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The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Mar 2018Biofilms are diverse groups of microorganisms encased in a self-produced matrix that offers protection against unfavorable conditions and antibiotics. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Biofilms are diverse groups of microorganisms encased in a self-produced matrix that offers protection against unfavorable conditions and antibiotics.
METHODS
We performed a literature search using the MEDLINE electronic database. Only original articles published in English were considered for review.
RESULTS
Biofilms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne, eczema, hidradenitis suppurativa, onychomycosis, miliaria, and impetigo. Adverse dermal-filler reactions are also linked to biofilms. Strict aseptic technique and prophylactic antibiotics are recommended in order to avoid such complications. Finally, biofilms are implicated in wounds, mainly chronic and diabetic, where they impede healing and cause recurrent infections. Several novel anti-biofilm agents and wound debridement have been shown to be beneficial.
CONCLUSIONS
Biofilms are a significant cause of disease with wide implications in the field of dermatology. Several novel treatments have been found to be effective against biofilms, depending on the underlying microbes and type of disease.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Debridement; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Wound Infection
PubMed: 28749746
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1360989 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Dec 2022This case concerns a newborn with many small transparent vesicles on the forehead, trunk and face. Miliaria crystallina was diagnosed based on the typical presentation....
This case concerns a newborn with many small transparent vesicles on the forehead, trunk and face. Miliaria crystallina was diagnosed based on the typical presentation. Miliaria crystalline is a transient obstruction of sweat glands resulting in non-inflammatory vesicles. The treatment is simple: cool down.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Blister; Miliaria
PubMed: 36633068
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Dermatology Dec 2019Sweating plays an important role in maintaining temperature homeostasis in humans. However, under certain circumstances, sweat can cause itching. For example, when... (Review)
Review
Sweating plays an important role in maintaining temperature homeostasis in humans. However, under certain circumstances, sweat can cause itching. For example, when excessive sweat accumulates on the skin surface for a long period, miliaria can develop and cause itching. Subjects with dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), suffer from itch when exposed to heat or psychological stresses, which are also known perspiration stimuli. Recently, some mechanisms of sweat-induced itch have been revealed. For instance, attenuated sweating ability is observed in subjects with AD, causing heat retention, skin dryness, and high susceptibility to itch. Furthermore, the decreased tight junction of the sweat gland in AD leads to sweat leakage in the dermis, which could be designated as a "sweat endocrine response" and may be the cause of tingling itch during sweating. Additionally, metabolomic analysis of sweat from patients with AD revealed that glucose concentration in sweat increases according to disease severity. Sweat with elevated glucose concentration retards the recovery of the damaged skin barrier and may promote itching. This viewpoint essay outlines the relationship between sweat and itch based on recent evidence.
Topics: Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Pruritus; Sweat
PubMed: 31152459
DOI: 10.1111/exd.13981 -
Medicina Clinica Aug 2014
Topics: Adolescent; Bicycling; Crystallization; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Miliaria; Sweat; Sweat Gland Diseases
PubMed: 24889747
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2014.03.017 -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Dec 2020Hypohidrosis can result in heat injury, a potentially fatal condition. The majority of hypohidrosis cases have no associated abnormalities or secondary causes, and are...
BACKGROUND
Hypohidrosis can result in heat injury, a potentially fatal condition. The majority of hypohidrosis cases have no associated abnormalities or secondary causes, and are termed "isolated hypohidrosis". These are clinically divided into miliaria profunda (MP), acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) and idiopathic partial hypohidrosis (IPH). The pathogenesis of isolated hypohidrosis remains largely unknown and there is no established effective treatment.
OBJECTIVES
To elucidate the pathogenesis of isolated hypohidrosis using in vivo high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) imaging and assess the therapeutic profile of oral retinoids for this condition.
MATERIALS & METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis on all patients with isolated hypohidrosis in our neuro-dermatology clinic over a 5.75-year period. All patients routinely underwent standardised exercising and whole-body starch-iodine testing, followed by non-invasive HD-OCT skin imaging. Patients' demographics, disease characteristics, histology and treatment history were analysed.
RESULTS
Of the 51 patients identified with isolated hypohidrosis; 23 were diagnosed with MP, 14 with AIGA, and 14 with IPH. In these patients, HD-OCT imaging led to the identification of sub-stratum corneal hypo-refractile material with underlying dilated sweat ducts, not present in healthy controls. The size of this material was most pronounced in MP, followed by AIGA, and then IPH. Post-treatment, the material decreased in size. Treatment response was reported in 90.6% patients with isotretinoin and 75.0% with acitretin. No recurrence has been reported to date. Side effects were largely anticipated and common.
CONCLUSION
The pathogenesis of isolated hypohidrosis involves obstruction of sweat orifices at the stratum corneum. Treatment with oral retinoids, particularly isotretinoin, is effective and safe.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hypohidrosis; Male; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Young Adult
PubMed: 33262099
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2020.3931 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Feb 2022Fox-Fordyce (FFD), also known as apocrine military, is an uncommon chronic inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands. It is characterized by pruritic, papular eruptions... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Fox-Fordyce (FFD), also known as apocrine military, is an uncommon chronic inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands. It is characterized by pruritic, papular eruptions in apocrine-gland-bearing regions. FFD was described a century ago, but the exact pathogenesis of the disease and the management are not well understood.
AIMS
This paper provides a wide understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management of Fox-Fordyce disease. Its aim is to help the physician to diagnose and manage this entity accordingly.
METHODS
A research was done using PubMed database on 12 April 12, 2020, and in order to retrieve all case reports, case series, cohort studies, randomized, and nonrandomized clinical trials were included describing FFD among patients.
RESULTS
A total of 43 articles and 68 patients were included in the study. The majority of patients were young females. The disease was bilateral in 90%, affected the axillae and to a lesser extent the pubic and the periareolar areas and rarely the thoracic area, the abdominal area, and the face. FFD followed a relapsing and remitting course, and an evident improvement in disease course was noted after menopause.
CONCLUSION
The typical FFD patient is a post-pubertal female and pre-menopause, presenting with pruritic papules in apocrine-gland-bearing regions. FFD can be sporadic or occurs in family, and it can be asymptomatic in 1/(3-4) of patients and can be triggered by laser hair removal and hormonal changes. Further randomized clinical trials assessing different treatment of FFD are now warranted.
Topics: Apocrine Glands; Axilla; Epidermis; Female; Fox-Fordyce Disease; Hair Removal; Humans
PubMed: 33817950
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14135 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Feb 2023
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Miliaria
PubMed: 36228683
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.051 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2016
PubMed: 28292125
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.163.9745 -
Infectious Diseases (London, England) Mar 2023The spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is probably due to its increased transmissibility and ability to escape from neutralising antibodies. Cutaneous...
BACKGROUND
The spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is probably due to its increased transmissibility and ability to escape from neutralising antibodies. Cutaneous manifestations have been reported after infection with the Omicron strain, consisting mainly of generalised urticarial eruption and prickly heat rash, also known as miliaria, that can persist for several days. Here the impact of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 on skin was investigated.
METHODS
The case series of 10 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-related cutaneous manifestations were described; moreover, skin derived cells were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
RESULTS
The main clinical cutaneous features observed were urticarial lesions lasting more than 24 h, mainly involving the trunk and sometimes extending to the extremities, and miliaria presenting with clusters of small sweat-filled vesicles, sometimes surrounded by slight erythema. HaCaT keratinocytes, BJ fibroblast cell lines and outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection; they also did not present any evident cytopathic effect or modification of cells viability.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggests that, despite the high number of nucleotide mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, responsible to the higher transmissibility of this virus, and the increased reports of cutaneous manifestation in COVID-19 affected patients, the virus is not able to directly infect and damage the keratinocytes and fibroblasts, thus suggesting an indirect virus-induced activation of the immune system as the major pathogenetic driver.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Skin; Miliaria
PubMed: 36494183
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2153913 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2015Benign lesions of the breast in total are much more frequent than malignant ones. However, there are no epidemiologic data on the prevalence of benign or malignant... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Benign lesions of the breast in total are much more frequent than malignant ones. However, there are no epidemiologic data on the prevalence of benign or malignant tumours of the nipple, and the bibliography on benign nipple tumours in general is limited.
AIMS
To present some rare cases of benign nipple tumours and review the literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four cases of rare benign nipple tumours: neurofibromas, wart, leiomyoma and milium are presented. The literature search on benign nipple tumours was performed using MEDLINE, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases with limits: English language, human species and available abstract. The keyword used was 'benign nipple tumours'.
RESULTS
The initial search retrieved 337 articles. The papers were reviewed and the articles that referred to benign lesions that appeared at the nipple specifically were identified. Different entities that were described included: neurofibroma, leiomyoma, milium, florid papillomatosis, syringomatous adenoma, nevoid hyperkeratosis, fibroma, pseudolymphoma and haemangioma.
DISCUSSION
Differential diagnosis of benign tumours of the nipple can be demanding for the physicians. Many of the symptoms and signs like pruritus, serosanguinous discharge, lichenification, erosion and nodular enlargement are produced by either malignant or benign nipple lesions. Radiology can be unclear in the diagnosis of nipple abnormalities.
CONCLUSION
Histological examination of the lesion can be the only definite answer in these cases.
Topics: Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Infant; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Miliaria; Neurofibromatosis 1; Nipples; Papilloma; Pseudolymphoma; Rare Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Syringoma; Warts
PubMed: 25124255
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12623