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Cureus Sep 2023spp.-induced cutaneous infections are rare, with only 17 reported cases in the literature. spp. behave like low-grade opportunistic pathogens, with symptomatic...
spp.-induced cutaneous infections are rare, with only 17 reported cases in the literature. spp. behave like low-grade opportunistic pathogens, with symptomatic infections observed typically in severely immunocompromised patients and seldom in immunocompetent patients. In this paper, we present an immunocompetent 61-year old male with a past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, morbid obesity, and patient-reported peripheral neuropathy who presented to the transitional care clinic with bilateral lower extremity swelling and hemosiderin-pigmented dry wounds consistent with diagnosis of chronic venous stasis dermatitis with resolved secondary infection. Further literature review about spp. and its resistance mechanism, antibiotic susceptibility, and biofilm production are also included in this paper.
PubMed: 37846255
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45319 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022The housefly (Musca domestica) is a wide-ranging insect, often associated with decaying matter from livestock and humans. The septic environments in which houseflies...
The housefly (Musca domestica) is a wide-ranging insect, often associated with decaying matter from livestock and humans. The septic environments in which houseflies live are believed to be a rich source for microbial acquisition. Although the housefly can harbor a wide range of microorganisms, it is not yet well known which microbes are always recurrent, which are dispensable and which environmentally dependent. In the present study, we aim at identifying which microbes are recurrently associated with the housefly gut throughout the species' life cycle and whether their acquisition relies on the fly's living environment. We surveyed three housefly strains-two of them kept under standard laboratory conditions for a long time and one wild-caught. To track any shifts happening throughout the lifecycle of the housefly and to test the consistency of the revealed microbial communities, we sampled houseflies at five developmental stages over the course of four consecutive generations. Both the bacterial and fungal microbiota of five developmental stages were studied for all samples, using amplicon sequencing for the 16S and ITS1 rRNA gene, respectively. Results revealed diverse microbial communities yet consistent for each of the two distinct sampling environments. The wild-caught population showed a more diverse and more distinct gut microbiota than the two laboratory strains, even though the strain was phylogenetically similar and shared geographic origin with one of them. Two bacterial genera, Myroides and Providencia, and two yeasts, Trichosporon and Candida tropicalis, were present in all sampled larvae and pupae, regardless of the strain. Analysis of the provided diet revealed that the flies acquired the yeasts through feeding. Our main findings show that houseflies might lose microbial diversity when reared in controlled environments, however they can maintain a consistent set of bacteria. We conclude that although the environment can facilitate certain microbial transmission routes for the housefly, and despite the fungal microbiota being largely acquired through diet, the larval bacterial gut microbiome remains relatively consistent within the same developmental stage.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Larva; Microbiota
PubMed: 35778448
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15186-7 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... May 2022Zoning is typically adopted by food manufacturers and classified into three different zones including Zone 1 (food contact surface), Zone 2 (proximity to food and food...
Zoning is typically adopted by food manufacturers and classified into three different zones including Zone 1 (food contact surface), Zone 2 (proximity to food and food contact surfaces) and Zone 3 (remote surfaces from processing). In this study, environmental surfaces belonging to these three zones were sampled during food processing in a fresh-cut vegetables (FVs) processing facility located in Beijing, China. Bacterial loads in terms of aerobic plate count and coliform count were evaluated by culture-dependent techniques. The profile and diversity of bacterial community in these three zones were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Zone 1 showed similar microbiota and predominated by Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, while the predominant genera on Zone 2 or 3 were quite varied among different processing steps. The SourceTracker analysis showed that most of the bacteria (above 80%) on surfaces were from unknown sources, while sorting and disinfection & cleaning steps contributed equally to the bacterial community of cutting areas. Microbial association network analysis revealed strong positive interactions of Comamonas and Janthinobacterium with Myroides and Serratia, respectively, whereas Pseudomonas showed no significant correlation with other genera. The function of microbial communities was predicted based on BugBase 16S rRNA database, and the results indicated that the proportions of potential biofilm-forming bacteria were above 70% in all samples, and species of Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Chryseobacterium and Janthinobacterium were opportunistic pathogens or spoilage bacteria. This study evaluated the bacteria risks including bacterial load, composition, as well as potential bacterial interaction, function and microbial transfer on food processing surfaces, which will facilitate our better understanding on the cross-contaminations and preventions of harmful microorganism in FVs processing industry.
Topics: Bacteria; Food Microbiology; Microbiota; Pseudomonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vegetables
PubMed: 35400453
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111075 -
MBio Jan 2016A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what...
UNLABELLED
A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what mechanisms these bacteria use in order to survive and even thrive in a new marine environment. Myroides profundi D25(T), a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the southern Okinawa Trough near the China mainland and had high genomic sequence identity to and synteny with the human opportunistic pathogen Myroides odoratimimus. Phylogenetic and physiological analyses suggested that M. profundi recently transitioned from land to the ocean. This provided an opportunity to explore how a bacterial genome evolved to survive in a novel environment. Changes in the transcriptome were evaluated when both species were cultured under low-salinity conditions and then transferred to high-salinity conditions. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that M. profundi altered transcription regulation in the early stages of survival. In these stages, vertically inherited genes played a key role in the survival of M. profundi. The contribution of M. profundi unique genes, some possibly acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), appeared relatively small, and expression levels of unique genes were diminished under the high-salinity conditions. We postulate that HGT genes might play an important role in longer-term adaptation. These results suggested that some human pathogens might have the ability to survive in and adapt to the marine environment, which may have important implications for public health control in coastal regions.
IMPORTANCE
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered to be important for bacteria to adapt to a different microhabitat. However, our results showed that vertically inherited genes might play more important roles than HGT genes in the nascent adaptation to the marine environment in the bacterium Myroides profundi, which has recently been transferred from land to ocean. M. profundi unique genes had low expression levels and were less regulated under high-salinity conditions, indicating that the contribution of HGT genes to survival of this bacterium under marine high-salinity conditions was limited. In the early adaptation stages, M. profundi apparently survived and adapted mainly by regulating the expression of inherited core genes. These results may explain in part why human pathogens can easily be detected in marine environments.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; China; Culture Media; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genetic Speciation; Genome, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 26758181
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01946-15 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as...
The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as immune response, metabolism, reproductive ability, and growth and development, involve the gastrointestinal flora. However, many external factors affect the composition of insects' intestinal microorganisms, such as the type of dietary substrate. (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is of great significance in medicine and forensic science. In this study, we investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin on the growth and gut microbiota of . The results demonstrated that the maximum body length of larvae was not affected by ciprofloxacin, while the growth rate of body length quickened as the concentration of the drug increased. The weight of the pupa and adult was reduced significantly due to the effect of ciprofloxacin. After analyzing the gut microbiota composition of in different drug groups, it was indicated that , , , , , and play important roles in the growth of . However, they still need to be further studied. In general, ciprofloxacin can affect the gut microbial community structure, which in turn affects the fitness of the host.
PubMed: 38138011
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122867 -
Insects Feb 2022We sequenced the complete mitogenomes, 18S and 28S rRNA of two new isolates, collected in Eastern Nebraska and Northern Arkansas (US). Based on molecular sequence data...
We sequenced the complete mitogenomes, 18S and 28S rRNA of two new isolates, collected in Eastern Nebraska and Northern Arkansas (US). Based on molecular sequence data comparison and morphological characteristics, the new isolates were identified as a subspecies of Fabricius 1775, for which we propose the subspecies names '' and ''. The new 18S and 28S rRNA sequences were found to be 99% and 98% identical to . There are no other 18S or 28S rRNA sequences in the Genbank database, however, phylogenetic analysis of the Cox1 genes showed Chaudoir, 1843, and Morawitz, 1863, as the closest relatives. This is the first report of a mitogenome for , and only the second mitogenome for that genus. The nucleotide sequence identity between the mitogenomes of the two isolates is 98.8%, while the earlier sequenced Forster 1771 mitogenome is more distantly related, with only 90% (to ssp. ) and 89% (to ssp. ) overall nucleotide sequence identity. These new mitogenomes, and their phylogenetic analysis, firmly establish the position of on the Carabidae family tree and further refine the genus. In addition to the molecular data provided for the species, this approach also allowed us to identify bacterial and viral signatures for , , , and a giant virus, associated with the species. We hereby present a simple and efficient protocol for identification and phylogenetic analysis of , that is applicable to other Coleoptera, based on total DNA extraction and Illumina short-read Next-Gen sequencing.
PubMed: 35206763
DOI: 10.3390/insects13020190 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2019To study the association of opportunistic infection due to Myroides odoratimimus in piglets immunocompromised by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection.
AIM
To study the association of opportunistic infection due to Myroides odoratimimus in piglets immunocompromised by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The clinical samples (n = 101) were analysed bacteriologically. The isolates were identified by their phenotypes and MALDI TOF-MS analysis as Myroides species. The phylogram constructed based on nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showed identity (~99%) with the M. odoratimimus isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for antibiotics revealed M. odoratimimus to be resistant against carbapenem, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The presence of PCV2 in affected tissue samples was confirmed by amplification of the 565 bp region of ORF2 of the PCV2 genome. The topology of the phylogenetic tree grouped the PCV2 with cluster-2d.
CONCLUSIONS
PCV2 being immunosuppressive in nature might have impaired the immunity thereby increasing the susceptibility of immunocompromised piglets to opportunistic pathogens such as M. odoratimimus leading to disease severity and high mortality. The M. odoratimimus isolates were found to be multidrug resistant and evidenced for uncertain clinical relevance and hence could act as hidden source of public health hazard.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Myroides odoratimimus is a rarely reported human pathogen. We reported the incidence of infection due to seemingly rare isolates of M. odoratimimus causing an outbreak of pneumonia in piglets. This appears, to the best of authors' knowledge, to be the first outbreak due to Myroides recorded in animal clinical cases described in the literature.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Circovirus; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Immunocompromised Host; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 31517421
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14448 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2020Catheter-related infection (CRI) is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalizations for immunocompromised patients. A major challenge is the increased prevalence of...
PURPOSE
Catheter-related infection (CRI) is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalizations for immunocompromised patients. A major challenge is the increased prevalence of . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features and molecular characteristics of collected from a general hospital in Shanghai, China.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From July 2015 to August 2016, a total of 22 isolates of were collected from inpatients respectively from the biliary and pancreatic surgery (6/22) and the urology department (16/22). Clonal relatedness among the isolates was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Moreover, the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was screened using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Additionally, protein structure prediction was analyzed using PSIPRED and RaptorX.
RESULTS
PFGE differentiated these isolates into six possibly related clones from two different departments obtained during a distinct period, indicating clonal dissemination in the two departments. We compared the dendrograms of isolates obtained by MALDI-TOF MS with those obtained by PFGE and found that the coincidence rate between them was only 68.2%. All the isolates were highly resistant to most available antibiotics, including carbapenems. Furthermore, chromosome-encoded β-lactamases MUS-1 was confirmed by PCR in 6 of 22 isolates. Herein, we also reported a novel variant of in the remaining 16 isolates, which encodes MUS-3 protein at position 60 (Valine to Alanine), differing from the structure of MUS-1.
CONCLUSION
The opportunistic and extensively antibiotic-resistant has a small range of epidemics in these two different departments. Clinicians should be aware that may induce a severe nosocomial outbreak of catheter-related infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 32612373
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S251626 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Oct 2021As a common natural phenomenon, corpse decomposition may lead to serious environmental pollution such as nitrogen pollution. However, less is known about antibiotic...
As a common natural phenomenon, corpse decomposition may lead to serious environmental pollution such as nitrogen pollution. However, less is known about antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), an emerging contaminant, during corpse degradation. Here, ARGs and microbiome in three soil types (black, red and yellow soil) have been investigated between experimental and control groups based on next-generation sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques. We found that the absolute abundance of total ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the experimental groups were respectively enriched 536.96 and 240.60 times in different soil types, and the number of ARGs in experimental groups was 7-25 more than that in control groups. For experimental groups, the distribution of ARGs was distinct in different soil types, but sulfonamide resistance genes were always enriched. Corpse decomposition was a primary determinant for ARGs profiles. Microbiome, NH concentrates and pH also significantly affected ARGs profiles. Nevertheless, soil types had few effects on ARGs. For soil microbiome, some genera were elevated in experimental groups such as the Ignatzschineria and Myroides. The alpha diversity is decreased in experimental groups and microbial community structures are different between treatments. Additionally, the Escherichia and Neisseria were potential pathogens elevated in experimental groups. Network analysis indicated that most of ARGs like sulfonamide and multidrug resistance genes presented strong positively correlations with NH concentrates and pH, and some genera like Ignatzschineria and Dysgonomonas were positively correlated with several ARGs such as aminoglycoside and sulfonamide resistance genes. Our study reveals a law of ARGs' enrichment markedly during corpse decomposing in different soil types, and these ARGs contaminant maintaining in environment may pose a potential threat to environmental safety and human health.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cadaver; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 34438490
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117560 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2020Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. Outbreaks due to Myroides spp. have rarely been described in the literature to date. We report a...
Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. Outbreaks due to Myroides spp. have rarely been described in the literature to date. We report a healthcare-associated outbreak of urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by Myroides odoratimimus, in a Turkish hospital. As of March 2019 until May 2019, 6 strains of M. odoratimimus were isolated from the urine samples of patients, all of whom were hospitalized in intensive care units. After identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 system, MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA-based sequencing methods were performed for confirmation and species-level identification. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed in order to investigate the clonal relatedness of the isolates. All the patients were immunocompromised and underwent urinary catheterization. None of the patients had urinary neoplasm, surgery, or calculi. VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF-MS systems revealed that the isolates belonged to the Myroides genus; however, the aforementioned systems neglected to identify the isolates at the species level. The isolates were all successfully identified as M. odoratimimus through 16S rRNA-based sequencing. The isolates were resistant to every antibiotic tested. All isolates had an indistinguishable PFGE pattern, thus indicating cross-transmission between cases. Although M. odoratimimus is rarely isolated from human specimens, clinicians should be aware of its ability to cause UTIs and infectious outbreaks.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Female; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Turkey; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33208588
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.536