interpret and guide experiments to expedite the antibiotic drug design process. Structure-based drug design (SBDD) and ligand-based drug design (LBDD) are the two general types of computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches in existence. SBDD methods analyze macromolecular target 3-dimensional structural information, typically of proteins or RNA, to identify key sites and interactions that are important for their respective biological functions. Such information can then be utilized to design antibiotic drugs that can compete with essential interactions involving the target and thus interrupt the biological pathways essential for survival of the microorganism(s). LBDD methods focus on known antibiotic ligands for a target to establish a relationship between their physiochemical properties and antibiotic activities, referred to as a structure-activity relationship (SAR), information that can be used for optimization of known drugs or guide the design of new drugs with improved activity. In this chapter, standard CADD protocols for both SBDD and LBDD will be presented with a special focus on methodologies and targets routinely studied in our laboratory for antibiotic drug discoveries.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Databases as Topic; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ligands; Molecular Docking Simulation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; User-Computer Interface
PubMed: 27873247
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6634-9_5 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Sep 2013Microbial communities play a pivotal role in the functioning of plants by influencing their physiology and development. While many members of the rhizosphere microbiome... (Review)
Review
Microbial communities play a pivotal role in the functioning of plants by influencing their physiology and development. While many members of the rhizosphere microbiome are beneficial to plant growth, also plant pathogenic microorganisms colonize the rhizosphere striving to break through the protective microbial shield and to overcome the innate plant defense mechanisms in order to cause disease. A third group of microorganisms that can be found in the rhizosphere are the true and opportunistic human pathogenic bacteria, which can be carried on or in plant tissue and may cause disease when introduced into debilitated humans. Although the importance of the rhizosphere microbiome for plant growth has been widely recognized, for the vast majority of rhizosphere microorganisms no knowledge exists. To enhance plant growth and health, it is essential to know which microorganism is present in the rhizosphere microbiome and what they are doing. Here, we review the main functions of rhizosphere microorganisms and how they impact on health and disease. We discuss the mechanisms involved in the multitrophic interactions and chemical dialogues that occur in the rhizosphere. Finally, we highlight several strategies to redirect or reshape the rhizosphere microbiome in favor of microorganisms that are beneficial to plant growth and health.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Plants; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology; Symbiosis
PubMed: 23790204
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12028 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Chronic periapical periodontitis (CAP) is a typical oral disease in which periodontal inflammation caused by an odontogenic infection eventually leads to bone loss.... (Review)
Review
Chronic periapical periodontitis (CAP) is a typical oral disease in which periodontal inflammation caused by an odontogenic infection eventually leads to bone loss. Uncontrolled infections often lead to extensive bone loss around the root tip, which ultimately leads to tooth loss. The main clinical issue in the treatment of periapical periodontitis is the repair of jawbone defects, and infection control is the first priority. However, the oral cavity is an open environment, and the distribution of microorganisms through the mouth in jawbone defects is inevitable. The subversion of host cell metabolism by oral microorganisms initiates disease. The presence of microorganisms stimulates a series of immune responses, which in turn stimulates bone healing. Given the above background, we intended to examine the paradoxes and connections between microorganisms and jaw defect repair in anticipation of new ideas for jaw defect repair. To this end, we reviewed the microbial factors, human signaling pathways, immune cells, and cytokines involved in the development of CAP, as well as concentrated growth factor (CGF) and stem cells in bone defect repair, with the aim of understanding the impact of microbial factors on host cell metabolism to inform the etiology and clinical management of CAP.
Topics: Bone Remodeling; Humans; Inflammation; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35937695
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908859 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023Nanomaterials are used to develop simpler, cheaper, and faster methods for disease diagnosis [...].
Nanomaterials are used to develop simpler, cheaper, and faster methods for disease diagnosis [...].
PubMed: 37894187
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102530 -
Briefings in Bioinformatics Mar 2021Humans have coexisted with pathogenic microorganisms throughout its history of evolution. We have never halted the exploration of pathogenic microorganisms. With the... (Review)
Review
Humans have coexisted with pathogenic microorganisms throughout its history of evolution. We have never halted the exploration of pathogenic microorganisms. With the improvement of genome-sequencing technology and the continuous reduction of sequencing costs, an increasing number of complete genome sequences of pathogenic microorganisms have become available. Genome annotation of this massive sequence information has become a daunting task in biological research. This paper summarizes the approaches to the genome annotation of pathogenic microorganisms and the available popular genome annotation tools for prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses. Furthermore, real-world comparisons of different annotation tools using 12 genomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses were conducted. Current challenges and problems were also discussed.
Topics: Eukaryota; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Viral; Humans; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Virulence
PubMed: 33537706
DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab004 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication after arthroplasty. Its management combines surgical intervention, whose type depends on the clinical... (Review)
Review
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication after arthroplasty. Its management combines surgical intervention, whose type depends on the clinical situation, and prolonged high-dose antibiotics adapted to the responsible microorganism(s) and the patient. Antibiotics are only one part of the therapeutic regimen and are closely related to the surgical strategy. Their efficacy depends to a large extent on the choice and quality of the surgical procedure, and the quality of the microbiological diagnosis. Although guidelines have been published, many aspects of antibiotic therapy remain poorly established. Choosing the optimal agent(s) is one aspect, with others being optimization of drugs' pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters, the choice of administration route, use of monotherapy or combination regimens, therapeutic drug-monitoring and patient education to improve compliance and tolerance. Herein, we address PJI management based on recent literature data, guidelines and the experience of our referral center for complex bone-and-joint infections.
PubMed: 35453237
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040486 -
BMB Reports Dec 2013Lipid droplet (LD) is a cellular organelle that stores neutral lipids as a source of energy and carbon. However, recent research has emerged that the organelle is... (Review)
Review
Lipid droplet (LD) is a cellular organelle that stores neutral lipids as a source of energy and carbon. However, recent research has emerged that the organelle is involved in lipid synthesis, transportation, and metabolism, as well as mediating cellular protein storage and degradation. With the exception of multi-cellular organisms, some unicellular microorganisms have been observed to contain LDs. The organelle has been isolated and characterized from numerous organisms. Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in LDs can be in excess of 50% of the dry weight in some microorganisms, and a maximum of 87% in some instances. These microorganisms include eukaryotes such as yeast and green algae as well as prokaryotes such as bacteria. Some organisms obtain carbon from CO2 via photosynthesis, while the majority utilizes carbon from various types of biomass. Therefore, high TAG content generated by utilizing waste or cheap biomass, coupled with an efficient conversion rate, present these organisms as bio-tech 'factories' to produce biodiesel. This review summarizes LD research in these organisms and provides useful information for further LD biological research and microorganism biodiesel development.
Topics: Bacteria; Biofuels; Biomass; Chlorophyta; Cytoplasmic Vesicles; Lipid Metabolism; Proteomics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Triglycerides
PubMed: 24355300
DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.271 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Feb 2022Monoterpenoids that belong to the terpenoids family are usually volatile and have strong aroma. Some monoterpenoids also have antioxidant, antibacterial and... (Review)
Review
Monoterpenoids that belong to the terpenoids family are usually volatile and have strong aroma. Some monoterpenoids also have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, which make them important raw materials for medicine, food and cosmetics industry. In recent years, the heterologous synthesis of monoterpenoids by microorganisms has attracted extensive attention. However, its large-scale application is greatly hampered by the low yield and high production cost. Nowadays, the rapid development of synthetic biology provides new approaches for enhancing the production of monoterpenoids by microorganisms. Different kinds of recombinant strains can be obtained via engineering of microbial cells to produce a variety of monoterpenoids with different properties. This paper summarized the latest strategies and progress in the application of synthetic biology to produce monoterpenoids by microorganisms, including the design and modification of biosynthetic pathway, as well as the design and optimization of high-yield monoterpenoids producing chassis cells.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Metabolic Engineering; Monoterpenes; Synthetic Biology; Terpenes
PubMed: 35234374
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210145 -
Metabolites Nov 2022In the face of climate change, progressive degradation of the environment, including agricultural land negatively affecting plant growth and development, endangers plant... (Review)
Review
In the face of climate change, progressive degradation of the environment, including agricultural land negatively affecting plant growth and development, endangers plant productivity. Seeking efficient and sustainable agricultural techniques to replace agricultural chemicals is one of the most important challenges nowadays. The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms is among the most promising approaches; however, molecular mechanisms underneath plant-microbe interactions are still poorly understood. In this review, we summarized the knowledge on plant-microbe interactions, highlighting the role of microbial and plant proteins and metabolites in the formation of symbiotic relationships. This review covers rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiomes, the role of root exudates in plant-microorganism interactions, the functioning of the plant's immune system during the plant-microorganism interactions. We also emphasized the possible role of the stringent response and the evolutionarily conserved mechanism during the established interaction between plants and microorganisms. As a case study, we discussed fungi belonging to the genus . Our review aims to summarize the existing knowledge about plant-microorganism interactions and to highlight molecular pathways that need further investigation.
PubMed: 36422239
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111100